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% Document Info
\author{srinivas.ram}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (cheat-sheet-for-python-topics.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (srinivas.ram)
  /Subject (for Python Topics Cheat Sheet)
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{for Python Topics Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{srinivas.ram} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/183208/cs/38151/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}srinivas.ram \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/srinivas-ram} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 9th April, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Python Lists}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\#Definition:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A list is a mutable collection of ordered elements enclosed in square brackets {[}{]}.   \{\{nl\}\}Lists can contain any type of data, including other lists.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\#Creating a List :}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Lists can be created using square brackets {[}{]} or the list() constructor.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ \#Using Square brackets:}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list = {[}1, 2, 3{]}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\# Using the list () constructor: }}} \tn 
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% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list = list({[}1, 2, 3{]}) \{\{nl\}\}myList = list(range(5)) \# a list with five items {[}0, 1, 2, 3, 4{]}  \{\{nl\}\}myList = {[}i*2 for i in range(5){]}   a list with five items {[}0, 2, 4, 6, 8{]}} \tn 
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% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Accessing Elements : }}} \tn 
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% Row 9
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Elements in a list can be accessed using indexing or slicing.} \tn 
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% Row 10
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\# Accessing an element using indexing  :}}} \tn 
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% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list = {[}1, 2, 3, 4, 5{]}  \{\{nl\}\}Print(my\_list{[}0{]}) \# output: 1     accesses the first element in the list (1).} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 12
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\# Accessing a slice of elements using slicing :  }}} \tn 
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% Row 13
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{print(my\_list{[}1:4{]})) \# Output: {[}2, 3, 4{]}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 14
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Some examples on indexing and slicing : }}} \tn 
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% Row 15
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list = {[}'apple', 'banana', 'cherry'{]}   \{\{nl\}\}print(my\_list{[}1{]}) \# Output: banana  accesses the second element in the list ('banana'). \{\{nl\}\}print(my\_list{[}-1{]}) \# Output: cherry  accesses the last element in the list ('cherry'). \{\{nl\}\}print(my\_list{[}1:{]}) \# Output: {[}'banana', 'cherry'{]}  accesses all elements in the list from the second  element to the end} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 8)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Python Lists}} (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Modifying Elements : }}} \tn 
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% Row 17
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Elements in a list can be modified using indexing or slicing. \{\{nl\}\}my\_list = {[}1, 2, 3{]}    \{\{nl\}\} my\_list{[}0{]} = 4    \{\{nl\}\} print(my\_list) \# Output: {[}4, 2, 3{]}} \tn 
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% Row 18
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Some Examples to modify elements using index and slice()}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list = {[}'apple', 'banana', 'cherry'{]}  \{\{nl\}\}my\_list{[}1{]} = 'orange'  changes the second element in the list to 'orange'.          \{\{nl\}\} my\_list.append('grape')  adds 'grape' to the end of the list.         \{\{nl\}\} my\_list.extend({[}'kiwi', 'watermelon'{]})  adds the list {[}'kiwi', 'watermelon'{]} to the end of the list.         \{\{nl\}\} \seqsplit{my\_list.remove('cherry')}  removes the element 'cherry' from the list.         \{\{nl\}\} my\_list.pop(0)  removes and returns the first element in the list ('apple').} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{List Methods : }}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Lists have many built-in methods, including:} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\# Using append() method :  }}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list = {[}1, 2, 3{]}   \{\{nl\}\}my\_list.append(4)  \{\{nl\}\}print(my\_list) \{\{nl\}\} \# Output: {[}1, 2, 3, 4{]}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\# Using extend() method  : }}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list.extend({[}5, 6{]})  \{\{nl\}\}print(my\_list)  \{\{nl\}\}\# Output: {[}1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6{]}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\# Using insert() method : }}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list.insert(0, 0)  \{\{nl\}\}print(my\_list)  \{\{nl\}\}\# Output: {[}0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6{]}} \tn 
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% Row 28
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\# Using remove() method :  }}} \tn 
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% Row 29
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list.remove(3)   \{\{nl\}\}print(my\_list) \{\{nl\}\}\# Output: {[}0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6{]}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Python Lists}} (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\# Using pop() method : }}} \tn 
