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\author{tammie\_knowles}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (probate-revocation.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (tammie\_knowles)
  /Subject (Probate - Revocation Cheat Sheet)
}

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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Probate - Revocation Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{tammie\_knowles} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/146485/cs/31697/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}tammie\_knowles \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/tammie-knowles} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 21st April, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{GENERAL}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{When can a Will be revoked?}} & At any time while the Testator is alive. \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How can a Will be revoked?}} \newline 1. By another Will or Codicil  \newline 2. Marriage of Testator  \newline 3. By some duly executed document  \newline 4. Destruction of the Will}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{LATER WILL OR CODICIL}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{s16(d) Wills Act}} & Cancels all former Wills \& Testamentary Dispositions \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Express Revocation by later Will/Codicil}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Express clause that "I revoke all former wills and testamentary dispositions..." \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Toomer v Sobinska}} & Wrote a note saying former Will is revoked and had 2 witnesses sign. {\bf{HELD}} revoked the former Will \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Re Thompson Hoo Seung}} & Made 2 Wills that did not revoke the other because no revocation clause. 3rd Will had revocation clause so revoked all other Wills. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & "This is my Last Will \& Testament" is {\bf{NOT}} sufficient to revoke \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Implied revocation by a later Will/Codicil}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Document must be construed because it does not expressly state. \tn 
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% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Provisions which are inconsistent with those in an earlier Will the later Will is said to have impliedly revoked the earlier one to the extent of the inconsistency. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{LATER WILL OR CODICIL}} (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Partly Inconsistent }}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Lemage v Goodban}} & If a subsequent testamentary paper is only partly inconsistent with one of an earlier date, the latter instrument is only revoked as to those parts where it is inconsistent, and both of the papers are entitled to probate. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 10)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Totally Inconsistent}}} \tn 
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% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Re Bryan's Estate}} & The last document is so inconsistent with the others that they cannot stand together; and, further, that if this is not plain from the documents themselves. Revocation may be implied from the terms of the last document, even though it contain no express clause of revocation and the whole estate of the deceased be not thereby disposed of. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 15)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{No Inconsistency - No Revocation Clause}}} \tn 
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% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The documents taken together will constitute the Last Will} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{LATER WILL OR CODICIL}} (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Revocation Clause - No Date}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{If priority of the documents is unknown then none of the documents will be admitted to probate.} \tn 
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% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Townsend v Moore}} & A testatrix executed two codicils, both dated the same day, their provisions being to some extent inconsistent. The evidence of an attesting witness proved, in the opinion of the Court of Appeal, that the two codicils were executed on the same occasion and practically simultaneously. There was nothing to shew which was in fact executed first. Gorell Barnes J. refused to admit either codicil to probate, on the ground that an introductory clause in each shewed that it was intended to operate only in the event of the testatrix surviving her husband, whereas she died before him. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 25)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Revocation of revoking Will/Codicil}}} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{If later will revoked, cannot revive the previous Will.} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{MARRIAGE}}}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{S13(1), (2), (3), (4) Wills Act}} & Automatic consequence - Has to be by {\bf{VALID}} marriage. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{VOID \& VOIDABLE MARRIAGE}} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{VOID Marriage}} & Does {\bf{NOT}} revoke a Will because it does not effect change in status. eg Minor \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Mette v Mette}} & Testator married late wife's half sister's wife. Was a prohibited degree of marriage in English law. Did {\bf{not}} revoke Will. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{VOIDABLE Marriage}} & Valid until annulled and {\bf{WILL}} revoke a Will once annulled. \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Re Roberts}} & Married a person with senile dementia and other mental disorders. Will revoked because marriage not annulled. \tn 
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% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{EXCEPTIONS}} \tn 
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% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{s13(3) (4) Wills Act}} & {\bf{Will made in CONTEMPLATION of marriage}} \tn 
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% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Expectation of the marriage must be inferred from the language used. \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{MARRIAGE}} (cont)}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{In The Estate of Langston}} & Inferred language - "bequeath unto my fiancée Maida Edith Beck" - Marriage did {\bf{NOT}} revoke the Will as it was shown to be made in contemplation of marriage. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Pilot v Gainfort}} & Presumption of Death - The testator, being married to a woman who had left him some years before and had not been heard of, bequeathed the whole of his estate to a woman with whom he was living and whom he described as his wife. Shortly afterwards he married the woman in question, relying on the legal presumption of the death of his wife:-Held- that the marriage was prima facie valid and that the will was expressed to be made in contemplation of it, and was accordingly within the protection of the section and not revoked by the marriage. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 26)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{MARRIAGE}} (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Must name or describe the person expecting to marry.}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Sallis v Jones}} & In the T's final sentence of the Will, he declared "that this will is made in contemplation of marriage." TThe T married his second wife thereafter in 1927. He died in 1934. A probate action was begun by the executrices (his daughters) claiming to have the Will established. The D (the T's widow) alleged that the Will was invalid, on the ground that it did not come within the exception to s18 of the Wills Act, set out in s. 177 of the Law of Property Act, 1925. {\bf{Held:}} for s18 Wills Act to operate to revoke a Will made before marriage, there must be found in the Will something more than a declaration relating to or a reference to marriage generally. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 32)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{MARRIAGE}} (cont)}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & **Must marry the person intended to marry and not someone else. \tn 
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% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{s31 Marriage Act}} & {\bf{Marriage in extremis/clinical marriage}} (Death bed Marriage) \tn 
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% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Does {\bf{NOT}} revoke a Will \tn 
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% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{s31(7) MArriage Act}} & No marriage solemnized under the provisions of this section shall operate as a revocation of any Will. \tn 
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% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{s14 Marriage Act}} & {\bf{Dissolution of Marriage}} \tn 
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% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Cancels}} & Appointment of former spouse as Executor \tn 
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% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Gifts Lapse}} & To former spouse {\bf{After}} dissolution \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{REVOCATION BY DESTRUCTION}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{s16(d) Wills Act} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Must be done by Testator , some other person in his presence and by his direction.} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Two requirements: & (1) Physical Act    (2) Intent to Revoke \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Cheese v Lovejoy}} & A testator drew his pen through the lines of various parts of his will, wrote on the back of it "This is revoked," and threw it among a heap of waste papers in his sitting-room. A servant took it up and put it on a table in the kitchen. It remained lying about in the kitchen till the testator's death seven or eight years afterwards, and was then found uninjured {\bf{HELD}} Will was not revoked. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 17)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Physical Act of Destruction}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Must burn, tear or other act of destroying. Must be {\bf{actual}} destruction.} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Doe d Reed v Harris}} & Act of burning revoked the Will. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Extent of destruction}} & Entire Will need not be destroyed. \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Otherwise destroying}}} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{REVOCATION BY DESTRUCTION}} (cont)}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Crossing out parts. & Ejusden generis rule applies. Striking through the body of the Will with a pen and crossing out the names of the Testator, Witnesses and attestation clause was a cancellation and not a destruction. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Stephens v Taprell}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{4.03137 cm} p{0.94563 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Revocation Declaring Intent to Revoke}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The intention to revoke may be in the form of a letter written by the testator and executed in the same manner as a will.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{It is executed like a Will so it is treated like a Will.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Toomer v Sobinska}} & Supra \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
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