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\author{sparkledaisy}
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  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (sparkledaisy)
  /Subject (Ethics DSST Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Ethics DSST Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{sparkledaisy} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/21957/cs/4377/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}sparkledaisy \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/sparkledaisy} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 22nd June, 2015.\\
   Updated 12th May, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LOCKE}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Treatise on Civil Government}}}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Harm Principle}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mills, Utilitarian} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Government can coerce people only to prevent harm to others} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Free Speech, no censorship} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{"On Liberty"} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Certain groups need protection from themselves: Children, "backwards" societies} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Harvard Ethics Class}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{link="http://www.justiceharvard.org/watch/"\}\}Harvard University's Justice with Michael Sandel\{\{/link\}\} These are excellent videos discussing a variety of topics relating to ethics. Each video contains 2 classes, roughly 30 minutes each class.% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Thomas Hobbes}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{ Video: http://youtu.be/eejsB6PbaAk} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{youtube:eejsB6PbaAk \newline  \newline {\emph{"Leviathan"}} \newline  \newline Nature of man is a state of war against every man against other men. Materialist. Temporary happiness is all that can be achieved in this life.  \newline  \newline Traits like GRATITUDE \& MODESTY enable people to live harmoniously together in society. \newline Life is solitary, nasty, brutish, and short.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HOBBES}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{a free man is he that in those things which by his strength and wit he is able to do is not hindered to do what he hath the will to do}} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
                                           - Leviathan% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Thomas Hobbes}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{State of nature: Man's natural state = war \& violence \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Right of nature: Power of others constrains our acts \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
Laws of nature: Fear + desire for good life = peace \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Laws \& enforcement that make up the social contract. Ethical laws originate from agreements entered into by people \& groups. = Social Contracts = give up some freedoms to get safety \& group benefits \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 4)
Need absolute monarch to rule society \& rebellion not allowed.% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Corrective Justice}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{Voluntary} \seqsplit{Transactions} & Compensatory & \seqsplit{Retributive} & Restorative \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
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\seqsplit{Contracts}, etc. & Limited to correcting injured party for losses suffered. & Punsh \seqsplit{wrongdoer} & Community reprations. Restore both parties. \tn 
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 &  & "eye for an eye" &  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Distributive Jusice}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Deals with how goods are distributed fairly in a society. Finite number of things. Laws that govern the country. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{Rawls}} - inequality justified only when it benefits everyone (encourage people to be more productive) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
{\bf{Libertarian}} - diversity in society is valuable and people should have freedom to keep what they earned. Never ok to take from one to give it to another. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 4)
{\bf{Rousseau}} - excessive inequality destroys freedom if wealthy act like tyrants% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{It's all about {\bf{REASON}}}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Aristotle}} Man alone is a rational animal and rationality (reason) should be used, among other things, to develop virtues. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
Reason develops virtue, virtuous people have certain emotions which lead to right acts. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
Virtue of Character = using reason to choose and act well \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
Virtue of intellect = acquired wisdom or learning \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
{\bf{Kant}} lived a life of structure and reason as reflected in his ethical concepts. {\emph{Critique of Pure Reason}} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 3)
{\bf{Aquinas}} Natural Law + reason = we should do what's naturally good and allow reason to restrain us from "natural" impulses that are bad \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 3)
{\bf{Stoics}}% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Empiricism, Rationalism, Pure Reason}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Name several Empirical philosophers} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Locke, Hume, Bacon} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is Empiricism?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Reasoning from senses using hard facts. (a posteriori)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is Rationalism?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Some things are known without experience.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Name some Rational philosophers.} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Descartes, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Leibniz, Spinoza} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What was Kants view of reason?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Transcendental Idealism. "Critique of Pure Reason". Some reason we were born with (a priori) and some things we discover through experience.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Imperatives}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\} \{\{fa-check-square-o\}\} Categorical Imperative: Do X \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\{\{fa-check-square-o\}\} Hypothetical Imperative: \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
