\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Siffi (Siffi)} \pdfinfo{ /Title (hip-muscles.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Siffi (Siffi)) /Subject (Hip Muscles Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{34A34E} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F2F9F3} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Hip Muscles Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Siffi (Siffi)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/122609/cs/23469/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Siffi (Siffi) \\ \uline{cheatography.com/siffi} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 3rd February, 2021.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{2} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Iliopsoas}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610816954_IMG20210116165514.jpg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Psoas Major}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Origin:}} TVPs of T12-L4 + lateral aspects of the discs between them} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Insertion:}} Lesser Trochanter of the femur} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Nerve:}} Lumbar plexus - anterior branches of L1-L3 nerves} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Action:}} Flexion of hip, flexion of upper lx, extension of lower lx} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Antagonist - Glut Max} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Psoas Major - Palpation}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610817030_IMG20210116165537.jpg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Psoas Major - Trigger Points}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610489852_tirsd.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- Patients with unilateral iliopsoas TrP tend to feel LBP that runs up and down the spine. Pain from bilateral TrPs tends to be felt across the back as in QL and rectus abdominis TrPs \newline - Iliopsoas TrPs do not cause pain on deep inspiration or coughing whereas QL TrPs do \newline - TrPs in Psoas may be associated with spinal manipulable lesions around the thoracolumbar junction} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Iliopsoas Minor}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Sometimes absent} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Origin:}} lies anterior to psoas major, sides of the bodies of 12th tx and first lx and from the disc inbetween them} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Insertion:}} Pecineal line and iliopectineal eminence and laterally to the iliac fascia} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{NS:}} Lumbar plexus Ventral rami L1} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Action:}} Flexion of the trunk} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Trps same as Psoas Major} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Psoas minor syndrome where an overly taught psoas minor mimics appendicitis. \newline - Taught band on RLQ of the abdomen} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Iliacus}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{Origin:}} superior 2/3 of concavitiy of the iliac fossa, inner lip of the iliac crest, ventral SI and iliolumbar ligaments and upper surface of the lateral part of the sacrum} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{Insertion:}} Lesser trochanter of the femur} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{NS:}} Femoral nerve L2-L3} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{Action:}} Flexion and external rotation of the thigh} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{TrPs same as psoas} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Illiacus - Palpation}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610817089_IMG20210116165553.jpg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Levator Ani}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610490526_levator.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Consists of:}} \newline - Ischiococcygeus \newline - Iliococcygeus \newline - Pubococcygeus} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ischiococcygeus}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- At posterosuperior portion} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Attached to pelvic surface and tip of the iliac spine} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Base attached to lateral margins of coccyx and 5th sacral segment} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Usually tendinous than muscular} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Sometimes fused with sacrospinous ligament} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Iliococcygeus}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Attached to inner surface of ischial spine} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Posterior fibres attached to the tip of the sacrum and coccyx} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pubococcygeus}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Attached to the back of the body of the pubis} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Medial fibres run lateral to the urethra and its sphincter \seqsplit{(puboperinealis/pubourethralis))}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Forms part of the urethral sphincter - fibres decussate across the midline directly behind urethra} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- In males, fibres lie lateral and inferior to the prostrate (levator prostatae) In females the fibres form a sling around the posterior wall of the vagina ( pubovaginalis)} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 4) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{NS:}} 2nd and 3rd sacral spinal segments from pundendal nerve} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Action:}} Lateral compressor of the canals - reinfoirces external anal sphincter, reduces anteroposterior dimension of the ano-urogenital hiatus} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LA -Trps}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610534753_Levator ani trigger point referral pattern.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Glut Max}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610535116_Gluteus maximus.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gluteus Maximus}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Origin:}} posterior gluteal line of the ilium, aponeurosis of ES, dorsal suface of lower part of the sacrum and side of the coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament and gluteal aponeurosis} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Insertion:}} Superficial fibres = iliotibial tract of the fascia lata \{\{nl\}\} Deep fibres = gluteal tuberosity} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{NS:}} Inferior gluteal nerve L5-S2} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Actions:}} Extends flexed thigh, walking, climbing stairs, lateral rotation of the thigh \{\{nl\}\} Upper fibres abduct the thigh \{\{nl\}\} inactive during standing, swaying forwards at the ankle joints, bending forwards at the hip joints} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Glut Max TrPs}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610535578_gluy macx.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- Can develop with manipulable lesions in SI joint \newline - Increased Tx kyphosis and AHC can increase hip flexion \newline - Sitting on a wallet or uneven chair \newline - Glut med, hamstrings,minimus can develop satellite TrPs with glut max \newline - Hamstrings,lower paraspinal muscles distorts pelvic structure when tight - anatagonist iliopsoas and rect fem developing Trps - treating these eases pressure off glut max} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Glut Med}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610536616_Gluteus medius anatomy.