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% Document Info
\author{Shasha Adam (shashaadam)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (electrocardiogram-rhythm-interpretation.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Shasha Adam (shashaadam))
  /Subject (Electrocardiogram - Rhythm interpretation. Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Electrocardiogram - Rhythm interpretation. Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Shasha Adam (shashaadam)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/182263/cs/45537/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Shasha Adam (shashaadam) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/shashaadam} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 25th January, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is Electrocardiogram?}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a non-invasive test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. It can help diagnose heart conditions, such as arrhythmias, heart attacks, and coronary heart disease.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Patient details.}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Make sure there is patient's details such as name and also ID to make sure it's a 'right patient' \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Date and time when is the ECG recorded.% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ECG calibrations.}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The standard ECG calibrations are: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
1) 10 millimeters (mm) per millivolt (mV) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
2) A calibration signal of 1mV should produce a rectangle that is 10 mm high and 5 mm wide.  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
3) The calibration speed of a standard ECG is usually 25 mm per second (mm/s).  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
4) The calibration may be changed if the waveforms are too small or large.% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ECG standard calibration}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/shashaadam_1737832049_ECG-RATE-25-mm-sec-standard-paper-speed-.png}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Rate}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Calculate the patient's heart rate (HR) by using these 3 methods: \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
1. R-R interval in 6 second method (R-R total in 30 big boxes) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
2. R-R interval of big boxes (300/total of big boxes in R-R) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
2. R-R interval of small boxes (1500/total of big boxes in R-R) \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
Normal HR would be 60bpm - 100bpm. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
Tachycardida \textgreater{} 100bpm \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
Bradycardia \textless{} 60bpm.% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{P wave}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{A "P wave" in an ECG (electrocardiogram) represents the electrical depolarization of the atria, meaning the wave seen on the ECG when the upper chambers of the heart (atria) are contracting, and is typically the first small positive deflection seen on the tracing, indicating the start of a cardiac cycle. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 7)
The P wave interpretation: \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
Present \textgreater{} sinus \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
Absent \textgreater{} junctional \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
Fibrillate \textgreater{} Atrial fibrillation \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
Saw tooth \textgreater{} Atrial flutter% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{QRS complex}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The QRS complex is the main spike seen in the standard ECG. It is the most obvious part of the ECG, which is clearly visible. The QRS complex represents the depolarization of ventricles. It shows the beginning of systole and ventricular contraction. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 5)
Normal - less than 3 small boxes (\textless{}0.12sec), Narrow \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
Abnormal - more than 3 small boxes (\textgreater{}0.12sec), Broad. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
Frequent ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs) in a pattern could be a: \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
Bigemini - Sinus, PVC \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
Trigemini - Sinus, sinus, PVC, \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
Quademini - Sinus, sinus, sinus, PVC \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
Consecutive premature ventricular contractions happen back-to-back without a normal beat in between such as: \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 3)
Couplet: Two consecutive PVCs  \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1)
Triplet: Three consecutive PVCs  \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
Salvo: A rapid sequence of four or more PVCs% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Rhythm}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{We determine rhythm in an ECG (electrocardiogram) because it provides crucial information about the regularity of the heart's electrical activity. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
Regular - sinus, av block, \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Irregular - sinus arrhythmia \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
Irregularly Irregular - fibrillation \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
Regularly irregular - PVC% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{P-R interval}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The P-R interval is the time between the beginning of the P wave and the beginning of the QRS complex on an electrocardiogram (ECG). It's a measure of how long it takes for an electrical impulse to travel from the atria to the ventricles of the heart.  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 6)
A normal P-R interval is usually between 0.12sec - 0.20sec (3 small boxes - 5 small boxes). \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
Prolonged P-R interval could be due to AV block. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
Undetermined usually for AF, AFlutter, VT, VF (absent P wave)% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interpretation}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{With all the data you obtained from the ECG rhythm, you should be able to come up with the rhythm interpretation like this:  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
Sinus Rhythm \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Atrial Fibrillation \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
Ventricular Tachycardia% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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