If you want X, do Y\{\{ac\}\}% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HUME}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Naturalistic fallacy: can't get an "ought" from an "is"}}% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Natural Law \& Natural Rights}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Natural Law}} is determined by nature = universal (universe is morally neutral). Refers to the use of reason to analyze human nature and deduce rules of moral behavior from it.  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
Supporters: Thomas Aquinas, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke.  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Because of the intersection between {\bf{natural law}} and {\bf{natural rights}}, it has been cited as a component in the United States Declaration of Independence  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 4)
{\emph{Locke: Life, Liberty \& Property.}} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
{\emph{Jefferson: Life, Liberty \& the Pursuit of Happiness}}  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\{\{link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural\_law"\}\}Wikipedia = Natural Law\{\{/link\}\} \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
{\bf{Natural rights}} are those not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of any particular culture or government, and therefore universal and inalienable (i.e., rights that cannot be repealed or restrained by human laws). \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 5)
\{\{link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural\_and\_legal\_rights"\}\}Wikipedia = Natural Rights\{\{/link\}\}% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{It's all about {\bf{PLEASURE}}}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Hedonist maximize net pleasure (minus pain) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Epicurian (moderation) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Egoism (long term rational personal self interest) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
Asceticism (no good for yourself - like spiritual people who deny all pleasure) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Altruism (what's good for others, not necessarily self) \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
Consequences? PLEASURE!% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Jeremy Bentham}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434052490_bentham.png}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Utilitarianism - greatest good for greatest number of people. Group happiness. Consequential. Hedonic Calculus. Don't abuse animals because they feel pain. \newline  \newline Modified the philosophy of Epicurus (the first utilitarian). \newline  \newline Motivated the Philosophical Radicals (group of social reformers in early 19th cent) Human happiness not natural rights. Universal male suffrage. \newline  \newline {\emph{Yes, that's Bentham's embalmed head at the foot of his body. You really should look into THIS guy!}}}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bentham's Hedonistic Calculus}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Intensity (I)-{}-How intense is the pleasure or pain? \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
2.Duration  (D)-{}-How long does the pleasure of pain last? \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
3.Certainty (C)-{}-What is the probability that the pleasure or pain will occur? \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
4. Propinquity  (nearness or Remoteness) (R)-{}-How far off in the future is the pleasure or pain? \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
5.Fecundity  (F)-{}-What is the probability that the pleasure will lead to other pleasures? \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
6.Purity (P)-{}-What is the probability that the pain will lead to other pains? \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
7.Extent (E)-{}-How many persons are affected by the pleasure? \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
{\emph{Memory tip: PC FRIED}}% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BENTAHM}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Greatest Happiness Principle}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
{\emph{Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.}}% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Greatest Happiness Principle}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Utilitarianism - Jeremy Bentham's formulation  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
One must always act so as to produce the greatest aggregate happiness among all sentient beings, within reason.  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3)
John Stuart Mill's major contribution to utilitarianism is his argument for the qualitative separation of pleasures. Bentham treats all forms of happiness as equal, whereas Mill argues that intellectual and moral pleasures (higher pleasures - Shakespeare) are superior to more physical forms of pleasure (lower pleasures - The Simpsons).% Row Count 11 (+ 7)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BENTHAM}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Attacked the notion of natural rights as \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
{\emph{"simply nonsense: natural and imprescriptible rights, rhetorical nonsense -{}- nonsense upon stilts"}}% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hume}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Our moral actions are not guided by reason but by our feelings.  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Doing good gives people pleasure.  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Virtue is driven not by benevolence and sympathy (not self-interest) \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
Slave to passions% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{REMEMBER THIS...}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A few memory tips... \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
"Treatise of HUMan Nature" written by HUMe \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
"Man is the MEASURE of all things" by PROT(ractor)AGORAS \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
{\emph{a priori}} = PRIOR knowledge, {\emph{a posteriori}} = POST = "after" knowledge% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Determinism}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434064598_determinism.png}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Thoughts, behaviors and decisions have to happen because previous events and laws of nature determine them.  \newline  \newline pre-destination \textasciitilde{} determinism \newline  \newline Conflicts with philosophies based on concepts of individual freedom.}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Prima Facie Duties}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{W.D. Ross}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
