\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Suzie C Dixon (suzie22dixon)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (radio-a-level-media-studies.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Suzie C Dixon (suzie22dixon))
  /Subject (RADIO - A LEVEL MEDIA STUDIES Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{E3A436}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{FDF9F2}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{RADIO - A LEVEL MEDIA STUDIES Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Suzie C Dixon (suzie22dixon)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/212965/cs/46378/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Suzie C Dixon (suzie22dixon) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/suzie22dixon} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 18th May, 2025.\\
   Updated 18th May, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HISTORY}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- radio is one of the oldest forms of media} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- BBC (British broadcasting company) was established in 1922 and became British broadcasting {\bf{corporatioin}} as a public corporation in 1927} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- John Reith was the first General Manager} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- BBC has always been not-for-profit and any money made goes back into making programmes} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Reith's vision for the BBC: Broadcasting must be a public service and should not solely be for entertainment purposes. it should represent "all that is best in every department for human knowledge, endeavour and achievement."} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- independent of government control and receives government funding under the license fee} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- has to operate under agreements with government} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RADIO TIMES}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{First published 1923} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Listed the new radio programmes on offer} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Important for this new technology - told people how and when to use their radio} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Still published today} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PIRATE RADIO 1960s}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Radio Caroline was an illegal station playing pop music} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Broadcast from a ship to escape licensing laws} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Protesting the control of the BBC} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{It was made illegal to listen to pirate radio} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- but the BBC still lost loads of listeners} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BBC RADIO}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{After losing listeners to pirate radio, the BBC organised to attempt to get listeners back} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Radio 1, 2, 3 and 4 established 1967} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{With the introduction of digital radio, even more were added} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Each station has a distinct brand and audience:} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{RADIO 1}}: entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with a distinctive mix of contemporary music and speech. Its target audience is {\emph{15-29 year olds}} and should provide some things for younger teenagers} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{RADIO 2}}: distinctive,, mixed music and speech service, targeted at a broad audience. Appeals to all age groups {\emph{over 35}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{RADIO 3}}: mix of music and cultural programming in order to entertain and engage its audience. Around its core proposition of classical music, its speech-based programming should inform and educate about music and culture. It should feature Jazz, world music, drama, the arts and religious programming. should appeal to listeners of {\emph{any age seeking to expand their cultural horizons through engagement with the world of music and arts}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 9)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{RADIO 4}}: mixed speech service, offering in-depth news and current affairs. Including drama, reading, comedy, factual and magazine programmes. Should appeal to listeners {\emph{seeking intelligent programs with inform, educate and entertain. its {\bf{average}} age is 56, bu it's constantly evolving to attract the next generation of listeners}}} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CURRAN AND SEATON - woman's hour}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{the media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by the logic of {\bf{profit and power}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{media concentration generally limits or inhibits variety, creativity and quality} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{more socially diverse patterns of ownership help to create the conditions for more varied and adventurous media productions.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{The media is controlled by a small number of companies}} - this applies best to conglomerates} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{BUT..} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The BBC is a large player in the UK media industry} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{They own a large number of national and regional radio stations} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Some people think the BBC has an unfair advantage because of how it is funded} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The BBC is not a large conglomerate} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{SO... Not driven by profit – as a public service broadcaster they do not make a profit} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The BBC has power through established history and reputation of quality.} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{But their power is limited by… income from the license fee, being held to account over delivering their remit and now by competition} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 0)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Woman's Hour offers; Variety, Creativity, Quality}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{covers a broad range of topics; including menopause, female pioneers in animation the nurse's strike, ADHD in women, and popular culture} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Focus on women and a female-centric angle differs from most radio shows / podcasts} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CURRAN AND SEATON - woman's hour (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Imaginative way shows are conceived of and put together} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Less obvious or niche topics covered – finding subjects other radio is not covering} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{prestige of presenters Anita Rani and Emma Barnett} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{high production values} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HESMONDHALGH woman's hour}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cultural industry companies try to minimise risk and maximise audiences} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{They do this by formatting their cultural products} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Largest companies/conglomerates now operate across a number of different cultural industries} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 0)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Woman's Hour is somewhat risky}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{'Niche' audience} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Broadcast outside of peak audience times} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Often non-mainstream subject matter} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Rather than an attempt to maximise audiences, we could see it as an attempt to appeal to diverse audiences} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Because of the BBC remit they have to do this} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{BUT}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Star power of presenters and guests} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The 'format' of the show is relatively fixed – this hasn't substantially changed over the years} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The BBC does operate in different areas of media – TV, radio, online, publishing etc,} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Conglomerates often aim for {\emph{synergy}}: one product made by the company promotes another} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Not so much the BBC BUT...} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Some BBC products do have official merchandise} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- And some BBC formats are sold internationally} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-And they increasingly supplement TV shows with podcasts} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{WOMANS HOUR - intro}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Woman's Hour is a magazine programme} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Split into segments, like articles in a magazine} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Usually includes interviews with a range of different guests} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{But also sometimes music, phone-ins, etc.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Case Study 1:}} \seqsplit{https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m001pmnw}  Ellen White, How to ask for a pay rise, astronaut Christina Koch, Morning-after pill Released On: 18 Aug 2023} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Case Study 2:}} \seqsplit{https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m0012fw9}  Fridge Girl, Gen Z, bell hooks Released On: 17 Dec 2021} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Womans hour case study 1}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Does it fulfil the remit? - Yes} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Entertain} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Inform - Astronaut Christina Koch} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Educate - how to ask for a pay rise} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Womans hour case study 2}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Does it fulfill the remit? - yes} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Inform - Gen z} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Educate - bell hooks} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{entertain - fridge girl} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Womans hour audiences}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Hall's Reception Theory}} \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Dominant/hegemonic reading}}: the reading or 'position' that the producers want the audience to have. the audience accepts the message the producers intended to convey. \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Negotiated reading:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Womans hour audiences}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Hall's Reception Theory}} \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Dominant/hegemonic reading}}: the reading or 'position' that the producers want the audience to have. the audience accepts the message the producers intended to convey. \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Negotiated reading}}: the viewer can see the intended message of the text, and adopts some aspects of it, and combines them with their own thoughts and views, thereby making it 'negotiated' \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Oppositional reading}}: the viewer completely rejects the intended message and instead proposes a new, resistant reading. This will depend their own views, beliefs and experiences.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{When the show first came on air, more women would have been 'housewives' – so more able to have the radio on} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Now older, retired audiences might tune in} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Or stay-at-home parents} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{But today many younger women will be unable to listen because they are at work (Although some people might be able to listen whilst at work or working from home)} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Woman's Hour is also available as;}} A podcast - downloadable from the BBC website, Spotify, Apple Store etc. Through BBC Sounds online platform and app} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Users can subscribe to be automatically updated on new episodes} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{There is also a round-up of highlights broadcast on Saturday at 4pm – Weekend Woman's Hour} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{END OF AUDIENCE - CLAY SHIRKY}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{the Internet and digital technologies have had a profound effect on the relations between media and individuals.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{the idea of audience members as passive consumers of mass media content is no longer tenable} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{media consumers have now become producers who 'speak back to' the media in various ways, as well as creating and sharing content with one another.