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  /Title (legal-aspects-of-information-technology-l6.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (taylor\_dowding)
  /Subject (Legal Aspects of Information Technology (L6) Cheat Sheet)
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Legal Aspects of Information Technology (L6) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{taylor\_dowding} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/123838/cs/23509/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}taylor\_dowding \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/taylor-dowding} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 25th June, 2020.\\
   Updated 25th June, 2020.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Criminal Law}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{• Criminal Law is Undertaken on behalf of the State \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
• The parties are described as \seqsplit{Plaintiff(s)/Defendant(s)} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
• The Defendant does not have to prove Innocence \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
• The Plaintiff (who acts on behalf of society) must prove Guilt beyond all reasonable doubt% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Equality Act (2010)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The Equality Act 2010 legally protects people from discrimination in the workplace and in wider society. It replaced previous anti-discrimination laws with a single Act, making the law easier to understand and strengthening protection in some situations.% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Civil Law}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{• Civil Law is between Individual Parties \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
• The parties are described as Plaintiff (s), or commonly \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
Claimant, and Defendant (s) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
• The Claimant will bring a case against the Defendant% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{English Legal System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ Civil Law }} & {\bf{ Criminal Law }} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Law Set by legislation - form of public law & Non Criminal Disputes between parties - Form of private law \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
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Passed by Government and enforced by State & - \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
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Brought by state & Brought by Claimant \tn 
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% Row 4
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Regulates Society & Claimant Seeks remedy \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Burden of proof - guilt must be proven beyond reasonable doubt & The outcome is usually in the form of financial compensation \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Computer Misuse Act 1990}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The Computer Misuse Act protects personal data held by organisations from unauthorised access and modification). \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
The act makes the following illegal: \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
1.Unauthorised access to computer material. This refers to entering a computer system without permission (hacking) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 3)
2.Unauthorised access to computer materials with intent to commit a further crime. This refers to entering a computer system to steal data or destroy a device or network (such as planting a virus) \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 4)
3.Unauthorised modification of data. This refers to modifying or deleting data, and also covers the introduction of malware or spyware onto a computer (electronic vandalism and theft of information) \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 4)
4.Making, supplying or obtaining anything which can be used in computer misuse offences \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
These four clauses cover a range of offences including hacking, computer fraud, blackmail and viruses. \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 3)
Failure to comply with the Computer Misuse Act can lead to fines and potentially imprisonment.% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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{\bf{Offence}} & {\bf{Penalty}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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Unauthorised access to computer material & Up to 6 months in prison and/or a £5,000 fine \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
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Unauthorised access to computer materials with intent to commit a further crime & Up to 5-year prison sentence and/or unlimited fine \tn 
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Unauthorised modification of data & Up to a 5-year prison sentence and/or an unlimited fine \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
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Making, supplying or obtaining anything which can be used in a computer misuse offences & Up to a 10-year prison sentence and/or an unlimited fine \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Privacy Terminology}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Pseudonymisation \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
The processing of personal data in such a manner that the personal data can no longer be attributed to a specific data subject without the use of additional information, provided that such additional information is kept separately and is subject to technical and organisational measures to ensure that the personal data are not attributed to an identified or identifiable person. Pseudonymised data is therefore re-identifiable and falls within the definition of personal data. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 10)
Profiling \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
Any form of automated processing of personal data consisting of the use of personal data to evaluate certain personal aspects relating to a person, in particular to analyse or predict aspects concerning their  performance at work or studies, economic situation, health, personal preferences, interests, reliability, behaviour, location or movements. \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 7)
Restriction of processing \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
The marking of stored personal data with the aim of limiting their processing in the future. \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2)
Records of Processing Activities \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
Detailed records of the personal data processing activities that a Data Controller or Processor is required to maintain and make available under the GDPR. \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 4)
Supervisory authority \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