{\emph{The Right and the Good}} (1930) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Best known for developing a pluralist, deontological form of intuitionist ethics. Edited and translated many of Aristotle's works.  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
1. beneficence \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
2. non-maleficence \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
3. justice \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
4. self-improvement \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
5. reparation \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
6. gratitude \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
7. fidelity (promise keeping) \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
In a situation, many of these duties may apply. Sometimes they may contradict one another. One duty is always the weightiest and over-rules all the others. This is the absolute obligation or absolute duty, the action that the person ought to perform. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 6)
I promise to meet my friend for lunch at 12:00. On they way I walk past a burning building and see some children who need help escaping. What do I do? \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 4)
Kant - keep the promised lunch date \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
Ross - helping the children outweighs the other promise keeping duty so do that first% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{It's all about {\bf{LOYALTY}}}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Josiah Royce}} extended Kant's deontological path \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Highest duty = loyalty and other duties flow from it \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
Autonomy + Justice + Benevolence = Loyalty% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mastering DSST Exams}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434464978_dsst.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Chapters about each of these DSST tests:  \newline Ethics in America, Introduction to Computing, Principles of Supervision, Substance Abuse, Business Mathematics, Principles of Public Speaking, Fundamentals of College Algebra, Technical Writing \newline  \newline Each chapter contains a Diagnostic Test (20 questions), several pages of information about the topic followed by a post test (60 questions) \newline  \newline Find it \{\{link="http://www.amazon.com/Official-Guide-Mastering-DSST-Exams/dp/076892832X"\}\}here\{\{/link\}\} on Amazon}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Categorical Imperative}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Kant}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
 - Act only according to the maxim by which you can a the same time will that is should become a universal law. {\emph{Universality}} If I can do it, everyone can do it. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 4)
 - Act so you treat humanity (self/others) as an END and never merely as a MEANS.% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{KANT}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434383300_metaphysics.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Metaphysics of Morals. }} \newline {\emph{Critique of pure reason. }} \newline {\emph{Doctrine of Right, Doctrine of Virtue}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{It's all about {\bf{DUTY}}}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Deontologists. Kant.% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Economic Inequality}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Egalitarian}} - drastic inequality is unfair \& unethical \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{Rawls}} - people in "original position" would oppose inequality unless it was justified to all \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
{\bf{Act \& Rule Utilitarians}} - relief of poverty would bring greatest happiness to greatest number \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
{\bf{Nozick}} - unethical to tax labor of one to give to another% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Animal Rights}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Historically, animals were outside the ethical frame. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Bentham, Utilitarian = animals can experience pleasure or pain. This consideration must be balanced against any offsetting benefit.% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Carol Gilligan}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{ Video: http://youtu.be/2W_9MozRoKE} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{youtube:2W\_9MozRoKE \newline  \newline 1936- American educator/psychologist.  \newline  \newline Watching young boys/girls play games. Observed even in young children, boys tend to be oriented towards the "rules of the game" while girls are less focused on rules and often quit playing to avoid conflict.	 \newline  \newline {\bf{Ethics of Justice}} = Men = rules \textgreater{} emotions \newline {\bf{Ethics of Care}} = Women = Consider relationships \& responsibilities}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{It's all about {\bf{DIVINE COMMAND}}}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What God commands is ethically right and what God prohibits is ethically wrong. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
(If God doesn't mention it, we assume it is "maybe OK".) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
Hebrew Bible \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
Christian Bible \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
Islam \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
Aquinas (Christian + Stoic + Aristotle) (Natural Law) \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
(Natural Law = God commands it because it is wrong)% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{GANDHI}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{"I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent. "}}% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gandhi}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434487761_gandhi.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Universe = organic whole  \newline  \newline Philosophy = several planes - the spiritual or religious, moral, political, economic, social, individual and collective. God at core. Human nature = fundamentally virtuous. All are believed to be capable of high moral development and reform. \newline  \newline TRUTH \& NONVIOLENCE \newline  \newline emphasis on practical idealism rooted in highest religious idealism \newline  \newline Read \{\{link="http://www.gandhiserve.org/information/brief\_philosophy/brief\_philosophy.html"\}\}more\{\{/link\}\}.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{GANDHI}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{"I believe in equality for everyone, except reporters and photographers. "}}% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Libertarians}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{opposed to political restrictions on individual freedom. Respect for other people means letting them pursue their own concept of what is good. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