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% Row 31
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list.pop(2)  \{\{nl\}\}print(my\_list)  \{\{nl\}\}\# Output: {[}0, 1, 4, 5, 6{]}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\# Using sort() method : }}} \tn 
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% Row 33
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list.sort()  \{\{nl\}\}print(my\_list)  \{\{nl\}\}\# Output: {[}0, 1, 4, 5, 6{]}} \tn 
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% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\# Using reverse() method : }}} \tn 
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% Row 35
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list.reverse()  \{\{nl\}\}print(my\_list)  \{\{nl\}\}\# Output: {[}6, 5, 4, 1, 0{]}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Copying a List: }}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list = {[}'apple', 'banana', 'cherry'{]}  \{\{nl\}\}new\_list = my\_list.copy()} \tn 
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% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Nested Lists: }}} \tn 
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% Row 39
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list = {[}{[}1, 2{]}, {[}3, 4{]}{]}\{\{nl\}\}print(my\_list{[}0{]}{[}1{]})   \# Output: 2} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{List Functions: }}} \tn 
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% Row 41
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{sum(my\_list) \{\{nl\}\}all(my\_list) \{\{nl\}\}any(my\_list) \{\{nl\}\}enumerate(my\_list) \{\{nl\}\}zip(my\_list1, my\_list2)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{List Comprehensions :}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{List comprehensions provide a concise way to create lists based on existing lists.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\# Creating a new list using list comprehension : }}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_list = {[}1, 2, 3, 4, 5{]} \{\{nl\}\}new\_list = {[}x * 2 for x in my\_list{]}   \{\{nl\}\}print(new\_list) \# Output: {[}2, 4, 6, 8, 10{]} \{\{nl\}\}my\_list = {[}x for x in range(1, 6){]}  \{\{nl\}\}even\_list = {[}x for x in range(1, 11) if x \% 2 == 0{]}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Advantage of Using Lists : }}} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Python Lists}} (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Lists are mutable, which makes them more flexible to use than tuples.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Tuples In Python}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What are Tuples?}}} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A tuple is an ordered, immutable collection of elements.\{\{nl\}\} In Python, tuples are created using parentheses () \{\{nl\}\}and the elements are separated by commas ,.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Creating Tuples}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\# Create an empty tuple\{\{nl\}\}my\_tuple = ()\{\{nl\}\}\# Create a tuple with elements\{\{nl\}\}my\_tuple = (1, 2, 3)\{\{nl\}\}\# Create a tuple with a single element\{\{nl\}\}my\_tuple = (1,)\{\{nl\}\}\# Create a tuple without parentheses\{\{nl\}\}my\_tuple = 1, 2, 3} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Accessing Elements}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Tuples are ordered collections, \{\{nl\}\}So you can access individual elements using indexing.\{\{nl\}\}my\_tuple = ('apple', 'banana', 'cherry')} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\# Access the first element}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{print(my\_tuple{[}0{]})  \# Output: 'apple'} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\# Access the last element}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{print(my\_tuple{[}-1{]})  \# Output: 'cherry'} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Immutability}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Tuples are immutable, which means that \{\{nl\}\}you can't modify their contents after they're created.\{\{nl\}\}my\_tuple = (1, 2, 3)\{\{nl\}\}\# Trying to modify the first element will result in an error\{\{nl\}\}my\_tuple{[}0{]} = 4  \# TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Tuple Methods}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Tuples have a few built-in methods that you can use:} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{count()}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Tuples In Python}} (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Returns the number of times a specified value occurs in a tuple.\{\{nl\}\}my\_tuple = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4)\{\{nl\}\}\# Count the number of times the value 2 appears\{\{nl\}\}print(my\_tuple.count(2))  \# Output: 3} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{index()}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Returns the index of the first occurrence of a specified value in a tuple.\{\{nl\}\}my\_tuple = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4)    \{\{nl\}\}\# Find the index of the first occurrence of the value 3\{\{nl\}\}print(my\_tuple.index(3))  \# Output: 3} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Tuple Unpacking}}} \tn 
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% Row 19
