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% Document Info
\author{sunnyeve33}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (chapter-12-adaptive-immunity.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (sunnyeve33)
  /Subject (Chapter 12: Adaptive Immunity Cheat Sheet)
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Chapter 12: Adaptive Immunity Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{sunnyeve33} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/196378/cs/41256/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}sunnyeve33 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/sunnyeve33} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 11th November, 2023.\\
   Updated 11th November, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interaction with Innate Immunity}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Adaptive immune responses closely interact with innate immune responses.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Host is considered immune compromised if any part of the innate or adaptive system is impaired.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Adaptive responses come into action when innate defenses fail.} \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Four Main Stages of Adaptive Immune Responses}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Antigen Presentation}}: Involves antigen-presenting cells (APCs) showing antigens to T cells.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Lymphocyte Activation}}: Lymphocytes are activated by cytokines} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Lymphocyte Proliferation and Differentiation}}: Leads to effector cells and memory cells.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Antigen Elimination and Memory}}: Cellular and humoral responses collaborate to eliminate the antigen.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{T Cell Differentiation}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{T cells can be classified into T cytotoxic cells (TC cells) and T helper cells (TH cells)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{T helper cells, especially CD4+ T cells, release cytokines and activate other immune cells.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{T helper cells can further differentiate into subclasses like TH1, TH2, and Treg cells} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MHC I and MHC II in Antigen Presentation}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{MHC I presents intracellular antigens on most body cells.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{MHC II, exclusive to APCs, presents extracellular antigens to T cells} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{MHC matching is crucial for tissue transplantation (allorecognition).} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Active vs. Passive Immunity}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Active immunity}} involves memory cell and antibody formation, obtained through infection or vaccines.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Passive immunity }} entails receiving antibodies without memory cell involvement, providing temporary protection.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Naturally acquired active}} and {\bf{ artificially acquired active immunity}} confer long-lasting protection, while {\bf{naturally acquired passive immunity}} provides only temporary protection.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Characteristics of Adaptive Immune Responses}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Take longer to mount (days to weeks) compared to innate responses.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Specific to a particular antigen and exhibit immunological memory.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Secondary exposure to the same antigen results in a rapid and effective response.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Production and Function of B and T Cells}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{B and T cells recognize a wide range of antigens} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{T cells originate in the bone marrow, mature in the thymus, and play roles in both cellular and humoral branches.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{B cells coordinate the humoral response by producing antibodies} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mature B and T cells mainly reside in lymphoid tissues.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{T Cytotoxic Cells}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{CD8+ T cytotoxic cells directly destroy infected or cancerous cells.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Roles in antigen elimination involve interferons, MHC I production enhancement, and inducing apoptosis in target cells.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Antibodies in Antigen Elimination}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Plasma cells secrete antibodies (immunoglobulins) that neutralize antigens, activate complement cascades, and promote phagocytosis.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Different antibody isotypes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD) have specialized functions} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MHC Matching in Transplantation}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Critical for avoiding tissue rejection in transplantation.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Allorecognition is the process by which lymphocytes distinguish self from foreign MHCs.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Transplant waiting lists exist due to the difficulty of finding an adequate MHC match.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MHC Matching in Transplantation}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Critical for avoiding tissue rejection in transplantation.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Allorecognition is the process by which lymphocytes distinguish self from foreign MHCs.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Transplant waiting lists exist due to the difficulty of finding an adequate MHC match.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Branches of Adaptive Immune System}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cellular response (T cell-mediated immunity).} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Humoral response (antibody-mediated immunity).} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Both aim to eliminate identified antigens and form memory for faster future responses.} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Antigens and Immunogenicity}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Antigens trigger immune responses and can be proteins, polysaccharides, or molecules in various organisms.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Immunogenicity depends on antigen size, molecular complexity, and chemical composition} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Stages of Cellular/ Humoral Immune Responses}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Both branches progress through four stages: antigen presentation, lymphocyte activation, lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, antigen elimination, and memory.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Memory Cells in Immune Response}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Effector cells die off, while memory cells provide long-lasting immunological memory.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Enable rapid reactivation of the adaptive response upon encountering the same antigen.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Secondary immune response involves quick generation of high-affinity IgG antibodies} \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}