\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Siffi (Siffi)} \pdfinfo{ /Title (benign-paraoxysmal-positional-vertigo-bppv.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Siffi (Siffi)) /Subject (Benign Paraoxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{5FA36A} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F5F9F5} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Benign Paraoxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Siffi (Siffi)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/122609/cs/25897/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Siffi (Siffi) \\ \uline{cheatography.com/siffi} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 9th November, 2021.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{p{1.727 cm} p{1.727 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BPPV}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Vertigo - sensation of swaying, tilting, spinning or feeling unbalanced} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Vertigo can be benign or sinister} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Displacement of calcium carbonate crystals in the semicircular canals} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- The crystals settle in the endolymph \{\{nl\}\} - No stimulus causing hair cells to fire \{\{nl\}\} - displaced crystals shift with the fluid \{\{nl\}\} Stimulus is unbalanced with respect to opposite ear \{\{nl\}\} - This causes symptoms of \seqsplit{dizziness/spinning/swaying}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 6) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{p{1.727 cm} p{1.727 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Demographics}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Can occur at any age, but common at the 4th and 5th decade} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Incidence increases over time because of the degenerative changes in the otolithic membrane (elderly can have falls)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Slightly more common in females} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Affects right labryrinth more commonly} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{p{1.727 cm} p{1.727 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Risk Factors}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Sedentary lifestyle} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Nutritional deficiencies} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Hyperinsulinemia} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Hyperglycemia} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ear Anatomy}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{17.67cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/siffi_1609327468_ear.jpg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{- Filled with endolymph , endolymph bends cilia , movement of these cilia sends signals to brain \newline - Transmits to eyes and cervical proprioceptors \newline - Superior semicircular canal detects nodding movement \newline - Horizontal semicircular - right and left head rotation \newline - Posterior semicircular - Movement in coronal plane(lat flexion of head)} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{p{1.727 cm} p{1.727 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Causes}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Usually idiopathic (calcium carbonate particles dislodge and migrate into semicircular canals)} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Cranial Trauma} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Prior otological surgery} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Infection} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Vestibular neuritis} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Middle ear disease} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Menieres} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Ovarian hormonal dysfunction} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Ototoxicity} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Endolymphatic hydrops} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Syphilis} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Psychological disorders} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Vestibular system degeneration} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Metabolic disorders} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- CV disease} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Vertobrobasilar insufficiency} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Vertebral artery stenosis and tortuosity} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{p{1.727 cm} p{1.727 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Presentation}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Sudden episodes of rotatory vertigo} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Usually lasts 10-20 seconds after head position change} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Usually occurs during moving from upright to lying down. rolling from side to side in bed, bending forward, moving head to look up and downor side to side} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Usually occurs with increased anxiety, impaired postural control, reduced quality of life} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Rule out more sinister causes of vertigo/dizziness} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Pinpoint site of involved canal (multiple can be involved and it can occur bilaterally)} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Most cases affect posterior semicircular canal} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- +ve Dixhallpike ( for posterior reproduction of dizziness, nausea, and or upbeating rotary nystagmus (pupils move counterclockwise in right labryrinth lesions and clockwise in left) - Downward facing ear one being tested} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 5) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- +ve supine roll test (for horizontal canal)} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Anterior canal is rare due to it's upright orientation (debris likely to fall out)} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{p{1.727 cm} p{1.727 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Imaging}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- {\bf{MRI and CT/Not BPPV if:}} \{\{nl\}\} Negative Dix-hallpike or supine roll \{\{nl\}\}Abnormal cranial exam findings \{\{nl\}\} Nystagmus (Vertical, torsional, direction-changing, non-fatigable - central cause) \{\{nl\}\}Continuous symptoms \{\{nl\}\} Head trauma \{\{nl\}\}Vertigo occurs without changing head positions \{\{nl\}\} Loss of conciousness \{\{nl\}\} Frequent unexplained falls \{\{nl\}\} Recent viral infection \{\{nl\}\} Hearing loss \{\{nl\}\} Tinnitus \{\{nl\}\} Ear fullness \{\{nl\}\} Earache \{\{nl\}\} Ptosis \{\{nl\}\} Facial/extremity paraesthesia \{\{nl\}\} Visual disturbances \{\{nl\}\} Difficulty swalling/speaking \{\{nl\}\} Ataxia \{\{nl\}\} medications \seqsplit{(anti-hypertensive/anti-depressants)}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 13) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- This is to rule out other pathologies} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{p{1.727 cm} p{1.727 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DDx}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Cervicogenic vertigo (similar to BPPV, patient complains of \seqsplit{floating/lightheadness/unsteadiness}, presents with loss of Cx ROM, Cx restrictions and tenderness +ve neck torsion test - stimulates cx proprioceptors)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Concussion (Trauma)} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Intracranial Bleed (UMNL)} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- CNS ischemia/stroke/VBAI ( Gait, Ataxia, Rhomberg, coordinationother symptoms, Cranial nerves, blood pressure)} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Neoplasm (Lymphnodes, systemic signs)} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Infection (Temperature, Otoscopic exam, Lymph nodes)} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Intracranial swelling} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Migraine} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Carotid sinus syndrome (Auscultation of carotid)} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Intoxication} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Menieres} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Perilymphatic fistula} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Vestibular system degeneration} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- CV disease (Heart and Respiratory exam)} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Drug toxicity} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Cerebellopontine angle neoplasm} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Brainstem encephalitis} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{p{1.727 cm} p{1.727 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Management}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Canalith repositioning and home exercises for appropriate semicircular canal} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- If posterior, Epley maneuver or Foster Half somersault} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- If horizonal canal, Lempert 360 roll maneuver (BBQ roll)} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- If anterior, Epley/reverse epley} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Inform patients that they might feel dizzy, attempt to keep their eyes open as much as possible (look at my nose)} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Inform patients to sleep with the affected side up and reaccurance rates (10 and 80\% - delay between symptom and management leads to higher occurance rates) and safety} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 4) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- If CNS/balance disorders - additional home support to reduce risk of falling} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Home exercises: Brandt-Daroff exercises, Foster half somersault, Eye tracking} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- {\bf{Contraindications:}} Acute Cx F\#/instability, recent cx spine surgery, perilymph fistula, Detached retina, Unstable carotid artery disease/stenosis, Vertebrobasilar insuffciency, Stroke/TIA, Unstable Heart disease, Severe neck disease (Cervical spondylosis +myelopathy, Advanced RA} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 6) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Cx SMT} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Antihistamines (Meclizine) suppress labryrinth excitability and vestibular-end organ receptors} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Anti-emetics (ondansetron, metoclopramide, \seqsplit{promethazine/prochlorperazine)}} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{p{1.727 cm} p{1.727 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Prognosis}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Most pts find relief within 4-6 weeks} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Recurrence rates 5-25\%} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{- Risk of recurrence: Females, older patients, psychiatric} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \end{document}