\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Shayazand} \pdfinfo{ /Title (french-cheat-sheet-1.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Shayazand) /Subject (French 1 Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A35133} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F9F4F2} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{French 1 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Shayazand} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/164639/cs/34526/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Shayazand \\ \uline{cheatography.com/shayazand} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 11th October, 2022.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{4} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.63192 cm} p{0.63192 cm} p{0.63192 cm} p{0.73724 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Present}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} -ER Verbs & -IR Verbs & -RE Verbs & -OIR Verbs \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} -e & -is & -s & -is \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} -es & -is & -s & -is \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} -e & -it & & -it \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} -ons & -issons & -ons & -issons \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} -ez & -issez & -ez & -issez \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} -ent & -issent & -ent & -issent \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Future Proche}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{-\textgreater{} Future Proche is used to describe an action that is going to happen, such as "going to swimming" \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) {\bf{FORMING FUTURE PROCHE}} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1) -\textgreater{} Begin forming Future Proche by adding Present Aller (to go) in your sentence. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2) Je {\bf{vais}} \_\_\_\_\_ \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1) -\textgreater{} Add an infinitive verb simply after inserting aller in the sentence \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2) Je vais {\bf{nager}} (I am going to swim) \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1) Tu vas {\bf{manger}} (You are going to eat)% Row Count 10 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.51052 cm} x{1.92248 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Indirect Object Pronoun}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Me & me / m' \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} You & te / t' \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Him/Her & lui \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Us & nous \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} You & vous \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Them & leur \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{-\textgreater{} An indirect object pronoun is used in the place of the indirect object of a verb. For example, in the sentence 'I gave the apple to the man' the apple is the direct object of the verb and the man is the indirect object. \newline Eg. Je {\bf{lui}} demande \textasciitilde{} I ask him/her \newline -\textgreater{} Indirect Object Pronouns are exactly the same apart from lui and leur \newline Eg. He asks me for cake \newline {\bf{me}} is an indirect object and {\bf{cake is an direct object}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.94023 cm} x{1.03122 cm} x{1.06155 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Verbs in Conditional Present}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Avoir & Pouvoir & Voloir \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} J'aurais & Je pourrais & Je voudrais \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Tu aurais & Tu pourrais & Tu voudrais \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Il/Elle aurait & Il/Elle pourrait & Il/Elle voudrait \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Nous aurions & Nous pourrions & Nous voudrions \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Vous auriez & Vous pourriez & Vous voudriez \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Ils/Elles auraient & Ils/Elles pourraient & Ils/Elles vouldraient \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.66726 cm} p{0.51561 cm} x{1.85013 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Demonstrative Adjective}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Male & \seqsplit{Female} & These/Those (Fem/Masc) \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Ce \{Cet\} & Cette & Ces \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{Ce (or Cet) for singular masculine which means "this" in French \newline Cette for singular Feminine which means "that" in French \newline Ces is used for plural Masculine/Feminine which means "these" and "those" in French \newline Demonstrative Adj are to agree with the {\bf{noun}} they precede \newline Ex. Ce livre (This/That book) , cet hôtel (This/That hotel) , Ces lampes (These/Those lamps)} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.60559 cm} p{0.7899 cm} p{0.71091 cm} p{0.5266 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Possessive Adjectives}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} English & Masculine & Feminine & Plural \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} My & Mon & Ma & Mes \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Your & Ton & Ta & Tes \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} His/Her & Son & Sa & Ses \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Our & Notre & Notre & Nos \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Your & Votre & Votre & Vos \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Their & Leur & Leur & Leurs \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{3.833cm}}{-\textgreater{} Possessive Adjectives are before a noun to represent who or what owns it \newline Ex. My pizza (Ma Pizza)} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Page Break}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 0 (+ 0) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.96124 cm} x{2.47176 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BANGS Adjectives}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} B- Beauty & beau/belle/joli/jolie \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} A- Age & jeune/jeunes/viel/vieux \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} N- Numbers & un/deux/trois/quatre \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} G-Goodness & \seqsplit{bon/bonne/mauvais/mauvaise} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} S-Size & \seqsplit{grand/grande/petit/petite} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{B.A.N.G.S Adjectives are placed BEFORE the noun they wish to describe \newline Ex. Un bel arbre} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.30419 cm} x{1.27386 cm} p{0.45495 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Future Sample Tense}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Parler & Nager & Forme \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Je Parler{\bf{ai}} & Je Nager{\bf{ai}} & {\bf{+ai}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Tu Parler{\bf{as}} & Tu Nager{\bf{as}} & {\bf{+as}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Il/Elle Parler{\bf{a}} & Il/Elle Nager{\bf{a}} & {\bf{+a}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Nous Parler{\bf{ons}} & Nous Nager{\bf{ons}} & {\bf{+ons}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Vous Parler{\bf{ez}} & Vous Nager{\bf{ez}} & {\bf{+ez}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Ils/Elles Parler{\bf{ont}} & Ils/Elles Nager{\bf{ont}} & {\bf{+ont}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.36485 cm} p{0.75825 cm} p{0.9099 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Passé Composé (-ER Verbs)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} J' & ai & parlé \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Tu & as & parlé \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Il/Elle & a & parlé \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Nous & avons & parlé \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Vous & avez & parlé \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Ils/Elles & ont & parlé \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{-\textgreater{} To form ER verb in the past, drop the -er ending and add an -é. (J'ai parl{\bf{er}} -\textgreater{} J'ai parl{\bf{é}})} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.5165 cm} p{0.84924 cm} p{0.66726 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Passé composé (-IR Verbs)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} J' & ai & fini \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Tu & as & fini \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Il/Elle & a & fini \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Nous & avons & fini \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Vous & avez & fini \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Ils/Elles & ont & fini \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{-\textgreater{} If the verb is ending with -IR, drop the ending and insert -i \newline Ex. J'ai fin{\bf{ir}} -\textgreater{} J'ai fin{\bf{i}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gender}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{How to Identify if a verb is Masculine or Feminine? \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) In order to identify if the verb's subject gender, you {\bf{MUST}} before any step look at the {\emph{ending of the word}}. Verbs generally ending with -e ending are categorized feminine. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 4) Eg. Une raquett{\bf{e}}% Row Count 7 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.61351 cm} x{1.81949 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Imparfait}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Je & {\bf{-ais}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Tu & {\bf{-ais}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Il/Elle & {\bf{-ait}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Nous & {\bf{-ions}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Vous & {\bf{-iez}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Ils/Elles & {\bf{-aient}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Step \#1}}: Find out how the verb looks like for nous (Ex. Nous aim{\bf{ons}} \newline {\emph{Step \#2}}: Take out the "ons" from the ending. That will create the root or the stem \newline {\emph{Step \#3}}: Attach the imparfait ending to the stem to make it Imparfait} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{1.57918 cm} x{1.85382 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Direct Object Pronoun}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Me & Me / m' \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} You & Te / t' \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Him/It & Le / l' \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Her/It & La / l' \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Us & Nous \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} You & Vous \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Them & Les \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{-\textgreater{} A Direct Object is a word or phrase that receives the action of the verb \newline For example, "I am eating cake". Cake is the direct object \newline In French the cake would turn to "it", and in consideration that cake is masculine, we use the {\bf{le}} direct object \newline -\textgreater{} Je {\bf{le}} mange / I am eating it} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}