\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{stonekirby}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (python-basics.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (stonekirby)
  /Subject (Python basics Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{2470A3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F1F6F9}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Python basics Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{stonekirby} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/25026/cs/6414/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}stonekirby \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/stonekirby} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 12th May, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.


\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Primitive Datatypes and Operators}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\# You have numbers \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
3  \# =\textgreater{} 3 \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\# Math is what you would expect \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
1 + 1   \# =\textgreater{} 2 \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
8 - 1   \# =\textgreater{} 7 \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
10 * 2  \# =\textgreater{} 20 \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\# Except division which returns floats, real numbers, by default \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
35 / 5  \# =\textgreater{} 7.0 \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\# Result of integer division truncated down both for positive and negative. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
5 // 3       \# =\textgreater{} 1 \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
5.0 // 3.0   \# =\textgreater{} 1.0 \# works on floats too \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
-5 // 3      \# =\textgreater{} -2 \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
-5.0 // 3.0  \# =\textgreater{} -2.0 \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
\# When you use a float, results are floats \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
3 * 2.0  \# =\textgreater{} 6.0 \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
\# Modulo operation \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
7 \% 3  \# =\textgreater{} 1 \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
\# Exponentiation (x**y, x to the yth power) \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
2**4  \# =\textgreater{} 16 \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
\# Enforce precedence with parentheses \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
(1 + 3) * 2  \# =\textgreater{} 8 \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
\# Boolean values are primitives (Note: the capitalization) \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 2)
True \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
False \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
\# negate with not \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
not True   \# =\textgreater{} False \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
not False  \# =\textgreater{} True \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Primitive Datatypes and Operators (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\# Boolean Operators \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\# Note "and" and "or" are case-sensitive \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
True and False  \# =\textgreater{} False \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
False or True   \# =\textgreater{} True \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\# Note using Bool operators with ints \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
0 and 2     \# =\textgreater{} 0 \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
-5 or 0     \# =\textgreater{} -5 \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
0 == False  \# =\textgreater{} True \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
2 == True   \# =\textgreater{} False \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
1 == True   \# =\textgreater{} True \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\# Equality is == \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
1 == 1  \# =\textgreater{} True \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
2 == 1  \# =\textgreater{} False \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
\# Inequality is != \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
1 != 1  \# =\textgreater{} False \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
2 != 1  \# =\textgreater{} True \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
\# More comparisons \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
1 \textless{} 10  \# =\textgreater{} True \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
1 \textgreater{} 10  \# =\textgreater{} False \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
2 \textless{}= 2  \# =\textgreater{} True \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
2 \textgreater{}= 2  \# =\textgreater{} True \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
\# Comparisons can be chained! \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
1 \textless{} 2 \textless{} 3  \# =\textgreater{} True \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
2 \textless{} 3 \textless{} 2  \# =\textgreater{} False \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
\# (is vs. ==) is checks if two variable refer to the same object, but == checks \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 2)
\# if the objects pointed to have the same values. \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
a = {[}1, 2, 3, 4{]}  \# Point a at a new list, {[}1, 2, 3, 4{]} \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 2)
b = a             \# Point b at what a is pointing to \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Primitive Datatypes and Operators (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{b is a            \# =\textgreater{} True, a and b refer to the same object \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
b == a            \# =\textgreater{} True, a's and b's objects are equal \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
b = {[}1, 2, 3, 4{]}  \# Point a at a new list, {[}1, 2, 3, 4{]} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
b is a            \# =\textgreater{} False, a and b do not refer to the same object \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
b == a            \# =\textgreater{} True, a's and b's objects are equal% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Using {[}None{]}}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\# None is an object \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
None  \# =\textgreater{} None \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\# Don't use the equality "==" symbol to compare objects to None \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\# Use "is" instead. This checks for equality of object identity. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
"etc" is None  \# =\textgreater{} False \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
None is None   \# =\textgreater{} True \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\# None, 0, and empty strings/lists/dicts all evaluate to False. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\# All other values are True \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
bool(0)   \# =\textgreater{} False \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
bool("")  \# =\textgreater{} False \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
bool({[}{]})  \# =\textgreater{} False \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
bool(\{\})  \# =\textgreater{} False% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Strings}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\# Strings are created with " or ' \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
"This is a string." \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
'This is also a string.' \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\# Strings can be added too! But try not to do this. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
"Hello " + "world!"  \# =\textgreater{} "Hello world!" \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\# Strings can be added without using '+' \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
