\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{taliam44}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (bio-test-3.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (taliam44)
  /Subject (Bio test 3 Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
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\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
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\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
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\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{378DA3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F2F7F9}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Bio test 3 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{taliam44} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/125944/cs/25047/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}taliam44 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/taliam44} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 3rd November, 2020.\\
   Updated 3rd November, 2020.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2 cm} x{6 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fill in phases of cell cycle}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
G\textasciicircum{}0\textasciicircum{} & most cells that will no longer divide \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
G\textasciicircum{}1\textasciicircum{} phase & restriction point \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
S phase & chromosomes duplicate \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
prophase & mitotic spindle begin to form \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
prophase & chromosomes become visible \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
pro metaphase & kinetochore-microtubule interactions move chromosomes to midline \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
metaphase & chromosomes line up at central plate \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
anaphase & sister chromosome separate and chromosomes move apart \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
telophase & nuclear membranes form around separated chromosomes \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{cytokinesis} & cell plate forms or cleavage furrow pinches cells apart \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.04 cm} x{2.128 cm} x{2.432 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Probabilities of Genotype (example)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Cross}} & {\bf{Offspring}} & {\bf{Probability}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{AAbb}} X {\emph{AaBb}} & {\emph{AAbb}} & 1/4 \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{AaBB}} X {\emph{AaBb}} & {\emph{aaBB}} & 1/8 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{AABbcc}} X {\emph{aabbCC}} & {\emph{AaBbCc}} & 1/2 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{AaBbCc}} X {\emph{AaBbcc}} & {\emph{aabbcc}} & 1/32 \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.748 cm} x{1.976 cm} x{3.876 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blood Groups of Man who could {\emph{not}} be the father}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Child}} & {\bf{Mother}} & {\bf{Man}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
AB & A & no groups exonerated \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
O & B & A or O \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
A & AB & A or O \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
O & O & AB only \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
B & A & B or O \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.76 cm} x{6.24 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Steps of transcription}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Initiation} & Transcription factors bind to promoter and facilitate the binding of RNA polymerase II, forming a transcription initiation complex; RNA polymerase II separates DNA strands and RNA synthesis begins at the start point. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Elongation} & RNA polymerase II moves along the DNA strand, connecting RNA nucleotides that have paired to the DNA template to the 3' end of the growing RNA strand \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Termination} & After polymerase transcribes past a polyadenylation signal sequence, the pre-mRNA is cut a released. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2 cm} x{6 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Phases of cell cycle}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Interphase} & 90\% of cell cycle; growth and DNA replication \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
G1 phase & Chromosome consists of a long thin chromatin fiber made of DNA and associated proteins; growth and metabolic activities occur. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
S phase & Synthesis of DNA. Chromosome is duplicated; two exact copies (sister chromatids) are produced and held together tightly at their centromeres and by cohesions along with their length; growth and metabolic activities continue. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
G2 phase & Growth and metabolism continue \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Mitotic phase & Cell division occurs \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Prophase & The sister chromatids, held together by sister chromatid cohesion, become coiled and tightly condensed. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Prometaphase} & Kinetochore fibers from opposite ends of the mitotic spindle attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids; the chromosomes move towards midline. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 6)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Metaphase & The centromere of the chromosome is aligned at the metaphase plate along with the centromeres of the other chromosomes. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2 cm} x{6 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Phases of cell cycle (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Anaphase & Cohesins are cleaved and the sister chromatids separate (now considered individual chromosomes) and move to opposite poles of the cell. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Telophase & Chromatin fiber of the chromosome uncoils and is surrounded by reforming nuclear membrane. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.672 cm} x{2.964 cm} x{2.964 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Processes of transcription and translation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Transcription}} & {\bf{Translation}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Template} & DNA & RNA \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Location} & nucleus (cytoplasm in prokaryotes) & cytoplasm; ribosomes can be free or attached to ER \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Molecules} \seqsplit{involved} & RNA nucleotides, DNA template strand, RNA polymerase, transcription factors & amino acids, tRNA, mRNA, ribosomes, ATP, GTP, enzymes, initiation, elongation, and release factors. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Enzymes \seqsplit{involved} & RNA polymerase, spliceosomes & \seqsplit{aminoacytl-tRNA} synthetase, ribosomal enzymes (ribozymes) \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Control-} start and stop & transcription factors locate promoter region with TATA box and start point, \seqsplit{polyadenylation} signal sequence to stop & initiation factors, initiation sequence (AUG), stop codons, release factor \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 8)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Product & primary transcript (pre-mRNA) & polypeptide \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Product \seqsplit{processing} & RNA processing: 5' cap and poly-A tail, splicing of pre-mRNA, introns removed by spliceosomes. & spontaneous folding, disulfide bridges, signal peptide removed, cleaving, quaternary structure, modification with sugars, etc. \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{Eukaryotes*}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.84 cm} x{6.16 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key events of meiosis}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Interphase} & Chromosome duplication; sister chromatids attached at centromere and by sister chromatids cohesion along their lengths. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Prophase I & Chromosomes condense. Synapsis of homologous pairs (held by synaptonemal complex); crossing over (exchange of corresponding DNA segments) is evident at chiasmata. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Metaphase} I & Homologous pairs line up independently at metaphase plate (orientation of maternal and paternal homologs is random). \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Anaphase I & Homologous pairs of chromosomes separate and homologs move toward opposite poles; sister chromosomes remain attached at centromere. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Metaphase} II & Haploid set of chromosomes, each consisting of 2 sister chromatids, aligns at metaphase plate; sister chromatids not identical due to crossing over. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Anaphase II & Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles as individual chromosomes. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Levels of metaphase chromosome packing}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1. Nucleosomes (10-nm fiber of nucleosomes and linker DNA)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{2. 30-nm fiber} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{3. Looped domains (300-nm fiber)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{4. coiling and folding of looped domains into highly condenses metaphase chromosome.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.268 cm} x{3.572 cm} p{0.76 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DNA sequence info}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Types of DNA}} & {\bf{Description}} & {\bf{\%}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Exons or rRNA/t-RNA coding & Protein and RNA coding sequences & 1.5 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Introns & noncoding sequences with genes & 20 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Regulatory sequences & enhancers, promoters, and other such sequences & 5 \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Transposable elements and related sequences & multiple copies of mostly movable sequences & 44 \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{Alu}} elements & family of short sequences related to transposable elements & 10 \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
L1 sequences & retrotransposons found in introns of most genes & 17 \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Unique noncoding DNA & gene fragments and psuedogenes & 15 \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Large-segment duplications & multiple copies of large sequences & 5-6 \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Simple sequence DNA & DNA centromeres and telomeres, also STRs & 3 \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}