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Shirky said that the internet allows audiences to talk back to producers and communicate with each other} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Listeners can contact the show to… have their say on what's being broadcast and suggest a subject} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Listeners can share thoughts with others using the Twitter hashtag – \#womanshour} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{This might be positive or negative} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CONVERGANCE - HENRY JENKINS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Technological convergence}}: Technology that that once needed separate systems is now gathered together in one digital device. However, also means that technology can be accessed across a range of platforms/devices.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{TC: production}} \{\{nl\}\} - Production is cheaper and easier \{\{nl\}\} - Radio is not just broadcast live as an FM or LW analogue signal \{\{nl\}\} - Is now also streamed digitally to the internet \{\{nl\}\} - Shows can now be carefully archived so none are lost} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ TC: distribution}} \{\{nl\}\} - Distribution was once only through live broadcast and needed a radio set. \{\{nl\}\} - Initially large and expensive - a piece of furniture limited to one room in the house \{\{nl\}\} - Then cheaper and more portable \{\{nl\}\} BUT NOW \{\{nl\}\} anything with an internet connection can access radio - phones, computers, TV} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{TC: circulation}} \{\{nl\}\} - Radio programmes can be circulated long after the original broadcast. \{\{nl\}\} - Podcasts and streaming mean episodes remain available \{\{nl\}\} - The BBC website has Woman's Hour podcasts going back 3 years \{\{nl\}\} Selected older episodes can be accessed too} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Cultural convergence}}: Digital technology has democratised the radio / podcast world. Anyone can access the means of media production because the cost is low and the skills needed are low (in comparison to pre-digital). In the past only those with a license to broadcast radio were able to produce, distribute and circulate programmes. Now, anyone can make a podcast and put it on the internet and promote it themselves.} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CONVERGANCE - HENRY JENKINS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{This changes the type of media made, and who makes it. Anyone can make a podcast, not just a radio specialist.  Spoken word podcasts are easier to make and do not have issues of copyright (no music royalties).} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Podcasts have made Radio 4 more popular  Lots of Radio 4 shows could be adapted quickly and easily into a podcast.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{However, there is lots of competition as many podcasts are not made by the BBC} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 0)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Why target younger audiences?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Less likely to listen to radio} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Used to 'on-demand' access} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Busy!} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{May feel that radio doesn't represent them} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Womans hour regulation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{OFCOM}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Radio must protect children under 15 from hearing unsuitable content E.g. drug references, violence, sexual content, strong language, offensive material} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{9pm watershed after which adult material can be broadcast - {\bf{This only applies to TV}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{On radio, broadcasters must be aware of when children might be listening \{\{nl\}\} EG. School times, weekends, holidays, type of radio station, target audience etc.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Broadcasters also have to protect all listeners from harm and offence} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{This covers similar areas to protecting children - but also discriminatory content, and regulations on competitions and voting} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Broadcasters can be fined if they fail to do this}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{E.g. the BBC were fined after offensive voicemail messages were broadcast on Russell Brand's radio show in 2009Woman's Hour is unlikely to be heard by children Daytime slot during school term – children should be at school} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 5)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Woman's Hour is unlikely to be heard by children Daytime slot during school term – children should be at school} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Children are unlikely to seek out Radio 4 – not the target audience} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The material could potentially still cause offence ... so ...The BBC would have to weigh this against the value of the show} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Womans hour regulation (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Podcasts and streamed radio shows can potentially be listened to at any time, and by anyone ... so ... So Ofcom's usual rules and regulations don't really apply} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 0)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The BBC often releases podcast versions of broadcast shows If it's broadcast on radio, it's subject to Ofcom regulation If it's only a podcast, accessed on-demand, it is not regulated by Ofcom. \{\{nl\}\} - because Woman's Hour is broadcast first, and then released as a podcast ... listeners could only complain to Ofcom about the original broadcast} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 8)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Some platforms have their own rules E.g. iTunes requires podcasts to be marked as explicit if they have swearing or 'adult content'} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{woman's hour additional segment}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Is the orgasms segment offensive?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{It covers important topics such as challenging taboos around women's sexuality} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Academics and experts discuss the issue} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Covering the BBC remit to educate, entertain and inform} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{No strong language – only accurate, medical terms are used} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{So they could counter any complaints by saying that the wider aims and values of the show are more important than any one listener taking offence} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{OVERALL generally would not be considered offensive} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}