\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Taalithaa (Taalithaa)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (psychology-research-methods-2.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Taalithaa (Taalithaa))
  /Subject (Psychology - Research methods 2 Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{82A39F}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F7F9F9}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Psychology - Research methods 2 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Taalithaa (Taalithaa)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/183017/cs/40304/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Taalithaa (Taalithaa) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/taalithaa} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 3rd October, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Self report techniques}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Self report techniques}} \{\{ac\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Self report techniques are methods in which data is collected by the reporter giving information about their thoughts and feeling to the researcher \{\{ac\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{There are two types of report methods… \{\{nl\}\} 1. Questionnaires \{\{nl\}\} 2. Interviews} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Questionnaires}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
open ended questions & open ended questions are questions in which the participant can provide their own answer rather than selecting one of a few predetermined answers. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{advantages}} \{\{ac\}\} & {\bf{disadvantages}} \{\{ac\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- an advantage of using open ended questions is that they allow the respondent to expand on their answer rather than just selecting one of the predetermined answers - this allows them to give more context & - a disadvantage of open ended questions is that they are harder to summarise and analyse to draw a conclusion. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 11)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
- an advantage of of using open ended questions is that it may provide unexpected insights that researchers were not expecting & - a disadvantage of open ended questionnaires is that in reality most responders do not want to write lengthy answers \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Closed questions & close questions are questions were the respondent has to select an answer from a set of predetermined answers \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Questionnaires (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{advantages}} \{\{ac\}\} & {\bf{disadvantages}} \{\{ac\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
- an advantage of using closed questions is that they produce quantitative questions that are easier to summaries and draw conclusions and means & - a disadvantage of using closed questions is that they may force respondents to select answers that are not reflective of their true feelings/ emotions/ or behaviours- this means that the results lack validity \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 11)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & - a disadvantage of using closed questions is that respondents may have a preference for selecting a specific answer - this means that the results are not accurate \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 9)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Designing a Questionnaire}} \{\{ac\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Clarity & - when designing an interview the questions should be clear - they should not have ambiguity, double negatives or double barrelled questions. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Questionnaires (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Bias & - researcher must minimise the impact of interviewer bias - this is when the body language or tone of voice of the interviewer leads the respondent to answer in a particular way. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interviews}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Interview & - am interview is a self report method of collecting data which includes real time interactions with participants. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{There are two types of interviews...}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Structured interview \{\{ac\}\} & Unstructured interviews \{\{ac\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
- a structured interview has predetermined questions and there is no deviation from the original questions. & - in an unstructured interview new questions are developed during the course of the interviews. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Strength}} \{\{ac\}\} & {\bf{Strength}} \{\{ac\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
- can be easily repeated because the questions are standardised - this means that answers from different people can be compared \{\{nl\}\} - easier to analyse that an unstructured interview because the answers are more predictable & - more detailed data can be collected because the interviewer tailors questions to the interviewees specific responses. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 12)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Weakness}} \{\{ac\}\} & {\bf{Weakness}} \{\{ac\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
- comparability may be a problem if the same interviewer behaves different;ly on different occasions \{\{nl\}\} - the interviewers expectations may influence the interviewees answer - investigator bias & unstructured interviews require interviewers with more skill because the interviewer has to develop new questions on the spot. this means that it is more expensive to hire the interviewer an therefore the procedure is more expensive.\{\{nl\}\} - such in depth questions may be more likely to lack objectivity because of their instantaneous nature with no time for the interviewer to reflect on what to say. \tn 
% Row Count 50 (+ 21)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interviews (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Designing an interview}} \{\{ac\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Recording an interview}} \{\{nl\}\} - interviewer may take notes while the interviewee is responding - however this is likely t interfere with their listening skills and the respodant may feel as though they are not being listened to \{\{nl\}\} interviews may be audio recorded or video recorded} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 6)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{The effect of the interviewer}} \{\{nl\}\} - the interviewers need to show interest in what the interviewee is saying this includes.... \{\{nl\}\} - nonverbal communication - such as sitting with your arms crossed may show disapproval whereas head nodding and leaning froward may encourage the interviewee.\{\{nl\}\} - listening skills - an interviewer needs to know when and how to speak such as they should not interrupt too often and have a range of encouraging phrases to show interest.} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 10)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}