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  /Title (microbiology-lab-techniques.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (teganski)
  /Subject (Microbiology Lab Techniques Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Microbiology Lab Techniques Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{teganski} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/211266/cs/45760/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}teganski \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/teganski} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 25th February, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Microscopy Techniques}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\textasciicircum{}Name\textasciicircum{} & \textasciicircum{}Uses\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Light Microscopy}} & Uses visable light to magnify specimens; helps visualize bacteria and their morphology \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Bright-field Microscopy}} & Common light microscopy technique where bacteria appear dark against a bright background; used for stained bacteria \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Phase-contrast Microscopy}} & Enhances contrast in unstained samples, useful for observing live bacteria and their internal structures \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Dark-field Microscopy}} & Illuminates specimens against a dark background; useful for observing thin, live bacteria \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Fluorescence Microscopy}} & Uses fluorescent dyes that bind to bacterial components; allows identification of specific bacteria using labeled antibodies \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Microscopy Techniques (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
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{\bf{Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy}} & Enhances contrast and depth perception in unstained samples; useful for observing bacterial structures in detail \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)}} & Produces 3D images of bacterial surfaces \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)}} & Provides detailed images of internal bacterial structures \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bacterial Quantification Techniques}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\textasciicircum{}Name\textasciicircum{} & \textasciicircum{}Uses\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Optical Density (Turbidity Measurement)}} & Measures bacterial growth in liquid culture using a spectrophotometer \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Counting Chamber}} & A microscopic grid for estimating bacterial concentration; viable cell counting \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{CFU Dilution Plating (Serial Dilutions)}} & A method to count bacteria by diluting and plating them; viable cell counting \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Antimicrobial Testing Techniques}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\textasciicircum{}Name\textasciicircum{} & \textasciicircum{}Uses\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Kirby-Bauer Assay}} & Tests bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics by measuring zones of inhibition around antibiotic disks \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)}} & Determines the lowest antibiotic concentration that inhibits bacterial growth \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.56 cm} x{5.44 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Staining Techniques}}  \tn
% Row 0
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% Row 1
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{\bf{Gram Stain}} & Differentiates bacteria into Gram-positive (purple) and Gram-negative (pink) based on cell wall composition \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
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{\bf{Simple Stain}} & Uses a single dye to highlight bacterial shape and arrangement \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
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\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Negative Stain}} & Stains the background, leaving bacteria unstained; useful for visualizing capsules \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
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{\bf{Capsule Stain}} & Specifically stains the protective capsule around some bacteria, aiding in virulence identification \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Acid-fast Stain}} & Identifies mycobacteria by staining waxy cell walls \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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{\bf{Spore Stain}} & Detects bacterial endospores, which are resistant survival structures \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
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{\bf{Culture Media}} & Provides nutrients for bacterial growth in the lab \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Defined Media}} & Has precisely known chemical compositions; used for studying specific bacterial metabolic needs \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
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\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Complex Media}} & Contains unknown amounts of nutrients; commonly used for general bacterial growth \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
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{\bf{Agar}} & Solid medium for growing bacterial colonies \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
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{\bf{Broth}} & Liquid medium for growing bacteria \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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{\bf{T-streak}} & A technique for isolating pure bacterial colonies from a mixed culture \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 7
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{\bf{Spread Plates}} & Used for counting and isolating bacteria by spreading a diluted sample on an agar plate \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Mixed Cultures}} & Contain multiple bacterial species \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Pure Isolates}} & A single bacterial species obtained from a mixed culture \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
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% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Microbial Growth Curve}} & Describes bacterial population changes over time (lag, exponential, stationary, decline phases) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
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{\bf{Exponential Growth \& Generation Time}} & Determines bacterial replication rate under given conditions \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
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% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Thioglycolate Broth}} & Used to test bacterial oxygen requirements by creating a gradient from aerobic to anaerobic conditions \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}