\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Simon Fermor (Simon Fermor)} \pdfinfo{ /Title (ruby-essentials-for-kids.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Simon Fermor (Simon Fermor)) /Subject (Ruby Essentials for Kids Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{249BA3} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F1F8F9} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Ruby Essentials for Kids Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Simon Fermor (Simon Fermor)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/1330/cs/4499/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Simon Fermor (Simon Fermor) \\ \uline{cheatography.com/simon-fermor} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 4th July, 2015.\\ Updated 10th May, 2016.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Command Line}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{From the command prompt run Ruby, providing the name of a file with source code: \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) \$ ruby my\_source-code.rb% Row Count 3 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interactive Ruby}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The Interactive Ruby Shell can be used for interactive programming: \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) \$ irb \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1) \textgreater{}\textgreater{}% Row Count 4 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Loading files}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{In IRB, files can be loaded using the load command: \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) \textgreater{}\textgreater{} load 'script\_name.rb'% Row Count 3 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Input}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{gets gets a string e.g.: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) direction = gets.chomp% Row Count 2 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Indentation}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Useful but not necessary.% Row Count 1 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{If / Else Loops}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{if my\_variable\_is\_true \&\& \seqsplit{my\_other\_variable\_is\_true} \newline dosomething \newline elseif !my\_next\_variable\_is\_false \newline dosomethingelse \newline else \newline dothis \newline end} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{for loop - next}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{next skips to the next element% Row Count 1 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Unless}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{unless my\_variable\_is\_true \newline \# dosomething \newline end} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Console output}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Use puts to display output.% Row Count 1 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Object methods}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} object\_id & The object ID \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Data Types}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Boolean & true or false \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{numbers} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} strings & ' or " quoted \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Number methods}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{odd} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{even} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.74655 cm} x{4.23045 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{String Methods}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} * & Repeat string \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{length} & Number of characters in the string \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{reverse} & A string with characters listed in reverse \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{to\_sym} & Convert to symbol \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{String Interpolation}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Can be used to insert variable values in a double quoted string: \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) "String with interpolation: \#\{variable\_name\}"% Row Count 3 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{1.04517 cm} x{3.93183 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Operators}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} + & 2+2 \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} - & 5-3 \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} * & 5*3 \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} / & 8/2 \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} next & The next number \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} pred & The predecessor \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{1.9908 cm} p{2.9862 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Logical Operators}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \&\& & and \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} || & or \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ! & not \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Comparison operators}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \textless{} & less than \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \textgreater{} & greater than \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \textless{}= & less than or equal to \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \textgreater{}= & greater than or equal to \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} != & not equal to \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ranges}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{.. from first to last \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) ... from first to predecessor before last% Row Count 2 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Symbols}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Created using : \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) eg string\_test = :test\_symbol \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1) More efficient than strings - only stored once% Row Count 3 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{1.54287 cm} x{3.43413 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Symbol methods}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} to\_s & To string \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arrays}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Described in {[}{]} with items delimited by commas: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) meal = {[}'breakfast', 'lunch', 'dinner'{]}% Row Count 2 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.89586 cm} x{4.08114 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Array methods}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} new & Create an array \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \textless{}\textless{} & Append to the end of an array \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} empty? & Is array empty \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} shift & Remove front element from array \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{unshift} & Add new element at front of array \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} pop & Remove element from end of array \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} push & Add element to end of array \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Array loop}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{for my\_placeholder in my\_array \newline next if something\_is\_true \newline do\_something \newline end} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Array loop example 2}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_array.each do |my\_placeholder| \newline next if something\_is\_true \newline do\_something \newline end} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Array loop example 3}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{my\_array.each \{ |my\_placeholder| next if something\_is\_true do\_something \}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hashes}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Contain key value pairs. Can use symbols for keys.% Row Count 2 (+ 2) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.33459 cm} x{1.64241 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hash methods}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} has\_key? & Has the key \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} has\_value? & Has the value \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} my\_hash{[}:my\_key{]} = my\_value & Set has value \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{References}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ruby Wizardry by Eric Weinstein% Row Count 1 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Defining Methods}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{def my\_method(argument\_1, \newline argument\_with\_default = 1, \newline *splat\_argument) \newline \# method body \newline \# use return keyword to return a value \newline \# better practice to omit return keyword \newline puts "argument\_1: \#\{argument\_1\}" \newline puts \seqsplit{"argument\_with\_default:} \#\{argument\_with\_default\}" \newline return splat.length \newline end} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Yield in Blocks}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The yield keyword is used to invoke a calling block from within a method. Control is passed back to the method after the block has been invoked.% Row Count 3 (+ 3) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}