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\author{Faniel (SuicideBro)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (pathology-neoplasia.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Faniel (SuicideBro))
  /Subject (Pathology: Neoplasia Cheat Sheet)
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Pathology: Neoplasia Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Faniel (SuicideBro)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/89372/cs/20358/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Faniel (SuicideBro) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/suicidebro} \\
        \uline{\seqsplit{www}.SuicideBro.com}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 31st August, 2019.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pathology: Neoplasia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{- Neoplasia - new growth}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{abnormal mass of tissue} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{uncoordinated with and exceeding growth of normal tissue} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{persists after cessation of stimuli} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{-Tumors/neoplasms/} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{2 basic types: benign, malignant/cancer/} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{-Basic components of tumors:} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{parenchyma - proliferating neoplastic cells, used for their nomen clature} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{stroma - supporting connective tissue and blood vesssels, for growth and evolution} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{-Neoplasm nomenclature:} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{histologic - mesenchym/epithelial} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{mesenchymal - benign/+oma/, malignant/+sarcoma} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{epithelial - benign/based on type/, malignant/+carcinoma/} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{teratoma - cancer of totipotent cells mostly found in gonads} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{choristoma - ectopic rest of tissue} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{hamartoma - native tissue with uncoordinated growth} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- Identification of malignant and benign tumors based on} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1. \seqsplit{differentiation/anaplasia}} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{2. rate of growth} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{3. invasivenes} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{4. metastasis} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1. benign are more differentiated and mature than malignant due to their slow mitosis} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pathology: Neoplasia (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{malignant tumors form a discrete fibrous capsule which makes them easier for surgical removal except hemangioma and neurofibromas} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{malignant tumors histologically present as pleomorphic, hyperchromatic, and hypermitotic} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{carcinoma in situ - epithelial cell cancer that has not yet invaded the basement membrane} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{2. malignant grow more rapidly than benign} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{3. invasivenes - tissue infiltration and destruction} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{malignant is more invasive than benign} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{4. metastasis - breaking of the primary tumor and wondering away} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{malignant are metastatic (except glioma and basal cell carcinoma) but benign aren't} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{metastasis is primary and invasivenes is secondary identification of malignancy} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- \seqsplit{metastatic/dissemination/} pathways} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1. direct seeding(transcoelemic) - mostly peritoneal cavity} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{2. lympatic - most common for sarcoma} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{3. hematogenous - typical for carcinoma} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{mostly involves liver and lung (soil and seed phenomenon)} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- cancer incidence can vary based on those factors} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{geographic - due to specific characterstics of that area} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{environment - nature of work places, sanity} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{age - most susceptible are above 55 years old, below 15 are susceptible to specific cancers also} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pathology: Neoplasia (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- Genetic predisposition to cancer} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1. autosomal dominant inherited cancer syndrome} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{familial retinoblastoma} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{2. defective DNA repair syndrome} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{ataxia telangectasia, xeroderma pigmentosa, bloom syndrome} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{3. familial cancers} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 46
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{high frequency occurence of cancer in a certain family with out a clearly defined pattern of transmission} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 47
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{characterized by} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 48
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{early age/juvenile/ onset} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 49
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{tomor arise in multiple close relatives} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 50
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{multiple or bilateral tumors} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 51
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- non hereditary predisposition to cancer} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 52
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{non-neoplastic conditions (regenerative, dysplastic, hyperplastic) give way to malignancy} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 53
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- cancer genes} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 54
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{fall under 4 classes} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 55
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1. oncogenes overexpression from proto-oncognes} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 56
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{2. loss or dysfunction of tumor supressor genes by mutation} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 57
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{3. over expression of gene that prevent apoptosis} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 58
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{4. expression of genes that hide tumors from host immune system} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 59
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- driver and passenger mutations} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 60
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{driver mutations contribute to cancer directly by acting on the cancer genes} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 61
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{passenger mutations are acquired and important in 2 ways} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pathology: Neoplasia (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 62
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{carcinogen associated damage the genome} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 63
