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% Document Info
\author{STEMhighschool}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (properties-of-water.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (STEMhighschool)
  /Subject (Properties of water Cheat Sheet)
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Properties of water Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{STEMhighschool} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/121412/cs/22241/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}STEMhighschool \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/stemhighschool} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 1st April, 2020.\\
   Updated 1st April, 2020.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chemistry of water}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- H2O molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other. The +Hydrogen is attracted to the -Oxygen which creates a "Sticky Molecule".% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hydrogen Bonds Result in...}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- good solvent} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- cohesion \& adhesion} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- lower density as a solid} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- high specific heat} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- high vaporization rate} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{High Heat Vaporization}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* It takes a long time for water to become vapor% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{High Specific Heat}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{H2O resists heat changes in temperature} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- High specific heat} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Must add lots of heat to increase temperature} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Likewise must lose lots of heat to cool} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{H2O moderates earths temperature} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Water Dissociation (pH)}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Water "Disassociates" meaning that...} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{+H = -O means water is neutral} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{+H \textgreater{} -O means water is acidic} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{+H \textless{} -O means water is basic} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lower Density as a solid \#1}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Most substances become denser when solid BUT NOT WATER!} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Ice floats; Hydrogen bonds create a lattice like structure in ice and becomes less dense than liquid water} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- The lattice frame puts space between molecules} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lower Density \#2 Why is this important?}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* Oceans and lakes don't freeze solid} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Surface ice insulates water below} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- This allows life to survive the winter} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* If ice sank the lakes would freeze, fish would die in the winter and only the top layer of water would thaw.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Buffers in pH}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Buffers: Something that keeps the pH the same or resists change} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* pH effects shape and function of enzyme molecules} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* pH can be stabilized with buffers. Ex: a reservoir of +H can donate more +H or absorb +H} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{pH Scale}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* Measures the concentration of +H ions} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* Measures acidic or basic (0-14)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{*  Each pH unit = ten-fold change in H+ ions   ex: Moving from pH 1 (10\textasciicircum{} -1\textasciicircum{})  to pH 2 (10\textasciicircum{} -2\textasciicircum{}) = ten fewer +H ions} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cohesion and Adhesion \#1}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cohesion and adhesion are what get water up a 300ft tree (and water potential and osmosis but that is in another chapter). Cohesion gets the water to stay together. Adhesion gets the waters to stick to the glucose and "climb".% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cohesion \& Adhesion \#2}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cohesion; sticking together and to itself & Adhesion; sticking to something else \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
- caused by the polar molecules & - attraction of water between other molecules \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- causes surface tension & - Capilary Action; water "climbs" up a cotton paper towel \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & - water likes/ climbs glucose and glass \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Good Solvent \#1}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- polarity makes H2O a good solvent} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Polar H2O molecules surround + and - ions along with polar molecules (ex: carbohydrates \& protiens)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Good Solvent \#2}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
What dissolves in water? & What doesn't dissolve in water? \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
* Hydrophilic or "water loving" substances & * Hydrophobic or "water fearing" substances \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
*They are attracted to water and are often polar & *They are not attracted to water and are often non polar \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}