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%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
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%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{River L. (Tamaranth)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (linux-commands-and-options.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (River L. (Tamaranth))
  /Subject (Linux Commands \& Options Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Linux Commands \& Options Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{River L. (Tamaranth)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/42882/cs/46551/}}}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}River L. (Tamaranth) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/tamaranth} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 8th June, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

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% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.356 cm} x{2.356 cm} x{2.888 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Keyboard Shortcuts}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{{\emph{Shortcut}}}} & {\bf{{\emph{What It Does}}}} & {\bf{{\emph{Notes}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Esc}} + {\bf{.}} & Insert last argument entered & Repeat to go back to previous arguments \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Up Arrow}} & Auto-fill last command entered & Repeat to go back to previous commands \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Ctrl}}+{\bf{D}} & Logout / Exit &  \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Ctrl}}+{\bf{L}} & Clear terminal output &  \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Ctrl}}+{\bf{Shift}}+{\bf{T}} & Open new terminal tab &  \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Ctrl}}+{\bf{Arrow}} \seqsplit{(Right/Left)} & Move to \seqsplit{beginning/end} of a word &  \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.824 cm} x{2.888 cm} x{2.888 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Wildcards \& Shortcuts}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{{\emph{Wildcard}}}} & {\bf{{\emph{What It Represents}}}} & {\bf{{\emph{Example}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`{\bf{\textasciitilde{}}}` & Current user's home directory &  \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`{\bf{.}}` & The directory you're currently in &  \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`{\bf{..}}` & Parent directory of your current directory &  \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`{\bf{*}}` & All files in current directory & `{\bf{ls i}}*` = all files starting with "i" \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`{\bf{?}}` & "Any character" & `{\bf{f??e}}` matches anything with 4 characters that starts with "f" \& ends with "e" \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`{\bf{{[}}}{\emph{aou{\bf{}}{]}}}` & Match to any {\bf{one}} of the enclosed characters & `{\bf{c{[}aou{]}t}}` matches to "cat", "cot", and "cut" \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
`{\bf{!!}}` & "Last command run" (inserts into current command) & `{\bf{sudo !!}}` = rerun command as root \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`{\bf{\textasciicircum{}}}{\emph{x{\bf{}}\textasciicircum{}}}{\emph{y}}` & Rerun last command but replace {\emph{x}} with {\emph{y}} & `{\bf{ls /usr}}` followed by `{\bf{\textasciicircum{}usr\textasciicircum{}tmp}}` will run `{\bf{ls /tmp}}` \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.824 cm} x{2.888 cm} x{2.888 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Wildcards \& Shortcuts (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`{\bf{!3}}` & Rerun 3rd command from command history &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
`{\bf{!ls}}` & Runs most recent command from history that had "ls" in it &  \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Important Directories \& Files}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}\{\{width=30\}\}{\bf{{\emph{Directory/File}}}} & \{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{{\emph{(Stands For) Purpose}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{/root}} & Root user's home directory \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{/home}} & Normal users' home directories \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{/var}} & (Variables) Database locations, spool files for mail, etc. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{/usr}} & (User System Resources) System resources used by users \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
— /usr{\bf{/bin}} & (Binaries) Executables usable by normal users \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
— /usr{\bf{/sbin}} & (System Binaries) Executables only usable by root user \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
— /usr{\bf{/lib}} & 52-bit libraries \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
— /usr{\bf{/lib64}} & 64-bit libraries \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 0)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{/etc}} & (Extended Text Configurations) Configuration files \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
— /etc{\bf{/passwd}} & User account config files \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
— /etc{\bf{/group}} & Group membership info \& config files \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
— /etc{\bf{/shadow}} & User password info \& config files \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Important Directories \& Files (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
— /etc{\bf{/sudoers}} & Main file for sudo config \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
— /etc{\bf{/sudoers.d/}} & Destination for sudo config "dropping files" \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
— /etc{\bf{/login.defs}} & Defines default properties used for new user accounts \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.28 cm} x{4.72 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{`vim` Editor Controls}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}{\bf{-{}-{}- Command Mode -{}-{}-}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{o}} & Starts new line {\bf{and}} switches to Insert mode \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{cw}} & "Change word" - deletes word {\bf{and}} switches to Insert mode \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{G}} & Go to end of file \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{dd}} & Delete {\bf{or cut}} entire line \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{yy}} & Copy entire line \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{p}} & Paste copied text \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{x}} & Delete character cursor is on top of \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{dw}} & Delete word cursor is on top of \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{d\$}} & Delete from cursor to end of line \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ZZ}} & Save \& quit (existing files) \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}{\bf{-{}-{}- Extended Command Mode -{}-{}-}}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{:w}} {\emph{filename}} & Save (new files) \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{:wq}} & Save \& quit (existing files) \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Misc. Commands}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{rowspan=4\}\}`{\bf{date}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Displaying, setting, \seqsplit{calculating..}.\{\{nl\}\}basically all things date-related & \{\{width=80\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{+\%F}}` & display current date in \seqsplit{international} format (YYYY-mm-dd) \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{+\%R}}` & display current time (24-hr clock) \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{+\%s}}` & display \# of seconds since epoch \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}\{\{rowspan=5\}\}`{\bf{ssh}} {\emph{user{\bf{}}@}}{\emph{ip.addr}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Start ssh connection &  \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-v}}` & verbose; shows in detail what's happening while establishing connection \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Misc. Commands (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-Y}}` & enables graphical application support \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{-p}} {\emph{port\#}}` & connect to ssh service not listening on default port 22 \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \{\{nobreak\}\}`{\bf{-i}} {\emph{keyfile}}` & reads private key from identity file for public key \seqsplit{authentication} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
