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% Document Info
\author{Shr\_uti\_21\_D}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (exs2.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Shr\_uti\_21\_D)
  /Subject (EXS2 Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{EXS2 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Shr\_uti\_21\_D} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/204616/cs/43625/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Shr\_uti\_21\_D \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/shr-uti-21-d} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 11th June, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions of the Skeleton}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Shape and Size. The bones play an important part in determining your height and build. Skeleton bone size can affect your performance in different sports.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. Support. It gives the body support and enables us to stand and walk upright. The bones also help keep internal organs in place.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3. Protection. Many of our body parts and internal organs are protected by skeletons.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4. Movement. The bones work with muscles to produce movement.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{5. Blood Cell Production. Red and white blood cells are made in the bones.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bone Overview}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The body is made up of 206 bones and can be divided into two distinct sections.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Axial skeleton}} - provides the main support for the body. Includes the skull, vertebral column and rib cage.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Appendicular skeleton}} - provides support for the appendages (external body parts). Includes limb bones and girdles which connect to the axial skeleton.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cartilage}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bone is a replacement tissue - meaning it uses a model tissue to lay down its mineral matrix. During foetal development, a framework is laid done that determines where bones will form. As the child grows and develops, bone forms cartilaginous matrix. By foetus birth, most of the cartilage has been replaced.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cartilage is softer than bone, less rigid and slightly elastic. Cartilage forms the temporary skeleton of the developing foetus but is gradually replaced almost entirely by bone. It is retained throughout life on the articular surfaces of most bone and as costal, nasal, laryngeal, tracheal and bronchial cartilage. Cartilage is made of Chondrocytes - active growing cell form  and Chondroblast - mature form of cell occupying space in the matrix (lacunae).} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 10)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Formation and Growth of Bones}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ossification is the process by which bone is formed from cartilage. The cartilage cells die off and are calcified to produced bone. Foetuses are initially formed from elastic tissue called cartilage (except for clavicle and parts of the cranium). As a baby grows, the cartilage becomes bone and hardens. This is part of the process of bone growth} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{There are two types of Osteogenic pathways} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Intramembranous Ossification}} bone develops directly from mesenchyme (connective tissue found in developing embryo). Compact and spongy bone develops directly from sheets of mesenchymal (undifferentiated) connective tissue in the embryo (most flat face bones, cranial bones and clavicles) formed via this pathway. Intramembranous ossification begins during foetal development, and continues into adolescence. At birth the skull and clavicles not fully ossified nor are skull sutures closed allowing the skull and shoulders to deform during passage through the birth canal} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 12)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Endochondral Ossification}} bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage. Cartilage does not become bone, it is REPLACED by bone. By the time the foetal skeleton is fully formed, cartilage only remains at the joint surface and at the epiphyseal plate.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 6)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Bone Tissue}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{There are two types of bone tissue.} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Compact Bone Tissue}} Heavy, dense and strong. Ivory appearance. Forms shaft of long bones. Thickest in centre (bones weakest point).} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Cancellous (Spongy Tissue)}} Honeycombed appearance. Strong and light. Found in places where extra strength is needed. Found mainly at the end of bones where they flare out to form joints.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Long Bones}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Long shaft containing yellow bone marrow. Responsible for a lot of movement and often act as levers. Long bones also contain red bone marrow for producing blood cells.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Examples: femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, meta carpals and phalanges} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The end or the head of the bone is called the epiphysis. It is made up mainly of spongy bone which is full of tiny cavities. The shaft of the bone is called the diaphysis. It is hollow and made up of hard, dense compact bone. Periosteum is the membrane of the bones and is composed of connective tissue and osteoblasts.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 7)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Long Bone}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/shr-uti-21-d_1718097118_Screenshot 2024-06-01 17.52.48.png}}} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Flat Bones}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Flat bones perform a variety of functions including protection and muscle attachment.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{They are made up of spongy bone between two layers of hard compact bone. They have a large surface area.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Examples: cranium, sternum} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Short Bones}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Very light and strong and are small and squat in shape.