An independent public authority established by the UK or another state to regulate compliance with data protection law by Data Controllers and Processors and take enforcement action in the case of non-compliance. In the UK the supervisory authority is the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO).% Row Count 34 (+ 6)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Defamation Act 1996}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The Defamation Act 1996 was created with the purpose of protecting individuals or organisations from slander and libel. Defamation occurs when untrue, damaging information about someone is published to a third party. If the Act is violated, the courts may decide that the guilty party has to compensate the person who was defamed.% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The communications act 2003}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Communications Act 2003 Section 127(1) covers offensive and threatening messages sent over a "public" electronic communications network. Since 2010 it has increasingly been used to arrest and prosecute individuals for messages posted to sites such as Twitter and Facebook. Section 127(2) covers causing annoyance by sending messages known to be false, which is one of the laws that hoax-999 callers can be prosecuted under.% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Communications Act 2003 Examples}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\emph{A workplace discusson is undertaken in a public offiece space between colleagues. The conversation is about a  mutual aquanitance and body image. The conversation is overheard by another colleageu who shares the content on a social media site, naming all three people}} & {\emph{An individual takes a consensual naked photo of a partner using a mobile phone, which immediately stores to a user's account. The individual then uses social media to distribute the image to a friend without gaining consent}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 14)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The investigatory powers act (2016)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{A Bill to make provision about the interception of communications, equipment interference and the acquisition and retention of communications data, bulk personal datasets and other information; to make provision about the treatment of material held as a result of such interception, equipment interference or acquisition or retention; to establish the Investigatory Powers Commissioner and other Judicial Commissioners and make provision about them and other oversight arrangements; to make further provision about investigatory powers and national security; to amend sections 3 and 5 of the Intelligence Services Act 1994; and for connected purposes.% Row Count 14 (+ 14)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Human Rights Act 1998}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The Human Rights Act 1998 sets out the fundamental rights and freedoms that everyone in the UK is entitled to. It incorporates the rights set out in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) into domestic British law. The Human Rights Act came into force in the UK in October 2000. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 6)
The Act has three main effects: \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
1. You can seek justice in a British court \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
It incorporates the rights set out in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) into domestic British law. This means that if your human rights have been breached, you can take your case to a British court rather than having to seek justice from the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, France. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 7)
2. Public bodies must respect your rights \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
It requires all public bodies (like courts, police, local authorities, hospitals and publicly funded schools) and other bodies carrying out public functions to respect and protect your human rights. \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 4)
3. New laws are compatible with Convention rights \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
In practice it means that Parliament will nearly always make sure that new laws are compatible with the rights set out in the European Convention on Human Rights (although ultimately Parliament is sovereign and can pass laws which are incompatible). The courts will also, where possible, interpret laws in a way which is compatible with Convention rights.% Row Count 29 (+ 8)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Copyright Designs and Patents Act (1988)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The Copyright Designs and Patents Act (1988) gives creators of digital media the rights to control how their work is used and distributed. Music, books, videos, games and software can all be covered by copyright law. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 5)
Anything which you design or code is automatically copyrighted and may not be copied without your permission, as the digital creator. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
- When you buy software, for example, copyright law forbids you from: Giving a copy to a friend \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
- Making a copy and then selling it \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
-Using the software on a network (unless the licence you signed allows it. For example, you may be allowed to install an app on 3 devices within a family) \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 4)
-Renting the software without the permission of the copyright holder% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Intellectual Property Act (2014)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Intellectual property (IP) refers to the ownership of an idea or design by the person who came up with it. It is a term used in property law. It gives a person certain exclusive rights to a distinct type of creative design, meaning that nobody else can copy or reuse that creation without the owner's permission.% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Data Protection Act (1998)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The fundamental principles of DPA 1998 specify that personal data must: \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
•be processed fairly and lawfully. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
•be obtained only for lawful purposes and not processed in any manner incompatible with those purposes. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
•be adequate, relevant and not excessive. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
•be accurate and current. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
•not be retained for longer than necessary. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
•be processed in accordance with the rights and freedoms of data subjects. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
•be protected against unauthorized or unlawful processing and against accidental loss, destruction or damage. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 3)
•not be transferred to a country or territory outside the European Economic Area unless that country or territory protects the rights and freedoms of the data subjects.% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Data}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Personal Data - This is Data that can identify you, either as a single element of data or as part of a dataset. Fully anonymised or data relating to a deceased person is not subject to GDPR. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
Sensitive Data - This is data that if breached, could create a more significant risk to the individual, therefore it has more protection, includes most of the 'protected characteristics', biometric and genetic data.  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 5)
Criminal Data - This is criminal conviction and offences data and cannot be held or processed without legal or official authority.% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Freedom of Information Act (2000)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The Freedom of Information Act 2000 provides public access to information held by public authorities. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
It does this in two ways: \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
•public authorities are obliged to publish certain information about their activities; and \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
•members of the public are entitled to request information from public authorities. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
The Act covers any recorded information that is held by a public authority in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and by UK-wide public authorities based in Scotland. Information held by Scottish public authorities is covered by Scotland's own Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 6)
Public authorities include government departments, local authorities, the NHS, state schools and police forces. However, the Act does not necessarily cover every organisation that receives public money. For example, it does not cover some charities that receive grants and certain private sector organisations that perform public functions.% Row Count 21 (+ 7)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
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\end{document}