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% Document Info
\author{shannenp (shannenprice)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (anaemia.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (shannenp (shannenprice))
  /Subject (Anaemia Cheat Sheet)
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Anaemia Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{shannenp (shannenprice)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/141934/cs/30489/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}shannenp (shannenprice) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/shannenprice} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 17th January, 2022.\\
   Updated 17th January, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.08 cm} x{5.92 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anaemia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
What is Anamia & A reduction the Hb concentration below normal ranges (M: \textless{}13g/dL / F: \textless{}12g/dL) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Aetiology & 1. Decreased RCB production 2. Loss of RBCs 3. Increased RBC destruction \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.16 cm} x{3.84 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anaemia Main Categories}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Microcyctic / hypochomic & Low MCV / Low MCH \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Normocyctic / normochomic & Normal MCV / Normal MCH \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Macrocyctic / hyperchomic & High MCV / High MCH \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Clinical Presentation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{fatigue} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{dyspnoea} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{chest pain} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{dizziness} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{palpitations} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{headaches} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{worsening of other conditions - intermittent claudication} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.96 cm} x{3.04 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Normocytic Anaemia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Normal MCV, indicating normal sized RBCs} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
DDx: Anaemia of chronic disease/inflammation & Haemolysis \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Bone marrow infiltration \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Acute blood loss \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.96 cm} x{5.04 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Normocytic Anaemia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Investigations} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
FBC & Low Hb, normal MCV \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Blood Film & Normocytic, normochromic RBCs \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Iron Studies & normal/low serum iron, low TIBC, normal/high serum ferritin \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
+/- other Ix & Serum erythropoietin (EPO) level is decreased in CKD \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Management} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Manage underlying cause & consult haem/medical team \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{EPO replacement} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{RCC transfusion if severe or symptomatic} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Iron supplementation may or may not be needed} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.2 cm} x{4.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Normocytic Anaemia Causes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Anaemia of Chronic Diseases & Chronic renal disease, rheumatic disease, congestive heart failure \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Mechanism & depends on underlying pathology \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & decrease in release of stored iron \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & shortened red cell survival \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & impaired marrow response in red cell relacement \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.8 cm} x{5.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Macrocytic Anaemia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Macrocytic Anaemia}} & Large RBCs and increased MCV \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Aetiology}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Megaloblastic & B12 or folate deficiency \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Normoblastic & alcohol excess, reticulocytosis, liver disease \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Mechanism} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Megaloblastic & Impaired DNA synthesis \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Normoblastic & Unkown \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Signs and symptoms}} & General symptoms of anaemia \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Pallor +/- glossitis, angular stomatitis \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & B12 deficiency can lead to neurologic syndrome \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.64 cm} x{5.36 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Megaloblastic Anaemia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Vit B12 & Found in animal sources \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Causes of deficiency & Pernicious anaemia (autoimmune disorder) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Veganism \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Gastrectomy/gastric absorptive disease \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Chron's disease/coeliac \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Folate & green veg,, organ meat, fortified cereals \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Causes of deficiency & Poor dietary intake \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Alcohol \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Anti-epileptic drugs (phenytoin) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Methotrexate \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Coeliac disease \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.8 cm} x{5.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Management Macrocytic Anaemia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Treat underlying cause & consult haem/medical team \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
B12 deficiency & IM hydroxocobalamin (B12): replenish levels with frequent administration then gradually reduce frequency \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Folat deficiency & Oral folate replacement: folic acid 5mg OD \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.64 cm} x{5.36 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Signs - on CE}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Jaundice & can occur in haemolysis \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Koilonychia & spoon shaped nails in IDA \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
conjunctive pallor & ensure looking at palpebral conjunctiva \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
sclera icterus & jaundice (haemolysis) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
angular stomatitis & B12/folate/iron deficiency \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