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{They are composed of spongy bone with a thin layer of compact bone on the outside.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Examples: carpals, tarsals} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Irregular Bones}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Specifically shaped to perform a particular function.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Spongy bone on the inside, compact bone on the outside.} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Examples: patella, vertebrae} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sesamoid Bones}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A small bone that has developed in tendons around some joints of which the patella is the largest one.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cell Terms}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Blast}} Forming} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Clast}} Destroying} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Cyte}} Cell} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bone Composition}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Hyaline Cartilage}} White, smooth, slipper surface found on the end of bones. Protects the end of bones, reduces friction in the joints.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Growth Plate}} Found where diaphysis and epiphysis meet. Growth plate is where bone growth in length occurs. When bone reaches maturity, growth plate fuses to form epiphyseal line.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Marrow Cavity}} Found in diaphysis, contains yellow bone marrow and consists of blood vessels, fat cells and immature white blood cells.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Vertebral Column}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The vertebral column is made up of 33 irregularly shaped bones. Between each vertebrae there is a pad of cartilage which allows movement and prevents the bones from grinding together. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue (softer than bone) that helps cushion joints and holds the bones together. The vertebrae protect the spinal cord (important nerve that runs through the centre of each vertebra). There are 5 sections of the vertebral column.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)}} - Allows nodding and shaking of head} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)}} - Protective shield for heart and lungs} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)}} - Carries weight} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Sacrum (5 fused bones) }} - Fuses to Pelvis and helps with weight distribution} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Coccyx}} (4 fused bones) - Tailbone which acts as an attachment point for muscles} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Important Bones}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Zygomatic bone} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Frontal bone} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Orbit (eye socket)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Maxilla (upper jaw)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Genu} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mastoid process} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mandible} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Atlas} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Axis} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Vertebrae groups: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Humerus} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Radius} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ulna} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Femur} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Tibia} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Fibula} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Carpals, metacarpals} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Tarsals, metatarsals} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Phalanges} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Talus} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Calcaneus} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Sternum: manubrium, xiphoid} \tn 
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% Row 22
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pelvic girdle: illium, ischium, pubis (joint: acetabulum)} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pectoral girdle: acromion process, clavicle, scapula} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Joints}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Joints are places where two or more bones meet. They are responsible for a huge range of motion and there are 3 types of joints.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Fixed or Immovable joints}} There are fewer than 10 in fixed joints in the body. They are also known as fibrous because the adjacent bones are held together by tough fibres. For example: skull and pelvis where several bones have fused together to form a rigid structure.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Cartilaginous Joints}} Bones are separated by cushion of cartilage. Joints between the vertebrae are cartilaginous. The bones can move a little bit but ligaments stop them from moving too far.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Synovial Joints}} 90\% of joints in the body are synovial. They contain synovial fluid which is retained inside the synovial membrane. All moving parts are held together by ligaments. They are highly mobile joints.} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Synovial Joints}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ball and Socket Joint:}} rounded end of one bone fits inside a cup-shaped ending on another bone. Allows movements in all directions and rotation. Are the most mobile joints in body. Examples: shoulder joint and hip joint.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pivot Joint:}} have a ring of bone that fits over bone protrusion around which it can rotate. They only allow rotation. Examples: joint between atlas and axis, and joint between radius and ulna.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Saddle joint:}} ends of two bones fit together in a special way allowing forward, backward, left and right but no rotation. Example: only one, in thumbs.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Hinge joints:}} only allow forward and backward movement. Examples: knee and elbow joints.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Condyloid joints:}} oval-shaped bone which fits into a correspondingly shaped bone end. Allow forwards, backwards, left and right movement but no rotation. Examples: joints between phalanges and metacarpals.} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Gliding joints:}} two flat faces of bone that slide over one another. Tiny bit of movement in all directions. Examples: joints between carpals and tarsals.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Joints and Old Age}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Some people may develop arthritis, a disease that causes pain, stiffness and inflammation around joints.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Usually hereditary, but injured joints that have not healed properly can be more prone to arthiritis.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Diet and Health Issues}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Minerals and calcium are important in your diet and specifically for bone strength.  By the age of 35 bone tissue begins to be broken down more quickly than it is replaced.  Osteoporosis occurs where bones become very brittle.  To reduce the likelihood for this, weight-bearing exercises can help maintain bone density and strength.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bone Growth Factors}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Increase in length}} As long as epiphyseal plate remains present, bones can increase in length. Cartilage cells divide making the epiphyseal plate thicker. At the same time the side of the plate closest to the diaphysis is replaced by bone. Therefore the diaphysis becomes longer and the epiphysis remains the same size.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Increase in Diameter}} Osteoblasts beneath the periosteum deposit layers of bone. At the same time bone is being removed from inside the cavity. The net effect is an increase in bone diameter, but not bone thickness.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Factors Affecting Development}} Stress (gravity or function and bone deposits and withdrawal) , Hormones and Nutrition} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Skeletal Terms}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Process:}} bone prominence or prolongation} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Crest:}} top of a ridge} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Spine:}} a sharp process} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Condyle:}} round, bulbous end of a bone usually for articulation} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Tubercle:}} small rounded projection} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Tuberosity:}} large rounded projection or roughened elevation} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Trochanter:}} large blunt bony process} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Facet:}} smooth flat rounded surface for articulation} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Fissure:}} deep grove or fold} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Foramen:}} natural hole} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Foramina:}} a little hole} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Meatus:}} a short canal} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Sinus:}} hole or cavity} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Sulcus:}} a groove or depression between parts} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Suture:}} joints of the skull, adjacent are united by fibrous membrane} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Joint Movement}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Flexion:}} angle between articulating bones is decreased. Occurs in the median plane about a horizontal axis. Muscles responsible for flexion are called flexors \{\{nl\}\} Examples: running and jumping movements, Arm bend for serve in tennis.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Extension:}} angle of the joint is increased and extension occurs in the median plane about a horizontal axis. Muscles responsible for extension are known as extensors \{\{nl\}\} Examples: running and jumping movements at hip and knee, throwing action in elbow.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Abduction:}} away from body midline \{\{nl\}\} Examples: taking one leg away from middle to side step.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Adduction:}} towards body midline \{\{nl\}\} Examples: adduction of shoulder backstroke.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Horizontal Flexion:}} moving arm forwards in horizontal plane (starting from abducted position) \{\{nl\}\} Examples: throwing in sports, discus throw.} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Horizontal Extension:}} returning arm to abducted position \{\{nl\}\} Examples: throwing and racket sports movement at shoulder. Discus lean back.} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Rotation:}} moving a limb in a circular motion in either direction \{\{nl\}\} Examples: movement in racket sports.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Circumduction:}} combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction \{\{nl\}\} Examples: rolling wrist.} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Hyper flexion:}} flexion of limb beyond normal limit \{\{nl\}\} Examples: running and jumping movement at hip and knee} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Joint Movement (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Hyper extension:}} angle is straightened beyond normal range \{\{nl\}\} Examples: running and jumping movements at hip and knee} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pronation:}} palm face body \{\{nl\}\} Examples: follow through tennis shot} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Supination:}} palm forward \{\{nl\}\} Examples: volley} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Plantar flexion:}} extension of ankle, pointing of foot and toes \{\{nl\}\} Examples: tippy toes} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Dorsiflexion:}} flexion of foot in upwards direction \{\{nl\}\} Examples: leaning back in chair and foot upwards, kick football up} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Elevation:}} superior direction movement \{\{nl\}\} Examples: shrug shoulders} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Depression:}} inferior direction movement \{\{nl\}\} Examples: push shoulders down} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Protraction:}} movement forward (anteriorly) \{\{nl\}\} Examples: push shoulders forwards} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Retraction:}} movement backward (posteriorly) \{\{nl\}\} Examples: push shoulders back and chest out} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Inversion:}} sole of foot turned inwards toward imaginary midline} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Eversion:}} sole of foot turned outwards from midline} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}