\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{surendraa}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (ruby-strings.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (surendraa)
  /Subject (Ruby strings Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A39C3C}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F9F8F2}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Ruby strings Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{surendraa} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/58005/cs/15353/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}surendraa \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/surendraa} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 3rd April, 2018.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Representation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{'string literal in single quote'} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{"escaped string \textbackslash{}t \textbackslash{}n"} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\%q{[}a string{]} & single quoted string \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\%Q{[}escaped \textbackslash{}t{]} & double quoted string \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textless{}\textless{}EOF \{\{multiline string\}\} EOF & double quoted string \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\textless{}\textless{}'EOF' \{\{multiline string\}\} EOF & single quoted string \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textless{}\textless{}-EOF \{\{multiline string\}\} EOF & preserve line indentation \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\textless{}\textless{}EOF.\#\{method\} \{\{multiline string\}\} EOF & method is defined as a String instance method \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textless{}\textless{}eof str1 \#\{eof2\} str2 eof & here doc can be nested \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Length}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{s.length, s.size} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.38896 cm} x{2.58804 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Iterate Line, Byte, Char}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
each\_char & \{|char| puts char\} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
each\_line & \{|line| puts line\} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
each\_byte & \{|byte| puts byte\} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{each\_line.with\_index} & \{|line, index| puts line, index\} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
s.scan(/./) \{|char| puts char\} & . matches a char \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Specialized string comparison}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
alias old\_compare \textless{}=\textgreater{} & * use the old\_compare in the new \textless{}=\textgreater{} method \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{redefine == method} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Redefine \textless{}=\textgreater{} method under String class} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Tokenize}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
s1 = "It was a dark"; s1.split & \# {[}"It", "was", "dark"{]} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
s2.split(", ") & use a string \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
s3.split(/ and /) & use regex \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{s = "alpha,beta,gamma,,"} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
s.split(",",4) & \#{[}"alpha", "beta", "gamma", ","{]} - rest of the string \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
s.split(",",-1) & {[}"alpha", "beta", "gamma", "", ""{]} - empty matches \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Format a string}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.23965 cm} x{2.73735 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Scan a string}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
s ="a,a,a"; s.scan("a") & =\textgreater{} {[}"a", "a", "a"{]} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
s.scan(/\textbackslash{}w+/) & regex or string \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
str.scan(/\textbackslash{}w+/) \{|x| puts x \} & each scan result is passed to the block \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt\}\} StringScanner & \{\{bt\}\} require 'strscan' \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ss = \seqsplit{StringScanner.new(str)} & str = "Watch how I soar!" \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
ss.bol? & beginning of line \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ss.eos? & end of string \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
ss.pos, ss.pos= & query or set current position \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ss.match, ss.matched?, ss.matched & check if a match exists at pos \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
ss.pre\_match, ss.post\_match & check a pre or post match - only if matched? \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ss.rest, ss.rest? & get the rest of the string \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
ss.reset, ss.terminate & move to beginning or end \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ss.scan, ss.unscan & scan and unscan \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
ss.exist? & check if a substring exits in the rest \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{StringScanner acts like a file pointer - it forwards the pointer when there is a match, thus allowing for multiple scan capabilities on the same string. \newline * ususally methods ending with ? returns boolean}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.54287 cm} x{3.43413 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sub strings}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
s{[}7,4{]} & start index, length \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
s{[}-3,3{]} & index from end (end is -1), length \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
s{[}8..13{]} & index range \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
s{[}/foo/{]}; s{[}"foo"{]} & regex or string \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
s{[}4{]} & single index \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
s{[}8..13{]}= & All above sub string look ups can also be used for assignment \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Substitute / replace a string}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
s.sub(pattern, replacement) & pattern - regex or string \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
s.sub(pattern) \{block\} & each match of the pattern is passed to the block \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{special symbols \textbackslash{}1, \textbackslash{}2 can be used in replacement string; gsub is a method which replaces all matches while sub does it only for first match \newline sub!, gsub! - inplace replacements}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.58804 cm} x{2.38896 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Search a string}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{s.index(string|regex)} =\textgreater{} int & \seqsplit{s.rindex(string|regex)} =\textgreater{} int \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{s.include?(string|regex)} =\textgreater{}bool & s.scan(str|reg) =\textgreater{} array \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ASCII and Char conversion}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
"A".ord =\textgreater{} 65 & 65.chr =\textgreater{} "A" \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{233.chr('UTF-8') =\textgreater{} "é"} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}