"Hello " "world!"    \# =\textgreater{} "Hello world!" \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\# A string can be treated like a list of characters \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
"This is a string"{[}0{]}  \# =\textgreater{} 'T' \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
\# .format can be used to format strings, like this: \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
"\{\} can be \{\}".format("Strings", "interpolated")  \# =\textgreater{} "Strings can be interpolated" \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\# You can repeat the formatting arguments to save some typing. \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
"\{0\} be nimble, \{0\} be quick, \{0\} jump over the \{1\}".format("Jack", "candle stick") \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
\# =\textgreater{} "Jack be nimble, Jack be quick, Jack jump over the candle stick" \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2)
\# You can use keywords if you don't want to count. \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
"\{name\} wants to eat \{food\}".format(name="Bob", food="lasagna")  \# =\textgreater{} "Bob wants to eat lasagna" \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 2)
\# If your Python 3 code also needs to run on Python 2.5 and below, you can also \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 2)
\# still use the old style of formatting: \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
"\%s can be \%s the \%s way" \% ("Strings", "interpolated", "old")  \# =\textgreater{} "Strings can be interpolated the old way"% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lists}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\# Lists store sequences \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
li = {[}{]} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\# You can start with a prefilled list \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
other\_li = {[}4, 5, 6{]} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\# Add stuff to the end of a list with append \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
li.append(1)    \# li is now {[}1{]} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
li.append(2)    \# li is now {[}1, 2{]} \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
li.append(4)    \# li is now {[}1, 2, 4{]} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
li.append(3)    \# li is now {[}1, 2, 4, 3{]} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\# Remove from the end with pop \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
li.pop()        \# =\textgreater{} 3 and li is now {[}1, 2, 4{]} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
\# Let's put it back \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
li.append(3)    \# li is now {[}1, 2, 4, 3{]} again. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
\# Access a list like you would any array \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
li{[}0{]}   \# =\textgreater{} 1 \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
\# Look at the last element \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
li{[}-1{]}  \# =\textgreater{} 3 \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
\# Looking out of bounds is an IndexError \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
li{[}4{]}  \# Raises an IndexError \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
\# You can look at ranges with slice syntax. \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
\# (It's a closed/open range for you mathy types.) \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
li{[}1:3{]}   \# =\textgreater{} {[}2, 4{]} \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
\# Omit the beginning \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
li{[}2:{]}    \# =\textgreater{} {[}4, 3{]} \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
\# Omit the end \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
li{[}:3{]}    \# =\textgreater{} {[}1, 2, 4{]} \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
\# Select every second entry \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
li{[}::2{]}   \# =\textgreater{}{[}1, 4{]} \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
\# Return a reversed copy of the list \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
li{[}::-1{]}  \# =\textgreater{} {[}3, 4, 2, 1{]} \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lists (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\# Use any combination of these to make advanced slices \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\# li{[}start:end:step{]} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\# Make a one layer deep copy using slices \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
li2 = li{[}:{]}  \# =\textgreater{} li2 = {[}1, 2, 4, 3{]} but (li2 is li) will result in false. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\# Remove arbitrary elements from a list with "del" \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
del li{[}2{]}  \# li is now {[}1, 2, 3{]} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\# Remove first occurrence of a value \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
li.remove(2)  \# li is now {[}1, 3{]} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
li.remove(2)  \# Raises a ValueError as 2 is not in the list \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\# Insert an element at a specific index \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
li.insert(1, 2)  \# li is now {[}1, 2, 3{]} again \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
\# Get the index of the first item found matching the argument \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
li.index(2)  \# =\textgreater{} 1 \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
li.index(4)  \# Raises a ValueError as 4 is not in the list \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
\# You can add lists \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
\# Note: values for li and for other\_li are not modified. \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
li + other\_li  \# =\textgreater{} {[}1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6{]} \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
\# Concatenate lists with "extend()" \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
li.extend(other\_li)  \# Now li is {[}1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6{]} \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 2)
\# Check for existence in a list with "in" \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
1 in li  \# =\textgreater{} True \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
\# Examine the length with "len()" \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lists (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{len(li)  \# =\textgreater{} 6% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Variables}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\# Python has a print function \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
print("I'm Python. Nice to meet you!")  \# =\textgreater{} I'm Python. Nice to meet you! \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
\# By default the print function also prints out a newline at the end. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\# Use the optional argument end to change the end character. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
print("Hello, World", end="!")  \# =\textgreater{} Hello, World! \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\# Simple way to get input data from console \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
input\_string\_var = input("Enter some data: ") \# Returns the data as a string \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\# Note: In earlier versions of Python, input() method was named as raw\_input() \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\# No need to declare variables before assigning to them. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2)
\# Convention is to use \seqsplit{lower\_case\_with\_underscores} \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
some\_var = 5 \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
some\_var  \# =\textgreater{} 5 \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1)
\# Accessing a previously unassigned variable is an exception. \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2)
\# See Control Flow to learn more about exception handling. \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 2)
some\_unknown\_var  \# Raises a NameError% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}



\end{document}