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{You can also "unpack" tuples, which allows  \{\{nl\}\}you to assign the values in a tuple to separate variables.\{\{nl\}\}my\_tuple = ('John', 'Doe', 30)    \{\{nl\}\}\# Unpack the tuple into separate variables \{\{nl\}\}first\_name, last\_name, age = my\_tuple\{\{nl\}\}print(first\_name)  \# Output: 'John'\{\{nl\}\}print(last\_name)  \# Output: 'Doe'\{\{nl\}\}print(age)  \# Output: 30} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Advantages of Tuples}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Tuples are immutable, so they're useful for storing data that shouldn't be changed accidentally.\{\{nl\}\}Tuples are faster than lists, since they're smaller and can be stored more efficiently in memory.\{\{nl\}\}Tuples can be used as dictionary keys, while lists cannot.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Dictionaries in Python}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Creating a dictionary}}} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\# Empty dictionary \{\{nl\}\}my\_dict = \{\} \{\{nl\}\}\# Dictionary with initial values\{\{nl\}\}my\_dict = \{"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2", "key3": "value3"\}\{\{nl\}\}\# Using the dict() constructor\{\{nl\}\}my\_dict = dict(key1="value1", key2="value2", key3="value3")} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Accessing values}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\# Accessing a value by key\{\{nl\}\}my\_dict{[}"key1"{]}  \# returns "value1"\{\{nl\}\}\# Using the get() method to avoid KeyError\{\{nl\}\}my\_dict.get("key1")  \# returns "value1"\{\{nl\}\}my\_dict.get("key4")  \# returns None\{\{nl\}\}\# Using the get() method with a default value\{\{nl\}\}my\_dict.get("key4", "default\_value")  \# returns "default\_value"} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Adding and updating values}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\# Adding a new key-value pair \{\{nl\}\}my\_dict{[}"key4"{]} = "value4"\{\{nl\}\}\# Updating a value\{\{nl\}\}my\_dict{[}"key1"{]} = "new\_value1"\{\{nl\}\}\# Using the update() method to add/update multiple values\{\{nl\}\}my\_dict.update(\{"key5": "value5", "key6": "value6"\})} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Removing values}}} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\# Removing a key-value pair \{\{nl\}\}del my\_dict{[}"key1"{]}\{\{nl\}\}\# Using the pop() method to remove a key-value pair and return the valmy\_dict.pop("key2")  \# returns "value2"ue\{\{nl\}\}\{\{nl\}\}\# Using the pop() method with a default value\{\{nl\}\}my\_dict.pop("key4", "default\_value")  \# returns "default\_value"\{\{nl\}\}\# Using the clear() method to remove all key-value pairs\{\{nl\}\}my\_dict.clear()} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 8)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Other methods}}} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Dictionaries in Python (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\# Getting the number of key-value pairs \{\{nl\}\}len(my\_dict)\{\{nl\}\}\# Checking if a key exists in the dictionary\{\{nl\}\}"key1" in my\_dict\{\{nl\}\}\# Getting a list of keys\{\{nl\}\}my\_dict.keys()\{\{nl\}\}\# Getting a list of values\{\{nl\}\}my\_dict.values()\{\{nl\}\}\# Getting a list of key-value pairs as tuples\{\{nl\}\}my\_dict.items()} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Advantages of Python dictionaries}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Python dictionaries offer fast lookups, flexible key/value storage, \{\{nl\}\}dynamic resizing, efficient memory usage, and ease of use, making them a versatile\{\{nl\}\}and powerful data structure widely used in Python programming.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Python strings}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Creating strings}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_string = "Hello, World!"  \# double quotes\{\{nl\}\}my\_string = 'Hello, World!'  \# single quotes\{\{nl\}\}my\_string = """Hello,  World!"""                     \# triple quotes (for multiline strings)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Accessing characters in a string}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_string = "Hello, World!"\{\{nl\}\}print(my\_string{[}0{]})   \# H\{\{nl\}\}print(my\_string{[}-1{]})  \# !} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Slicing strings}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_string = "Hello, World!"\{\{nl\}\}print(my\_string{[}0:5{]})   \# Hello\{\{nl\}\}print(my\_string{[}7:{]})    \# World!\{\{nl\}\}print(my\_string{[}:5{]})    \# Hello\{\{nl\}\}print(my\_string{[}::2{]})   \# Hlo ol!} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{String methods}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_string = "Hello, World!"\{\{nl\}\}print(my\_string.upper())           \# HELLO, WORLD!\{\{nl\}\}print(my\_string.lower())           \# hello, world!\{\{nl\}\}print(my\_string.replace("Hello", "Hi"))   \# Hi, World!\{\{nl\}\}print(my\_string.split(","))        \# {[}'Hello', ' World!'{]}\{\{nl\}\}print(my\_string.strip())           \# Hello, World! (remove whitespace)\{\{nl\}\}print(len(my\_string))              \# 13 (length of the string)} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 9)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Concatenating strings}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{str1 = "Hello"\{\{nl\}\}str2 = "World"\{\{nl\}\}print(str1 + " " + str2)  \# Hello World} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{String formatting}}} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{name = "John"\{\{nl\}\}age = 30\{\{nl\}\}print("My name is \{\} and I'm \{\} years old".format(name, age))\{\{nl\}\}\# My name is John and I'm 30 years old\{\{nl\}\}\# f-strings (Python 3.6+)\{\{nl\}\}print(f"My name is \{name\} and I'm \{age\} years old")\{\{nl\}\}\# My name is John and I'm 30 years old} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Python strings}} (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Encoding and decoding strings}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_string = "Hello, World!"\{\{nl\}\}encoded\_string = \seqsplit{my\_string.encode("utf-8")}   \# b'Hello, World!'\{\{nl\}\}decoded\_string = \seqsplit{encoded\_string.decode("utf-8")}  \# Hello, World!} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Advantages of strings in Python}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Strings in Python have several advantages, including their flexibility,\{\{nl\}\}ease of use, and extensive library of built-in string methods,\{\{nl\}\}making it easy to manipulate and format text data for various purposes\{\{nl\}\} such as data analysis, web development, and automation tasks.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}