Freedom of speech, religion \& privacy \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
freedom from coercive interference from the government \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Minimal government \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
Locke, Rand, Mill, Nozick*% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{NOZICK}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Individuals have rights and there are things no person or group may do to them (without violating their rights).}}% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nozick}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Compared income tax to forced labor and stated that the redistribution of wealth is only justifiable when it is resolving a past injustice.  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
Libertarian* Later in life he recanted the libertarian position because of implications for the weakest members of society.% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{John Locke}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434042385_Locke.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Life, Liberty \& Property. Tabula Rosa. Empiricist. Father of Classical Liberalism. Treatise on Civil Government, Human Nature.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Immanuel Kant}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/magma1313_1434045685_Immanuel Kant.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Moral law.  He was a proponent of duty.  Motive based on duty=moral.   \newline  \newline Categorical Imperative= would you still think it is virtuous if everyone did it?  Tell us what to do NOT based on desires.  People can only be the end not the means to an end \newline  \newline Doctrine of right=justice \& law \newline  \newline Doctrine of virtue=ethics \& virtue \newline  \newline Hypothetical Imperative=people who want to achieve a goal they refer to..?}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hobbes/Locke}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{ Video: http://youtu.be/N2LVcu01QEU} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{John Locke compared to Thomas Hobbes \newline  \newline {\bf{youtube:N2LVcu01QEU}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Emotivism}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434049992_yay.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Emotivism is a meta-ethical view that claims ethical sentences do not express propositions but emotional attitudes (also known as the hurrah/boo theory) \newline  - Ayer \newline  \newline "Stealing is wrong." This is just an emotional opinion that relates solely to how I feel about this issue.}  \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Corrective Justice - Types of Punishment}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434382186_justice.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Disablement}} - placing convicted criminal in prison or executing \newline  \newline {\bf{Deterrence}} - potential criminals attempt to avoid being imprisoned/executed, so they do not commit crimes \newline  \newline {\bf{Rehabilitation}} - prisoners spend time earning an education or learning a trade that can be used once released from prison to avoid the lure of criminal activity.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Prescriptivism}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Using moral statements to prescribe a general course of action. "Stealing is wrong, so no one should steal."% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Intuitionism}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{You instinctively know if it is right or wrong. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
"Come on man, you know it's not right to steal that."% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{SOCRATES}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{"An unexamined life is not worth living"}}% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Branches of Ethics}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Descriptive}} = Describes ethical standards of a society \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{Normative}} = evaluates and searches for norms in a society, what people should believe to be right or wrong \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
{\bf{Applied}} = applying ethics to specific problems \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
{\bf{Meta-Ethics}} = studying the nature \& meaning of moral judgments, terms \& concepts% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{link="http://people.umass.edu/klement/160/intro-et.pdf"\}\}Click here\{\{/link\}\} for a pdf (UMass Amherst) with lots of good information describing the difference.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Alison Jaggar}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434053266_jagger.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Feminist Ethics \newline  \newline She was instrumental in the creation of the field of feminist studies, and taught what she believes to have been the first feminist philosophy course ever offered}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Utilitarianism}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Utilitarianism - What brings about the greatest good for the greatest number of people? \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
 - Bentham, Mills% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Act Utilitarianism: The act which brings the greatest increase in overall happiness.  Varies with circumstance. \newline  \newline Rule Utilitarianism: Follow moral rules}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BENTHAM}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{"It is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong"}}% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Augustine}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Thelogian/Philosopher - Happiness is the basis for philosophy.  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Happiness is growing in the knowledge of God. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Man's original nature: depraved \& bound by original sin.% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Buddhism}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434061164_buddha.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Reincarnation or nirvana \newline Ancestors are honored but not particular gods \newline  \newline Siddhartha Gautama "Buddha" - the enlightened one (was a Brahmin priest) \newline  \newline Life is suffering. 4 noble truths. Live helpful life. Eightfold path. \newline  \newline Happiness comes from being loving, compassionate, patient, forgiving and responsible. \newline  \newline Actions \& Duties}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BUDDHA}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{And what, monks, is Right View? It is, monks, the knowledge of suffering, the knowledge of the origin of suffering, the knowledge of the cessation of suffering, and the knowledge of the way of practice leading to the cessation of suffering. This is called Right View.}}% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BUDDHA}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Holy community (Aryasamgha)}}  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