systolic flow murmur & mid-systolic ejection murmur due to increased semi-lunar blood flow \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.496 cm} x{2.432 cm} x{1.672 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anaemia Differential Diagnosis}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Microcytic Anaemia & Normocytic Anaemia & \seqsplit{Macrocytic} Anaemia \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Iron deficiency anaemia (50\% of cases) & Anaemia of chronic disease & Vitamin B12 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Thallasaemia & \seqsplit{Inflammation:} &  \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Chronic diseases & Chronic infection &  \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.48 cm} x{5.52 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Iron Deficiency Anaemia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
4 main causes & Decreased intake (infant/vegan) \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Decreased absorption (gastrectomy, IBD, coeliac disease) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Increased demand (childhood, pregnancy) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Increased loss (chronic slow bleed) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Potential Symptoms & GI blood loss, heavy menstrual bleeding, Pica \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.96 cm} x{5.04 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IDA Investigations and Management}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Investigations} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
FBC & decreased Hb and MCV. Check WCC \& platelets (expect normal in IDA) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Iron Studies & decreased serum iron, serum ferritin, transferrin sat., increased TIBC \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Blood Film & microcytic and hypochromic RBCs, Poikilocytosis / Anisocytosis \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
+/- other Ix & Faecal occult blood (FOB), OGD, colonoscopy \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Management} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Manage underlying cause & consult haem/medical team \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Start supplemental iron & Aim 1-2g raise in Hb every week \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{1st line: oral iron replacement eg. Ferrous fumerate} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{2nd line: IV iron replacement (Ferrinject)} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{3rd line: RCC transfusion (if severe)} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Don't forget to type and screen if giving a blood transfusion}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.36 cm} x{4.64 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Microcytic Anaemia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Low Hb \& MCV, indication RBCs & Causes of microcytic anaemia; mnemonic TAILS \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Mechanism: & Defect in synthesis of haem \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Thalassaemia - defect in synthesis of globin chain \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{DDX: \newline T - Thalassemia \newline A - Anaemia of chronic disease \newline I - Iron deficiency anaemia \newline L - lead poisoning \newline S - sideroblastic anaemia}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Macrocytic Anaemia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Investigations} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
FBC & Low Hb, MCV is elevated \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
B12/Folate Deficiency & check levels \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Anti-parietal cell anti-body \& intrinsic factor antibody & screening for pernicious anaemia \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Anti-tTG \& IgA & screening for coeliac disease \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
LFTs & GGT may be elevated in alcohol excess \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Peripheral blood smear & anisocytosis, poikiloctyosis, hypersegmented neutrophils \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Don't forget to ask about diet (vegan), alcohol intake, medications}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.888 cm} p{0.76 cm} x{3.952 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IDA Iron Studies}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Serum iron levels & LOW & measures amount of iron in transit in blood \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Serrum ferritin & LOW & total iron stored in the body \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Total iron binding capacity & HIGH & TIBC increases in order to try and maximise use of the little iron available \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Transferrin saturation & LOW & level of saturation of transferring with iron: normal is 30\%. Reduced in iron deficiency states \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.44 cm} x{6.56 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia (Haemolysis)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Warm AIHA & Antibody active at body temp \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Aetiologies include: rheumatic disease and lymphoproliferative disorders \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & IgG antibodies +/- complement \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Cold AIHA & Antibody active only at lower temps \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Aetiologies include: infections (eg. mono) and lymphoma \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & IgM antibodies \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.52 cm} x{4.48 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Haemolytic Anaemia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Investigations} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
FBC & Low Hb, normal MCV \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Reticulocytes & elevated \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
LDH & elevated \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Haptoglonbin & low \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
LFT's & unconjugated Bilirubin - elevated \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Direct Antioglobin (Coombs) Test & if + then autoimmune haemolysis likely \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Blood Film & look for specific abnormalities \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Management} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Treat underlying cause & consult haem/medical team \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Stabilize pt & consult haem re. need for transfusion \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Warm AIHA & 1st line: corticosteroids, 2nd line: Rituximab, Azathioprine, Cyclosporin, 3rd line: splectomy \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 5)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cold AIHA & Avoid cold temps \& treat underlying cause +/- immunosuppressant (rituximab) \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Haemolytic Anaemia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Haenolytic Anaemia & Haemolysis: destruction of red blood cells \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Aetiologies} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Autoimmune & Warm, cold, transfusion reaction, drug induces \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Haemoglobinopathies & sickle cell, hereditary spherocytosis, thalassaemia \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Infections & malaria \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Enzyme defects & G6PD \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA) & haemolytic uremic syndrome, TTP, DIC, eclampsia/HELLP \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Mechanical haemolysis & heart valve prosthesis \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Rare & Paroxysmal noctural, haemoglobinuria (PNH) \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}