`{\bf{echo}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Creates output (equivalent of `print` in Python) &  \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`{\bf{tmux}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Split terminal window into 4 separate panes\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{{\emph{(I think)}}}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 7)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
`{\bf{ps -au}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Show current processes \& which user started them &  \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Basic File/Directory Commands}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{rowspan=5\}\}`{\bf{ls}} {\emph{dir1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}List contents of dir1 &  \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{-l}}` & additional info (owner, perms, etc.) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-a}}` & lists all, including hidden files \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{-i}}` & adds file inode to info displayed \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-d}}` & info for directory itself (rather than its contents) \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{rowspan=3\}\}`{\bf{mkdir}} {\emph{dir1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Create a new directory &  \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-p}}` & creates full path (multiple directories if needed) \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{-v}}` & verbose (output shows action taken) \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{rowspan=3\}\}`{\bf{cp}} {\emph{dir1 dir2}}` &  & \{\{colspan=2\}\}Copy dir1 into dir2 \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Basic File/Directory Commands (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-r}}` & recursively ("and its contents") \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 0)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{rowspan=3\}\}`{\bf{rm}} {\emph{dir1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Removes (deletes) an empty directory &  \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{-r}}` & recursively ("and it's contents"), including special files \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 0)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{rowspan=3\}\}`{\bf{mv}} {\emph{file1}} {\emph{dir1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Move file1 into dir1 &  \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-v}}` & verbose (output shows action taken) \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 0)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}\{\{rowspan=2\}\}`{\bf{ln}} {\emph{target}} {\emph{link}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Creates a hard link from file "link" to file "target" &  \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 6)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{-s}}` & makes a symbolic link instead of a hard link \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.356 cm} x{2.66 cm} x{2.584 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Users \& Groups}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{{\emph{Command}}}} & {\bf{{\emph{Options}}}} & \{\{width=60\}\}{\bf{{\emph{What It Does}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`{\bf{id}} {\emph{user1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Show UID, GID, \& secondary groups\{\{nl\}\}(current user if not specified) &  \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`{\bf{getent passwd}} {\emph{usr1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Find out if usr1 is known to the system &  \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{rowspan=2\}\}`{\bf{useradd}} {\emph{user1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Add a new user &  \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-u}} {\emph{\#}}` & set a specific UID \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \{\{nobreak\}\}`{\bf{-s /sbin/nologin}}` & create a user without a login shell \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{rowspan=6\}\}`{\bf{usermod}} {\emph{user1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Change properties of existing user &  \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{-c "}}{\emph{text{\bf{}}"}}` & adds text to comment field \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-g}} {\emph{group1}}` & changes {\bf{primary group}} to group1 \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.356 cm} x{2.66 cm} x{2.584 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Users \& Groups (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-G}} {\emph{group1}}` & {\bf{replaces}} \seqsplit{supplementary} group with group1 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{-aG}} {\emph{group1}}` & {\bf{appends}} group1 to \seqsplit{supplementary} groups \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-L}} {\emph{user1}}` & locks user1's account (instead of deleting) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
`{\bf{newgrp}} {\emph{group1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Change current user's primary group\{\{nl\}\}({\bf{temporary}}; current session only) &  \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 7)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{rowspan=2\}\}`{\bf{userdel}} {\emph{user1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Deletes user1 but {\bf{not}} their home directory &  \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{-r}}` & deletes both user {\bf{and}} home directory \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`{\bf{groups}} {\emph{user1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Displays simple list of groups user1 is a member of &  \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.356 cm} x{2.66 cm} x{2.584 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Users \& Groups (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`{\bf{passwd}} {\emph{user1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Set password for user1 &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{rowspan=7\}\}`{\bf{chage}} {\emph{user1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Change password aging properties for user &  \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-m}} {\emph{days}}` & minimum \# of days between password changes \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{-M}} {\emph{days}}` & maximum \# of days between password changes \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-W}} {\emph{days}}` & warning period before password expires \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{-I}} {\emph{days}}` & inactivity period (password usable after expiration) \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-d 0}}` & require password change on next login \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{-E}} {\emph{date}}` & date when {\bf{account}} expires \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`{\bf{getent group}} {\emph{grp1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Find out if grp1 is known to the system &  \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.356 cm} x{2.66 cm} x{2.584 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Users \& Groups (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{rowspan=3\}\}`{\bf{groupadd}} {\emph{group1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Create a new group &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
 & `{\bf{-g}} {\emph{\#}}` & set a specific GID \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-r}}` & create a {\bf{system}} group \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{rowspan=2\}\}`{\bf{groupmod}} {\emph{group1}}` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{colspan=2\}\}Change properties of existing group &  \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & `{\bf{-g}} {\emph{\#}}` & change GID to specified number \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{To set the number of days from today when user's {\bf{account}} expires: \newline `{\bf{chage -E \$(date +}}{\emph{days}} {\bf{\%Y-\%m-\%d)}}` \newline  \newline To give full admin privileges to a user or group: \newline `{\bf{echo "}}{[}{\emph{user1}}|{\bf{\%}}{\emph{group1}}{]} {\bf{ALL=(ALL) ALL" \textgreater{}\textgreater{} /etc/sudoers.d/}}{\emph{name}}`}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}