The reality of human interdependence with all other beings. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
cultivate universal awareness, including harmony with nature. Our most important duty is not to harm living beings (ahimsa). All living beings, not just humans, have a correlative right not to be harmed.% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Socrates}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{"I know that I know nothing"}}% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quizlet Cards}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{link="https://quizlet.com/84428844/dsst-ethics-flash-cards/"\}\}Link to my flashcards about ethics.\{\{/link\}\} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\{\{link="https://quizlet.com/85677044/philosophers-their-work-flash-cards/"\}\}Link to my flashcards about philosophers and their work (quotes or writings).\{\{/link\}\}% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Thucydides}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{"Might Makes Right" {\emph{ History of the Peloponnesian Wars}}.  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Athens vs. Melos \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Domestic=social contract,  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Foreign policy=no contract (strongest state rules). \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Individuals are basically selfish and not moderated by moral rules (very cynical \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
of human nature).% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Aristotle}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434581981_moral virtue.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{link="http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/ethics/section2.rhtml"\}\}Sparks Notes\{\{/link\}\} \newline  \newline {\bf{Moral virtues}} - indicate excellence of character =  temperance, courage, self- respect, gentleness, truthfulness, generosity (liberality). {\emph{(learn by habit \& practice)}} \newline  \newline {\bf{Intellectual virtues}} - scientific knowledge, intuition, practical wisdom, skill \& wisdom (scientific knowledge + intuition). {\emph{(learn through instruction)}} \newline  \newline Autonomy of will to choose mean}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sophists}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{teachers/lecturers of virtue \& excellence (not philosophers) who taught their beliefs for a high price in Athens where there was free speech and money \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
Protagoras \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
1st Relativist - relies on persuasion more than truth. Every point of view is equally valid and different people have different standards of behavior \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
Growing democratic system in Ancient Greece most likely led to it. They traveled around talking politics with Athenian citizens who were required to participate in politics.% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MILL}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{"Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness"}}  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
                                                                       - Utilitarianism% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Adam Smith}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434063953_smith.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Founder of capitalism.  \newline  \newline Common good of society advances when individuals focus on benefiting themselves (moral egoism)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{It's all about {\bf{HAPPINESS}}}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mill, Bentham, Headonists, Aristotle, Kant, Socrates, Epictitus% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{John Stuart Mill}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Father = Member of Radicals, friend of Bentham. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
"On Liberty". Utilitarian. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Only time government has moral authority to limit person's liberty is when harm may occur otherwise.  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
"The Subjugation of Women"% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{St. Thomas Aquinas}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434377538_aquinas.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A 13th century Catholic priest who drew a connection between theology \& science. He believed learning about nature was a way to learn about God.  \newline  \newline Just War \newline {\emph{Summa Theologica}} \newline  \newline 4 Cardinal Virtues : prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance \newline  \newline 7 Deadly Sins: pride, avarice, lust, envy, gluttony, anger, sloth \newline  \newline Natural laws are self evident \newline  \newline Laws should punish offenders.  \newline  \newline People have a natural inclination to want to protect life \& be good. \newline  \newline Liked Aristotle and added faith, hope \& love.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ARISTOTLE}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Everything in life has a purpose% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Moral Law}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Similar to physical, scientific laws in that it is universal. Can be discovered through human nature and reason.  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
Natural law theory \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Social contract theory \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
Kantism% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{It's all about {\bf{CONSEQUENCES}}}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Action is good/bad based on consequences of the action. Focuses on outcomes, not actions. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Hedonism = pleasure/pain \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Epicurus = pleasure, no gods influence, moderation \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
Cyrenean = anything goes \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
Utilitarianism = good if good consequences outweigh bad for all \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
Altruism = welfare of others more important than self \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
Egoism = all about me% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Morals vs. Ethics}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ethics}} = wider view (society, workplace) of what's right or wrong \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{Morals}} = someone's personal values \& feelings about ethical subjects% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Roe v. Wade}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1973 Supreme Court ruling. Woman has non-absolute right to choose abortion during the 1st trimester of pregnancy. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
