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% Document Info
\author{thatgreatestgod}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (ncert-9th-biology-chapter-1-cell.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (thatgreatestgod)
  /Subject (NCERT 9th Biology Chapter 1 (Cell) Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{NCERT 9th Biology Chapter 1 (Cell) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{thatgreatestgod} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/184503/cs/39486/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}thatgreatestgod \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/thatgreatestgod} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 6th July, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.53827 cm} x{2.43873 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Discoveries}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cell & Robert Hooke, 1665 \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Living Cell & Leeuwenhoek, 1674 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Nucleus & Robert Brown, 1831 \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Protoplasm (Cytoplasm) & Purkinje, 1839 \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cell Theory & Schleiden, 1838, Schwann, 1839 \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Expanded Cell Theory & Virchow, 1855 \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Electron Microscope (Invention) & 1940 \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cell Membrane}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The outermost part, covers the cell. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Separates intra-cellular material from extra-cellular material. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
It makes the cell a separate entity. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Helps in transport -\textgreater{} selectively permeable membrane. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Uses enzymes and amino acids for transport using lock and key mechanisms. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
Made of lipids and proteins. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
Methods of transport -  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
1) Diffusion - O₂ and CO₂ moves through cell membrane. (A spontaneous movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. (Only if energy is provided.)) \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 4)
2) Osmosis - The movement of water from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 4)
3) Active Transport - Nutrition absorption (Requires Energy) \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
Solutions - \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
Isotonic solution - Net osmosis = 0 \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
Hypotonic solution - Endosmosis - Water moves in. \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
Hypertonic solution - Exosmosis - Water moves out.% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lipids}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{For the cell membrane, enzymes, and hormones. All are helped by lipids to be made, proteins are also used. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
Proteins and lipids and building blocks, they are not combined. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
The S.ER of liver cells plays a crucial role in detoxifying poisons and drugs.% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vacuoles}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Storage sacs for solids and liquids. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
In plant cells, they are very big and take the central position with occupies. The central vacuole occupies 50\% to 90\% of the space and displaces the nucleus to the side. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 4)
Plant vacuoles have sap which increases rigidity. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
Important substances and other things and stored in plant vacuoles. (Amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and proteins) \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 3)
In amoeba, vacuoles hold food.  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
it is used for water expulsion also.% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.54287 cm} x{3.43413 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Features}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Types of Organisms & 1) Unicellular - One cell \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 2) Multicellular - Numerous Cells (Different cells have different purposes, the shape and size corresponds to this.) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
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Division Of Labour & Cells have the basic capability of sustaining themselves through division of labour. Cells contain cell organelles which have specific functions. All cells have same organelles, no matter the cell. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 8)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cell Wall}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Found in plant cells, certain bacteria (cyanobacteria - blue-green algae (Can conduct photosynthesis)), and fungi (Agaricus) (Made up of cellulose in plants). \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
Cellulose is a polymer of starch -\textgreater{} sugar. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
Surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells and provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
One of the strongest natural materials on earth, it is not digested easily, this is why herbivores have long digestive systems. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 3)
Shrinking due to exosmosis is called plasmolysis. The cell wall retains its shape in this phenomenon. Osmosis can only occurs in living cells.% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cytoplasm}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cytoplasm and blood plasma are the same. It replenishes the cytoplasm. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Plasma contains nutrients and waste. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Cytoplasm is a moving material, it is a platform for cellular activities. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
It contains cell organelles. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
Viruses don't have cytoplasm or cell organelles. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
In prokaryotes which lack cell organelles, the cytoplasm conducts ATP synthesis and et cetera. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
The cytoplasm contains nutrients, diffused CO₂ and O₂, proteins, fats, lipids, and water.% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Golgi Apparatus}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Discovered by Camillo Golgi (Mexican/Spanish). \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Multiple flat sacs stacked on top of each other. (flat sac - cistern) \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
Sometimes, they are connected to ER, which makes a very complex membrane system. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
it packages proteins (RER) and lipids and sends them out (SER). \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
ER -\textgreater{} Lipids and proteins -\textgreater{} packaged by GA -\textgreater{} Sent to destination. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
In some cells, GA converts simple sugars to complex sugars.% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mitochondria}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{ATP synthesis, Kreb's cycle (2\textasciicircum{}nd\textasciicircum{} stage) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
The powerhouse of the cell. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Contains mitochondrial ribosome which makes RNA which can join to be DNA. It sends them through pores. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
It converts pyruvic acid to CO₂ + H₂O -\textgreater{} more ATP. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
It has two mitochondrial membranes. The outer membrane is porous, the inner membrane is folded. More surface area for more chemical reactions. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 3)
They can produce their own proteins.% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.29402 cm} x{3.68298 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cell Organelles}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
In every cell: & Nucleus, plasma membrane, cytoplasm. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
In most cells: & Golgi Apparatus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Plastids, Lysosomes, Ribosomes, Vacuole, Cell Wall, Centrioles, Mitochondria \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nucleus}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Contains nucleolus -\textgreater{} Chromosomes -\textgreater{} DNA -\textgreater{} Genes \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Plays a major role in cellular activities and cell reproduction. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
Acetocarmine, safranin, and methylene blue are used for staining cells. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
Nucleus had a different chemical composition and appears dark when stained. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
Nucleolus is covered by two membranes, its porous from transport. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
Nucleolus is made up of chromatin fibres which arrange themselves to form chromosomes. This only happens during cell division.  \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 3)
Chromatin fibres are made up of DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) -\textgreater{} Deoxy Ribose Sugar + phosphate + nitrogen base. It is a chemical chain made up of nucleotides. Multiple nucleotides make one gene. DNA is a staircase structure. Each step is a nucleotide. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 6)
If RNA/DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm, it is a prokaryote. (Nucleoid)% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Endoplasmic Reticulum}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Tubes (sheets) around the nuclear area. It's a large network, it's membrane-bound. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
They are like oblong bags or vesicles. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Two types- \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Rough ER - Has ribosomes -\textgreater{} proteins -\textgreater{} to the nucleus. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Smooth ER - Doesn't have ribosomes. -\textgreater{} fats and lipids production -\textgreater{} membrane biogenesis -\textgreater{} manufacturing and repairing the cell membrane, transport of material through ER.% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lysosome}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Sacs filled with digestive enzymes. produced by RER. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Clears cells by digesting all foreign materials and worn-out cell parts. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
Lysis - cutting \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
They burst the membrane and release the enzymes, they are called suicide bags, they will destroy the full cell if it is beyond repair.% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Plastids}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Only in plant cells. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Two types - \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
* Chromoplast -  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
It is pigmented, if it is chlorophyll, then it will be green and called chloroplast (It conducts photosynthesis CO₂ + H₂0 -\textgreater{} C₆H₁₂O₆. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
It can contain Xanthophyll (Yellow), Carotenoids (Red, Orange) \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
* Leucoplast -  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
Non-pigmented, white, colorless. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
For storage, oils, starch, and proteins. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
The grana are connected to the top and bottom. Grana are towers made up of disc-like thylakoids. Thylakoids have chlorophyll with traps like in light reaction. Plastids are filled with stroma (liquids). The bridges that connect the grana are called Stroma Lamella \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 6)
Photosynthesis is a two-stage process, in grana (First stage, Light reaction (requires light)) and stroma (Second stage, Dark reaction).% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}