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% Document Info
\author{stellaa}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (circulatory-system-biology-1h-2024.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (stellaa)
  /Subject (Circulatory System- Biology 1H- 2024 Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Circulatory System- Biology 1H- 2024 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{stellaa} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/203531/cs/43356/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}stellaa \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/stellaa} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 10th May, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{circulatory system}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Brings materials directly to/from cells brings nutrients, Oxygen to cells, removes CO2/wastes from cells, delivers hormones to cells} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Open vs Closed}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Open System- A circulatory system in which fluid is pumped through open-ended vessels and bathes the tissues and organs directly. In an animal with an open circulatory system, blood and interstitial fluid are the same.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Closed System- A circulatory system in which blood is confined to vessels and is kept separate from the interstitial fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Single vs Double}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Single circulation- A circulatory system with a single pump and circuit, in which blood passes from the sites of gas exchange to the rest of the body before returning to the heart} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Double circulation- A circulatory system with separate {\bf{pulmonary}} and {\bf{systemic}} circuits, in which blood passes through the heart after completing each circuit; ensures vigorous blood flow to all organs.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A double circulation is more efficient than a single circulation because there are two pumps, one from each side of the heart as the blood goes through the circut. Because there is an additional pump, the blood gets around faster.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pulmonary/Systemic Circut}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pulmonary Circut- The branch of the circulatory system that supplies the lungs.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-\textgreater{} right atrium -\textgreater{} tricuspid valve-\textgreater{} right ventricle -\textgreater{} pulmonary valve -\textgreater{} pulmonary arteries -\textgreater{} lung capillaries -\textgreater{} pulmonary veins -\textgreater{} left atrium -\textgreater{}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Systemic Circut- The branch of the circulatory system that supplies oxygen-rich blood to, and carries oxygen-poor blood away from, organs and tissues in the body.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-\textgreater{} left atrium -\textgreater{} mitral valve -\textgreater{} left ventricle -\textgreater{} aortic valve -\textgreater{} aorta -\textgreater{} arteries -\textgreater{} arterioles -\textgreater{} body capillaries -\textgreater{} venules -\textgreater{}veins -\textgreater{} superior/inferior vena cava -\textgreater{} right atrium -\textgreater{}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Parts of the heart}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Atrium}} (left/right) - collects blood returning to heart; pumps to ventricles. Thin-walled} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ventricle}} (left/right) - pumps blood out of heart. Thick-walled, muscular} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arteries}} – carry blood AWAY from heart Arteries – Thick-walled, muscular - Blood under high pressure - Largest artery: aorta} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arterioles}}- between artery and capillary bed} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Precapillary sphincters}} - open/close to increase/decrease blood flow to capillary beds in particular regions} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Capillaries}}- allow for exchange of materials – microscopic vessels with thin, porous walls - Net diffusion of substances: capillaries →  interstitial fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Veins}} – carry blood BACK TO heart - Less muscle: lower pressure - Skeletal muscle assists blood flow - Contain valves - 2 major veins returning to right atrium: superior and inferior vena cava} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Venules}} – connect capillary bed and veins} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Valves}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Valves prevent the backward flow of blood} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Atrioventricular (AV) valves -} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Between atrium and ventricle | tricuspid valve: right | mitral valve: left} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Semilunar valves -} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Between ventricles and vessels | pulmonary: to pulmonary arteries (from R) | aortic: to aorta (from L)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
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Systole & Diastole \tn 
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heart contracting & heart resting \tn 
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Systolic pressure – pressure on artery walls when ventricles contract & Diastolic pressure – pressure on artery walls when heart relaxed \tn 
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AV valves:open & semilunar valves:open \tn 
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semilunar valves:closed & AV valves:closed \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Heart murmur - a defect in one or more heart valves that permits a backflow of blood and reduces the cardiac output (volume pumped/minute)} \tn 
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% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Blood pressure = systolic pressure/diastolic pressure} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Hypertension – a serious cardiovascular problem in which blood pressure is persistent at or above 140 systolic and/or 90 diastolic} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Regulation of Heartbeat}}  \tn
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Pacemaker (sinoatrial or SA node) & Atrioventricular or AV node \tn 
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cells that set rate of heart contraction – self-starting & spread electrical impulse to ventricles \tn 
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In right atrium | Electrical impulse to atria & Between atria | Electrical impulse to ventricles \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Electrocardiogram (EKG) – detects electrical currents; graphed against time} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Automated External Defibrillator (AED) - Shocks the heart and resets SA node} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Pacemaker - Small battery-powered  device that helps the heart  beat in a regular rhythm} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.29487 cm} x{1.12779 cm} x{0.91894 cm} x{0.8354 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chart}}  \tn
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 & {\bf{Capillaries}} & {\bf{Arteries}} & {\bf{Veins}} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Carry blood from: & Arteries & Heart & \seqsplit{Capillaries} \tn 
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Carry blood to: & Veins & \seqsplit{Capillaries} & Heart \tn 
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Thickness & Thin & Thick & \seqsplit{In-between} \tn 
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Valves? & No & No & Yes \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cellular Elements of Blood:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Red Blood Cells}} - Transport O2, some CO2 using hemoglobin} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{White Blood Cells}} - Defense and immunity; fights infections} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Platelets}} - A pinched-off cytoplasmic fragment of a bone marrow cell. Platelets circulate in the blood and are important in blood clotting.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}