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  /Title (dimensions-of-globalization.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
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  /Subject (Dimensions of Globalization Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Dimensions of Globalization Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{sushiii} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/60550/cs/33177/}}}
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  \vspace{-2pt}sushiii \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/sushiii} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 15th July, 2022.\\
   Updated 15th July, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Dimensions of Globalization}}  \tn
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{\bf{Globalization}} & {\bf{Economic Globalization}} & {\bf{Political Globalization}} \tn 
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process of expansions and growing linkages at the global level. Involves forces such as: \{\{nl\}\} - people/labor \{\{nl\}\}- \seqsplit{objects/wealth} \& resources \{\{nl\}\}- knowledge/ culture\{\{nl\}\}- information \& tech\{\{nl\}\}- social structures (economic and political \seqsplit{institutions)} & {\bf{Principal Actor: Market}}\{\{nl\}\} {\emph{a) Trade}}- exchange of goods and services\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{b) Capital Flows}}- \seqsplit{international} movement of money for investment or business production process\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{c) Labor Migration}}- mobilization of labor across \seqsplit{international} borders\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Integration of economies may be influenced by politics as political entities control \& manage economic forces}} & - Coming together to make decisions/policies\{\{nl\}\}- Alliances for int'l cooperation \& developments\{\{nl\}\}- Global movements for \seqsplit{organizations} in other countries\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Example: Rice \seqsplit{Tariffication} Law}}\{\{nl\}\}- Removed restrictions on rice imports\{\{nl\}\}- Lower tariffs\{\{nl\}\}-Decline of price \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{For example, the US war against Iraq in 1991 and 2003 certainly had an economic motivation; perhaps to gain more control over Iraq's oil.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{- Intercontinental trading routes for silk \& spices in the early centuries} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{{\bf{1st Century}}- Silk \& spices b/w Asia \& Europe\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{15th Century}}- trading widened with {\emph{Scientific Revolution}} with discoveries in the fileds of astronomy, mechanics, physics, and shipping.\{\{nl\}\}- Led to discovery of the Americas by Columbus and aided Magellan's circumnavigation which ended pre-Colombian Civilizations\{\{nl\}\}- Connected East to the West; opened roads to spice islands and other supply of goods \& resources \{\{nl\}\}\{\{nl\}\}} \tn 
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{\bf{1st Wave (1860-1914)}} & {\bf{Second wave (1946- Present)}} & {\bf{Third wave (1989- Present)}} \tn 
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- {\bf{British Industrial Revolution}} - gave birth to {\emph{twin engine of global trade}}\{\{nl\}\}1) Innovation of industrial machines to make iron, textiles, \& manufactured goods\{\{nl\}\}2) {\emph{Steam Engine}}- steamships and trains that allowed transport of goods & - Second Industrial Revolution (cars \& planes) \{\{nl\}\}  \{\{nl\}\} Institutions like the European union \& other trade channels backed by the USA increased \seqsplit{international} trade & - Gave rise to the internet \{\{nl\}\} - Global exports rose to about a quarter of global GDP in the 2000s \{\{nl\}\} - {\emph{Trade}}, which is the sum of imports \& exports, grew about half of the world GDP\{\{nl\}\}- In some countries, like Singapore, Belgium, and others, trade is worth much more than 100\% of GDP.\{\{nl\}\} \{\{nl\}\}In this {\emph{"global age"}}, the US sets the tone and leads the way. \tn 
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{\bf{World Wars (1914-1945)}} & {\bf{World Trade Org}} &  \tn 
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{\emph{World War I (1914-1918)}} ended \seqsplit{globalization} adn reign of high societies in the West- war replaced trade, civilians died, \seqsplit{infrastructures} destroyed, countries closed borders, financial markets collapsed. \{\{nl\}\}  \{\{nl\}\}  {\emph{World War II (1939-1945)}} - trade as a percentage of world's GDP fell to 5\% - a level not seen in more than a hundred years. & - Encouraged \seqsplit{international} \seqsplit{organizations} to enter free-trade agreements. Trade once again rose to 1914 levels, and in 1989, export once again counted for 14\% of the global GDP.  \{\{nl\}\}  \{\{nl\}\} With the collapse of the Soviet Union \& the wall dividing the East \& West, \seqsplit{globalization} became an \seqsplit{all-conquering} force. &  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{4}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Theories of Globalization (Nature \& Purpose)}}  \tn
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{\bf{1. Liberalism}} & {\bf{2. Political Realism}} & {\bf{3. Constructivism}} & {\bf{4. Marxism}} \tn 
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- Human beings haave a natural desire to exercise their basic freedomes \& maximize their material \seqsplit{well-being}.\{\{nl\}\}- Political liberties \& economic welfare like:\{\{nl\}\}1) \seqsplit{Technological} \seqsplit{development-} \seqsplit{especially} \seqsplit{communication} \& transportation\{\{nl\}\}2) Legal and \seqsplit{Institutional} \seqsplit{undertakings} to enable the \seqsplit{liberalization} of markets\{\{nl\}\}\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Globalization as an extension of modernization}} \{\{nl\}\} - Promote the necessity of \seqsplit{institutional} \seqsplit{structures} \& \seqsplit{standardization} of processes & - The state as the principal actor of \seqsplit{globalization} \{\{nl\}\}- Believe that states are innately \seqsplit{self-serving}, thus \seqsplit{competition} for power is \seqsplit{inevitable}.\{\{nl\}\}- Existence of a dominant state is \seqsplit{neccessary} in bringing stability to world order.\{\{nl\}\}- \seqsplit{Competition} among \seqsplit{power-hungry} states generates global \seqsplit{relations.} \{\{nl\}\} \{\{nl\}\} \seqsplit{Globalization} is used by major states like China, Japan, Great Britain, and USA & - {\emph{Apolitical Tendecy}}: \seqsplit{concentrate} on people's mental \seqsplit{construction} of the social world.\{\{nl\}\}- Believes that one's personal \seqsplit{perception} \& symbolic exchanges w/others help them construct ideas of the world, \seqsplit{belongingness} in the world, and the rules for social \seqsplit{interaction}.\{\{nl\}\}- \seqsplit{Globalization} as a result of people's \seqsplit{individual} \seqsplit{consciousness} \& \seqsplit{inter-subjective} \seqsplit{communications}.\{\{nl\}\}\{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Constructivists perceive \seqsplit{themselves} as citizens of a \seqsplit{particular} world.}} & "Capital by its nature drives beyond every spatial barrier to conquer the whole earth for its market".\{\{nl\}\}\{\{nl\}\}It results to a \seqsplit{profit-oriented} system that seeks unceasing expansion.\{\{nl\}\}\{\{nl\}\}- Conquer earth for its market; \seqsplit{capitalist} \seqsplit{exploitation} \tn 
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