1st trimester (1-3 months) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
 - Woman's sole choice \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
 - State has no authority \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
2nd trimester (4-6 months) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
 - Woman's choice \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
 - State may intervene only to protect woman's life \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
3rd trimester (7-birth) \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
 - State may protect "potential human life" except at risk to mother% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LOCKE}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434385986_human.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Human Understanding}} Reason}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Various Ethical Perspectives}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Utilitarian} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}the one that will produce the greatest benefits and least harm} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Kantian} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}the one that most dutifully respects the rights of all affected} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Social Contract} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}the one that contributes most to the achievement of a quality common life together} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Virtue Theory} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}the one that embodies the habits and values of humans at their best (right being over right action)} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ask each of these perspectives the question: \newline  \newline \{\{ac\}\}{\emph{"What is the ethical action?"}}\{\{ac\}\} \newline and they would say....}  \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cosmogony}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ancient Greek theory that deals with the origin of the universe, especially the solar system.  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Cosmogony can be distinguished from cosmology, which studies the universe at large and throughout its existence, and which technically does not inquire directly into the source of its origins. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 4)
Physical cosmology is the science that attempts to explain all observations relevant to the development and characteristics of the universe as a whole.  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 4)
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model of the early development of the universe% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PYTHAGORAS}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pythagorean theorem:}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
{\emph{" The sum of the areas of the two squares on the legs (a and b) equals the area of the square on the hypotenuse (c)."}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3)
a2 + b2 = c2% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pythagoras}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434485764_protag.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pre-Socratic Philosopher \newline  \newline Ionian Greek, mathematician, founder of "Pythagoreanism" c 570 – c. 495 BC \newline  \newline Great mathematician \& scientist. (Pythagorean theorem) \newline  \newline The philosophy associated with him was related to mathematics and numbers were important/magic. Reincarnation. Cosmologist. \newline  \newline He may have been the first man to call himself a philosopher, or lover of wisdom.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RESOURCES}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{link="http://mariannetalbot.co.uk/ethics-an-introduction/"\}\}Ethics: An Introduction\{\{/link\}\} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Marianne Talbot is Director Of Studies in Philosophy at the University of Oxford's Department for Continuing Education \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
Series of 7 lectures from her class.  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
This series is the basis for OUDCE's short online course Ethics: an Introduction% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Why do people do wrong?}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Rousseau}} Society has corrupted them \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
{\bf{Socrates}} Don't have knowledge of right% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RESOURCES}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434376371_Ethics Graphics.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{link="http://www.amazon.com/Introducing-Ethics-Graphic-Dave-Robinson/dp/1848310080/ref=sr\_1\_1?ie=UTF8\&qid=1434376085\&sr=8-1\&keywords=ethics+graphic+guide"\}\}Introducing Ethics: A Graphic Guide.\{\{/link\}\} \newline  \newline Get it on Amazon or from the local library.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{AQUINAS}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{"An unjust law is no law at all"}}% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{John Rawls}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{ Video: http://youtu.be/A8GDEaJtbq4&index=55&list=PLAZB0DTmEXqc3s6nuXBzWIbw0BqBBJjuK} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Veil of Ignorance. Original position. Difference principle. Inequality is only acceptable if it works to the advantage of the worst off in a society.  \newline "Justice as Fairness". Theory of Justice. \newline  \newline {\bf{youtube:A8GDEaJtbq4\&index=55\&list=PLAZB0DTmEXqc3s6nuXBzWIbw0BqBBJjuK}} \newline  \newline \{\{ac\}\}{\emph{This link includes a playlist of many videos I found helpful.}}\{\{ac\}\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{It's all about {\bf{JUSTICE}}}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434050331_rawls.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John\_Rawls"\}\}John Rawls\{\{/link\}\}  "Theory of Justice". {\emph{(Aristotle also defines Justice in "Nichomachean Ethics")}}}  \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Just War}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is Jus ad Bellum?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}When use of force is justified. (right to go to war)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is Jus in Bello?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Ethical behavior during a war.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Who outlined this theory?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Thomas Aquinas} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the 3 criteria that need to be met in order to go to war?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}1. Authorized by proper authority.  2. Good reason (self defense)  3. Peace is the ultimate goal} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What 3 criteria neet to be met in during the conduct of a war?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}1. War against military only and not civilians.  2. Use of proportional force.  3. Use of minimal force.} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 5)
