\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{studybuddy} \pdfinfo{ /Title (hr-diversity-and-motivation.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (studybuddy) /Subject (HR, Diversity and Motivation Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{2053C9} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F1F4FB} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{HR, Diversity and Motivation Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{studybuddy} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/143392/cs/41347/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}studybuddy \\ \uline{cheatography.com/studybuddy} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 17th November, 2023.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Job analysis}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} job description & job title, job location, job summary, reporting to, working conditions, job duties, machines to be used, hazards \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} job \seqsplit{specification} & qualifications, experience, training, skills, responsibilities, emotional characteristics, sensory demands \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.89586 cm} x{4.08114 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{selection}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{select the most suitable candidate who will succeed in the job} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{problems} & unconscious bias, cost, effectiveness \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{recruitment}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Recruitment & identify potential/suitably qualified candidates \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} internal recruitment & promoting up through the organisation; motivational to employees; knowledge kept within business; know culture and organisation; reduce training/onboarding costs; still leaves a vacancy within business; lack of new ideas; other employees may be resentful; individual may not be very good \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 12) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} external recruitment & recruiting from external sources; brings fresh ideas and innovation; create more diverse workforce; existing staff may be resentful; demotivates existing staff; doesn't know culture; may not fit with team or be able to do the job; cost of onboarding and training \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 11) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.14471 cm} x{3.83229 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{External and internal fit}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} external fit & close and consistent relationship between HR strategy, organisational structure and competitive strategy \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} internal fit & various components of the HR strategy support each other and consistently encourage certain behaviour and attitude \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{line managers are important in implementing HR policies in a positive way} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.43873 cm} x{2.53827 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{reward management}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{encourage/motivate employees to follow organisational goals} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{trend to link pay systems to business strategy to encourage performance} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} trend to offer \seqsplit{performance-related} pay & focus on individual effort rather than collective effort \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{non-pay items often given} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{flexible benefits packages designed to meet individual's preferences and lifestyle} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Firing Staff}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{employees leave a business for many reasons} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} large staff turnover is challenging for businesses & places pressure on existing staff to cover work; can lead to being seen as a poor employer; new staff may disrupt existing teams and may lead to clashes; expensive \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 9) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} staff turnover can be useful & business may wish to change its culture or recruit more dynamic and innovative individuals, so a resignation may be an opportunity; exit interviews must be carried out to establish why an employee is leaving \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 11) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Human resource forecasting}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{anticipate and determine numbers of staff required} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{skills of staff required} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{availability of suitable staff} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{forecasts based on strategy} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{staff in post, inflows, outflows, and internal movements during period} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{limitations} & population demographics; skills shortages; sudden changes in consumer demand \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Psychological contract}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{intangible contract} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{refers o expectations, beliefs and obligations, perceived by both the employer and the worker} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{begins when the employee has first contact with an organisation e.g. through looking at the employer brand} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{reinforced for the employee and employer through the interview and selection process and throughout the period working at the organisation} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{once broken, it is nearly impossible to repair} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Induction/onboarding}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{effective induction is crucial} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{induction should integrate the employee with the work, their role in the business, the colleagues} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} induction should be practical and technical & how to integrate with company systems as well as personal factors such as where to hang your coat and get lunch \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 6) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} builds employee's psychological contract & done badly will break it \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} poor/no induction will lead to an "induction crisis" eight week point after starting a position & often results in the recruit leaving the post \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 5) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} negative impact on remaining employees & increased workload; increased recruitment costs; may impact customers; gain reputation as poor employer which may lead to future recruitment difficulties \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 8) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{some businesses use the term onboarding however some business use this term to include development} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Defining and Development of HRM}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{"Human resource management is a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve a competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce, using an integrated array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques' - (Storey, 1995)} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{'The formation and enactment of policies designed to manage the employment of people in an organisation' - (Dundon \& Wilkinson, 2021)} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{HRM developed as global markets became integrated and complex} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{HRM became popular as other countries revealed how they managed employees successfully eg Japan.} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{HRM became popular as a result of publications stressing that high performance organisations had a strong commitment to HRM.} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{new era of humane people orientated employment management OR a blunt instrument to bully works (Monks, 1998).} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{greater diversity and need for equality} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{drop in trade union membership} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} UK businesses need to link HRM to strategy & resource-based view suggested that resources and competencies cannot be imitated \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HR policy and high performance}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Applebaum's ability motivation opportunity model (2000) suggests there are three dimensions for "high performance"} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} ability & selective recruitment; training; education \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{motivation} & performance appraisals; job security; career management; performance related pay \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{opportunity} & teamwork; empowerment; job design \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Diversity and inclusion}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{diversity is the practice of including or involving persons with various group identities within a workplace (Lussier, 2021)} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{important to recognise that a "one-size-fits-all" approach to managing people does not achieve fairness and equality of opportunity for everyone} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{an n inclusive working environment is one in which everyone feels valued, that their contribution matters, and they can perform to their potential, no matter their background, identity of circumstances; essentially it enables a diverse range of people to work together effectively (CIPD, 2023)} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 6) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{microaggressions} & micro assault (overt, intentional discrimination); micro insult (given as a compliment, but it suggests demographic race is not respected, but you are the exception); micro invalidation (comment or action that dismisses the experiences of a historically disadvantaged group) \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 10) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Gender pay gap & organisations with more than 250 employees now have to publish salaries; payroll data need to calculate gender pay gap figures-average pay; gender pay gap calculations are based on figures drawn from a specific date each year ("snapshot date") \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 9) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HRM models}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} hard HRM & line managers enforce rules and compliance; stressed hard fit between business needs and people management to ensure optimum employee performance; hard HRM involves strict rules to select, reward, train and replace employees; HRM views employees as factors of production (just like stock) \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 12) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} soft HRM & framework for understanding and managing employees, focusing on recruitment and selection, performance and evaluation, rewards and recognition using supportive people practices; stakeholder interest is the starting point; employees well-being is a consideration; line managers role is to coach staff; key driver is training and development \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 14) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Ulrich's model (1995) & David Ulrich suggests HR holds four roles in which professionals became business partners; emphasises need for HR to evolve from a function-oriented approach to one of a partnership role; aims to align business strategy and HR function; vertical axis reflects competing demands on future focus and operational focus; horizontal axis reflects competing demands on people and process; strategic partner; change agent; administrative expert; employee champion \tn % Row Count 44 (+ 18) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HRM models (cont)}} \tn % Row 3 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} strategic partner & HR works closely with leaders to align HR activities with overall strategy to achieve goals; HR must understand markets, industry and be proficient in workforce planning, talent management and performance management to attract and retain the right talent \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 10) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{white} change agent & drives and supports change; help navigate transitions; ensure human capital equipped to adapt to change; need good communication and problem-solving skills \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 6) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{administrative} expert & delivers cost-effective, efficient HR services; responsible for designing and implementing HR processes and systems; need high quality services at lowest possible cost \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 7) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{white} employee champion & advocate for employees' needs and interests, responsible for creating a positive work environment that promotes employee engagement, satisfaction and retention; must possess strong interpersonal and communication skills to build trust and credibility with employees; should be knowledgeable about employee rights, labour laws and workplace policies to ensure employees are treated fairly and equitably; by being an employee champion, HR can help create a culture of trust and inclusivity, ultimately enhancing the organisation's performance \tn % Row Count 44 (+ 21) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HRM models (cont)}} \tn % Row 7 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Warwick model (1990) & Henry and Pettigrew's model centres around five elements; considers the influences and impact of the internal and external environment and considers how HRM adapts to these changes in the organisation; organisations that align between the internal and external fit will achieve performance and growth; enables business to plan for; respond and change effectively \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 14) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}