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  /Title (psych-approaches-advanced-info-2022.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (studybuddy)
  /Subject (Psych Approaches Advanced Info 2022 Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Psych Approaches Advanced Info 2022 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{studybuddy} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/143392/cs/32259/}}}
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  \vspace{-2pt}studybuddy \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 31st May, 2022.\\
   Updated 31st May, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.8 cm} x{5.2 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Behaviourist Approach}}  \tn
% Row 0
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rejects introspection & lab studies \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{observable and measurable behaviour} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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classical conditioning & unconditioned stimulus, neutral stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Pavlov's dogs & food (ucs), bell (ns), saliva (ucr) \textgreater{} bell (cs), saliva (cr) \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
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operant conditioning & positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Skinner's box} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 6
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positive reinforcement & reward for doing a behaviour \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 7
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negative reinforcement & reward for stopping a behaviour/avoids something unpleasant \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 8
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punishment & negative consequence for a behaviour \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Psychodynamic Approach}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
role of the unconscious & vast storehouse of biological drives and instincts that has a significant influence on our behaviour and personality + represses harmful memories \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
id & "gets what it wants", pleasure principle, part of the unconscious mind \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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ego & mediator between id and superego, reality principle, part of the conscious mind, develops around age 2, defends unconscious mind against displeasure through defence mechanisms \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 7)
% Row 3
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superego & sense of right and wrong, morality principle, punishes ego for wrong doing through guilt, part of conscious and unconscious mind, develops around age 5 \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 4
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defence mechanisms & repression, denial, displacement \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 5
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psychosexual stages & oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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oral stage & 0-18 months, focus of libido is mouth \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 7
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anal stage & 1-3 years, focus of libido is the anus, ego develops as parents impose restrictions \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Psychodynamic Approach (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
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phallic stage & 3-6 years, focus of libido is genital area, identification with same-sex parent leads to formation of gender identity, superego develops through resolution of Oedipus or Electra complex \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 9
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latency stage & earlier conflicts are repressed \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 10
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genital stage & sexual desires become conscious alongside the onset of puberty, difficulty forming heterosexual relationships \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 11
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Oedipus complex & feelings for mother, castration anxiety, "become" father \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 12
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Electra complex & penis envy, desire father and view mother as rival, identify with mother, penis envy is replaced by desire for baby \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Social Learning Theory}}  \tn
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imitation & copying the behaviour of others \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\seqsplit{identification} & when an observer associates themselves with a role model and wants to be like the role model \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
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modelling & imitating the behaviour of a role model/the precise demonstration of a specific behaviour that might be imitated by an observer \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 3
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vicarious reinforcement & reinforcement which is not directly experienced but occurs through observing someone else being reinforced for a behaviour \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 5)
% Row 4
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mediational processes & factors which determine whether a new response is acquired \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 5
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attention & the extent to which we notice certain behaviours \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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retention & how well the behaviour is remembered \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 7
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reproduction & the ability of the observer to perform the behaviour \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
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motivation & the will to perform the behaviour, often determined by whether the behaviour was rewarded or punished \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Bandura's Bobo Doll Study} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Humanistic Approach}}  \tn
% Row 0
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free will & self determining \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
active agents & reject more scientific models with general principles \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{subjective experience \textgreater{} general laws} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs & physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love, esteem needs, self-actualisation \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{concept of self must have congruence with ideal self} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{unconditional positive regard is necessary for healthy development} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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conditions of worth in childhood & causes psychological problems in adulthood \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{client-centred therapy} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}