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{SOCRATES}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{"Committing an injustice is worse than suffering one."}}% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Aristotle's Justice}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434402351_justices.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Universal (lawful, right, for all)  \newline  \newline Particular (distributive, retribution - 2 people)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Study Helps}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434049479_wise owl.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{link="http://www.amazon.com/Dantes-Subject-Standardized-Ethics-America/dp/1440486549/ref=sr\_1\_1?ie=UTF8\&qid=1434049287\&sr=8-1\&keywords=wise+owl+dsst+ethics+in+america"\}\}Wise Owl Guide to DSST Ethics in America\{\{/link\}\} is a great study help when preparing for this test. It even comes with a sample quiz in the back.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Slightly describing meta ethics}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{ Video: http://youtu.be/5uLH8yro8_I} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Meta-ethics = branch of philosophy concerned with what makes moral statements true or false or if they even can be right or wrong}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Metaphysics}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Morality should be valued in itself and relate to our understanding of the world and our place in it. Moral choices are related to our understanding of life.% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ARISTOTLE}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Golden Mean - the desirable middle between two extremes, one of excess and the other of deficiency \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
recklessness    -{}-{}-    {\bf{courage}}  -{}-{}-      cowardice% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Jean-Jacques Rousseau}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434052130_rousseau.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{"The Social Contract". Man's original nature = good. {\bf{General Will}} - vote is the best thing for most people in a society. Direct Democracy. People can revolt at any time. Inspiration for the French Revolution. DON'T give up freedoms to a government. No political parties - everyone should represent themselves and participate in making \& obeying laws. Disobey laws = forced to be free.   \newline  \newline People are naturally inclined to self protection \& pity others \newline  \newline {\emph{Discourse on Political Economy}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Snazzlefrag's Study Notes}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{link="http://www.free-clep-prep.com/support-files/snazzlefrags-ethics-in-america-dsst-study-notes.pdf"\}\} Snazzlefrag's Notes to help you study for the DSST exam.\{\{/link\}\}% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hinduism}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434060794_hinduism.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Body dies, soul immortal.  \newline  \newline Ahimsa - do no harm \newline Vedic, Bhagavadgita - writings \newline Samsara - religion \newline karma - actions determine what happens to you \newline Dharma - righteous duties of person to people and gods. \newline  \newline Brahmins, Kshatriyas, vaisyas, sudras, pariah (untouchables) \newline  \newline Cows are sacred \newline  \newline Actions \& Duties}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Plato's Soul}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434054021_chariot.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{"The Republic" The Soul can be compared to an Ideal City. \newline  \newline Reason (Intellect) = Rulers (Philosopher-kings) \newline  \newline Appetite (desire) = Workers (producers motivated by some greed) \newline  \newline Spirit (emotions, honor) = Guardians/Warriors (unselfish, moral \& courageous) \newline  \newline Political justice replaces democracy \& tyranny \newline 1. Rule: non contradiction \newline 2. reason contradicts appetite so they are separate \newline 3. spirit contradicts appetite \& reason so it too must be separate}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{It's all about {\bf{EXCELLENCE}}}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The pursuit of excellence is most often linked with Ancient Greece.% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arete}} Greek word -  in its basic sense, means "excellence of any kind".}  \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Stoicism}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{ Video: http://youtu.be/VqmOs8Zqw5o} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{youtube:VqmOs8Zqw5o}} \newline  \newline Absolute law rules the universe and humans can't change fate.  \newline  \newline Virtue requires living \& acting according to reason and self-control \newline  \newline Epictetus (Roman slave tortured by his master exemplified this philosophy)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Epictetus}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{the Handbook "Enchiridion"% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nel Noddings}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434658903_noddings.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Focused her research on origins of care within the home (parent-child relationships) \newline  \newline Natural caring - care because of attachment, friendship or love \newline  \newline Ethical caring - care because it's the "right thing to do"}  \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RAND}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{If some men are entitled by right to the products of the work of others, it means that those others are deprived of rights and condemned to slave labor. Any alleged "right" of one man, which necessitates the violation of the rights of another, is not and cannot be a right.}}% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ayn Rand}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{ Video: http://youtu.be/HXtiDVYvVK8} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Me, Me, Me, Me... \newline Egoism, Consequential. No man has the right to force another to do something. Reason = values and action. Objectivism - Rational happiness is the highest moral purpose. Opposed Kant. \newline  \newline {\bf{youtube:HXtiDVYvVK8}} \newline  \newline {\emph{Fountainhead}} \newline {\emph{Atlas Shrugged}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{KANT}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{a priori}} - you are born with some intuitions that you know to be true before you have any experience (Plato's forms, Descartes, Aquinas) Causality, Space, Substance, Time (CSST)  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