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{provide genetic variation of tumor cells making selective therapy difficult} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 64
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{point mutation - activate or inactivate proteins of affected genes} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 65
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{gene rearengement - translocation and inversion caused cancer} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 66
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{e.g. philadelephia (ph) chromosome(leukemia), BCL2 B cell lymphoma 2(anti/pro apoptotic gene), myc gene(induce instablity in excess} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 67
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{deletion - may cause loss of tumor supressor gene} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 68
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{e.g. del13q14 gene - retinoblastoma, del17q13 (tp53) - multiple myeloma} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 69
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{gene amplification - lead to oncogens by over expression in two patterns} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 70
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{heterogenous staining regions, double minute} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 71
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{aneuploidy - chromosome number not multiple of haploid (23n)} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 72
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{increase oncogenes(myc) and decrease tumor supressors(tp53)} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 73
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- MicroRNAs: inhibit gene expression post transcriptionally by repressing translation or cleaving mRNA} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 74
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{in case of tumor supressor gene their over activity leads to reduced tumor supressor protein} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 75
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{in case of oncogenes their inactivity potentiates occurence of cancer} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 76
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- Epigenetic modification and cancer cells} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 77
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{epigenetic modification is reversible heritable gene expression changes without mutation} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pathology: Neoplasia (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 78
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{transcription is normally silenced by methylation and histone modification} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 79
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{but cancer cells have global DNA hypomethylation and slective promoter localized hypermethylation(tumor supressors)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 80
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- Carcinogenesis:} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 81
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{a multistep process that follows Darwinian selection(evolution)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 82
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{result from accumulation of multiple genetic alteration leading to transformed phenotype and associated hallmarks} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{- 1.Hallmarks of cancer}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1. self sustainability of growth factor} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{2. ignore growth inhibiting signal} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{3. evasion of apoptosis} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{4. angiogenesis} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{5. unlimited replicative potential} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{6. invasion and metastasis} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{7. evasion of immune surveilance} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{8. DNA repair defects} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1. Gf sustainability: oncoproteins encoded by oncogens promote cell growth} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{cancer cells may produce Gf or induce others to do so} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{they have mutated or over expressed Gf receptors} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{mutation of signal transducing protein(ABL, RAS) genes gives them growth autonomy} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{nuclear transcription factors mutation of genes that regulate expression of growth promoting genes} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{2. insensitivity to gowth inhibitory signals} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{e.g. RB - governor of cell cycle mutation leads to uncontrolled growth} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{tp53 - guardian of genome eliminate neoplastic transformations by} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{-quiescence, -senescence, -apoptosis} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{tp53 is the most mutated human gene in human cancer} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{transforming growth factor beta pathway:} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{inhibit proliferation in endothelial, epithelial, hematopoietic cell} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- Contact inhibtion NF2, and APC} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{is inhibition of cell proliferation because of cell to cell contact by transmembrane protein called Cadherin} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{- 1.Hallmarks of cancer}} (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{epithelium maintained by E-Cadherin (E=epithelial) by 2 ways} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{a. NF2 gene - produce Neurofibromin 2 a tumor supressor} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Neurofibromatosis 2 - hereditary NF2 gene mutation} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{b. binds with beta-catenin} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{3. Altered cellular metabolism:} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{cancer cells metabolism is different from normal cell metabolism because} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- increased amount of glucose consumption than normal} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- use of glycoltic pathway and convert it to lactose regardless of presence of oxygen to meet their rapid demand} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{this phenomenon is called aerobic glycolysis or Warburg effect} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{4. evasion of apoptosis} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{cancer cells escape death because} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- absence of tp53 gene which would normally kill them in that amount of stress and DNA defects} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- over expression of anti-apoptotic members of BCL2 family e.g. follicular lymphoma} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{5. unlimited replicative potential} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{cancer cells upregulate telomerase enzyme which keeps telomeres(protective cap at the end of DNA) long enough for unlimited DNA replication hence achieving immortality} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{6. angiogenesis} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{cancer cells use neoangiogenesis for} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- supply nutrient and oxygen} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{- 1.Hallmarks of cancer}} (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- stimulate neighboring tumor cell growth} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- \seqsplit{metastatic/dissemination/} pathway} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}