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Glut Medius and Minimus}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610817320_IMG20210116171307.jpg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Glut Medius}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{Origin:}} Outer surface of the ilium between iliac crest and posterior gluteal line above and anterior gluteal lone below} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{Insertion:}} Lateral surface of GT} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\emph{NS:}}* Superior gluteal nerve L4-S1} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{Action:}} Abduct the thigh, anterior fibres rotate it medially, posterior fibres create lateral rot \{\{nl\}\} Maintains upright trunk posture when walking (foot on opposite side is raised from the ground - makes pelvis sag downwards on unsupported side)} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 6) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Glut Med Trps}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610536934_fsfdsf.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- Presents similar to SIJ dysfunction \newline - Sitting for too long/leaning forward/lying on affected side can activate Trps \newline - Unequal leg length, walking on uneven ground can perpetuate TrPs \newline - Secondary Trps can develop in piriformis, posterior part of glut min and max when posterior fibres of glut max develop TrPs \newline - When anterior glut max fibres are involved, 2ndary Trps can delevop in the TFL and satellite TrPs from QL} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Glut Minimus}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610540003_Gluteus minimus anatomy.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Glut Minimus}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{Origin:}} Outer surface of ilium} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{Insertion:}} Anterolateral ridge on GT} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{NS:}} Superior Gluteal Nerve L4-S1} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{Actions:}} Abduction of the thigh and anterior fibres rotate it medially, maintains upright posture of trunk when foot of the opposite side is raised from the ground} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Glut Minimus and Medius - Palpation}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610817278_IMG20210116171320.jpg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Glut Min TrPs}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610541029_ggfdgdf.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- Referred to as pseudosciatica - severe and persistant pain down leg \newline - TrPs in anterior fibres = mimics L5 Radiculopathy \newline - TrPs in posterior fibres = mimics S1 Radiculopathy \newline - Can cause SIJ Dysfunction \newline - Associated with TrPs in piriformis, gluteus medius, vatus lateralis, fibularis longus, quadratus lumborum and gluteus maximus} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Piriformis}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610541084_Piriformis anatomy.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Piriformis}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Origin:}} Anterior surface of sacrum, Gluteal surface of ilium, Sacrotuberous ligament} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Insertion:}} Medial side of upper border of GT} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{NS:}} Branches from L5-S2} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Action:}} Rotates extended thigh laterally, abducts flexed thigh} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Piriformis - Palpation}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610817492_IMG20210116171617.jpg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Piriformis TrPs}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610541371_prioir.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Associated trigger points include the gluteus medius, gemelli, obturator internus, levator ani and coccygeus \newline - Causes Pain and paresthesia in LB, Grion, perineum, buttock,hip, posterior thigh, leg and foot, defaecation \newline - Aggravated by prolonged sitting, hip flexion, adduction, internal rotation} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Short Lateral Rotators}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Consists of:}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Obturator Internus} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Oburator Externus} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Gemellus inferior and Gemellus superior} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Quadratus Femoris} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{TrPs usually presents as tenderness deep to glut max and inferior to piriformis (medial to upper third of GT - Gemelli or obturator internus)} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Tendersness deep to medial border of the GT = Quadratus femoris/obturator externus} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- Obutartor externus can present with groin pain, check pectineus and adductor brevis} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Oburator Internus}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610541747_Obturator internus.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{Origin:}} Ischiopubic Ramus and obturator membrane \newline - {\bf{Insertion:}} Medial aspect of GT \newline - {\bf{NS:}} Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2) \newline - {\bf{Action:}} Abducts and lateral rotates extended hip, abducts the flexed thigh at the hip and stabilises hip during walking} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Obturator externus}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610541888_Obturator externus.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{-{\bf{Origin:}} Obturator foramen and Obturator membrane \newline - {\bf{Insertion:}} Trochantic fossa of femur \newline - {\bf{NS:}} Posterior branch of obturator nerve (3rd and 4th lx nerves) \newline - {\bf{Actions:}} Adduct thigh, laterally rotates thigh} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gemellus inferior and gemellus superior}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610542061_Inferior gemellus.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- Top: Inferior Gemellus \newline - Bottom: Superior Gemellus} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Superior Gemellus}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{Origin:}} Dorsal surface of ischial spine} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{Insertion:}} Medial surface of GT} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{NS:}} Nerve to Oburator internus L4-S1} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{Action:}} rotates extended thigh laterally and abduct flexed thigh} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Inferior Gemellus}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Origin:}} Upper part of lateral surface of the ischial tuberosity} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Insertion:}} Medial surface of GT} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{NS:}} Nerve to Quadratus Femoris L4-S1} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Action:}} Rotate extended thigh laterally and abduct the flexed thigh} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quadratus Femoris}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610542370_Quadratus femoris.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Origin:}} Upper part of external aspect of ischial tuberosity \newline {\bf{Insertion:}} Middle of trochanteric crest of the femur \newline {\bf{NS:}} Quadratus Femoris nerve L5 and S1 \newline {\bf{Action:}} Lateral rotation of the thigh} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quadratus Femoris - Palpation}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1610817632_IMG20210116171957.jpg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}