{\bf{a posteriori}} - ideas form after contact with reality. Relies on information from your experience (Empiricism, Hume, Mill) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 3)
{\bf{Phenomena}} are the appearances, which constitute our experience - refers to anything that appears to, or is an object of, the senses \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 3)
 {\bf{noumena}} are the (presumed) things themselves, which constitute reality - object or event that is known (if at all) without the use of the senses (Plato ideas = noumenal realm) \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 4)
Our a priori judgments apply to the phenomenal realm, not the noumenal.% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Double Effect Principle}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434390126_double effect'.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Summa Theologica - St. Thomas Aquinas \newline  \newline Action can have 2 effects - Good \& Bad \newline  \newline 1. Object of act must be good. Do good, avoid evil. \newline 2. Bad must not have been intended but can be tolerated as foreseen \newline 3. Good can't come from result of evil effect. \newline 4. Foreseen good greater than or equal to evil tolerated.  \newline  \newline Never ok to do evil even if good results}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Suicide}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Plato - wrong unless gods encourage it \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Stoic - acceptable when it seems like a reasonable and justifiable act \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
Jews \& Christians - believe God prohibits suicide \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Utilitarian - moral only if increases total happiness of everyone involved \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Kant - always an immoral act% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Euthanasia}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434379694_euthanasia.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Active - killing a sick or injured person for the sake of mercy, possibly giving  a high dosage of drugs \newline  \newline Passive - letting someone die without attempting to save them \newline  \newline Voluntary euthanasia - Competent and completely informed patient freely requests/consents to death \newline  \newline Nonvoluntary euthanasia - incompetent patient or one who has not given consent  \newline  \newline Involuntary euthanasia - Intentionally killing a patient against his/her will - considered murder \newline  \newline Autonomy = informed consent}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Kohlberg}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/magma1313_1434463699_Kohlberg's 6 Stages.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Heinz Dilemma - a man's wife is dying and the pharmacist who found the cure wants to sell it at a high price.  The man cannot afford the medicine and the pharmacist is not willing to negotiate.  Should he steal, kill? \newline  \newline 3 stages of moral development \newline 1. Pre-moral a. Obedience v.s. development  \newline 2. Conventional c. good boy, girl-boys and girls are good so they are seen as being a good person.  d. law and social order start \newline 3.  Post-conventional e. Social Contract  f. universal ethical principle}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RESOURCES}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434470948_dantes.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{link="http://www.dantestestprep.com/free-study-guides-and-practice-tests/pdfs/DTP-Ethics-in-America-Study-Guide-And-Practice-Test.pdf"\}\}DANTES test prep\{\{/link\}\} \newline  \newline Good information for reviewing the test. Practice test at the end.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PROTAGORAS}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{"Concerning the gods, I have no means of knowing whether they exist or not, nor of what sort they may be, because of the obscurity of the subject, and the brevity of human life."% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Protagoras}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sparkledaisy_1434487257_protagoras.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{link="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagoras"\}\}Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher\{\{/link\}\} \newline  \newline Invented role of professional sophist. (says Plato) Created major controversy stating, "Man is the measure of all things", interpreted by Plato to mean there is no absolute truth, but what individuals deem to be the truth. \newline  \newline Credited with relativism \newline  \newline Agnostic}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PROTAGORAS}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{"Man is the measure of all things"}}% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Virtue Ethics}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Emphasizes {\emph{right being}} over {\emph{right action}}. A person of virtuous character can be depended on to do the right thing. Not an alternative to right conduct theories (utilitarianism \& deontological) but complements them. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 5)
Supporters: Buddhism, Taoism, feminist care ethics, Hume's moral philosophies, Aristotle, Jesus \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
Confucian (virtue ethics + deontology)% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ARISTOTLE}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{We are not concerned to know what goodness is, but how we are to become good men, for this alone gives the study (of ethics) its practical value.}}% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Virtue \& Vice}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{virtue}} = admirable character trait or disposition habitually act to benefit self \& others \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{vice}} = character trait or disposition to act in a manner that harms self \& others% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Epictetus}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{55-135 AD \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
People can't change fate because absolute law rules the universe. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
Roman slave gained freedom. Used Socrates teaching style.  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
Stoic \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
Virtuous happy life in the middle of uncertainty "do what's in accordance with nature" \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
Universal brotherhood \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
Virtue = choose rightly, free will, nothing forces choice, complete self control, choose reason% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}