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\author{Shanayak}
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  /Title (ideas-and-the-ideals-of-the-indian-constitution.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Shanayak)
  /Subject (Ideas and the Ideals of the Indian Constitution Cheat Sheet)
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Ideas and the Ideals of the Indian Constitution Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Shanayak} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/217647/cs/48244/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Shanayak \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/shanayak} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 28th June, 2026.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Background}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Background  {\emph{ India under British Rule for \textasciitilde{}200 years. }} Laws mainly favoured British rulers. {\emph{ 1946: Constituent Assembly formed before Independence. }} Purpose: Draft the Constitution of Independent India. {\emph{ Took \textasciitilde{}3 years to complete. }} Constitution considered:     {\emph{ Ethnic, religious, linguistic \& cultural diversity     }} Caste \& gender discrimination     {\emph{ Justice \& Equality }} Dr. B. R. Ambedkar → Chairman of the Drafting Committee.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fundamental rights}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Definition  {\emph{ Basic rights guaranteed by the Constitution. }} Have legal sanction. {\emph{ Enforceable in court of law. }} Include Political, Social, Cultural \& Economic rights.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Right to freedom}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Includes:  {\emph{ Freedom of speech \& expression }} Peaceful assembly (without arms) {\emph{ Form associations }} Move freely throughout India {\emph{ Reside \& settle anywhere in India }} Choose any profession, occupation, trade or business} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Restrictions  {\emph{ Can be limited for:     }} National interest     * Security of the State} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Responsibility  {\emph{ Do not:     }} Defame     {\emph{ Spread hatred     }} Cause harm * Exercise freedom with prudence.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Federal structure of the government}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Meaning  {\emph{ Two levels of government:     }} Central (Union) Government     {\emph{ State Governments  Purpose  }} Division of powers between Centre \& States. * Each has separate subjects.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Lists in the Constitution  Union List  {\emph{ Subjects of National Importance. }} Examples:     {\emph{ Defence     }} Foreign Affairs     {\emph{ Ports     }} Railways} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{State List  {\emph{ Managed by State Governments. }} Examples:     {\emph{ Police     }} Law \& Order     {\emph{ Health     }} Sanitation     * Agriculture} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Concurrent List  {\emph{ Both Centre \& States can make laws. }} Examples:     {\emph{ Education     }} Forests     {\emph{ Wildlife Protection     }} Weights \& Measures} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Local Self-Government  {\emph{ Looks after Cities, Towns \& Villages. }} Includes:     {\emph{ Municipal Corporations     }} Municipalities     * Gram Panchayats} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Right against exploitation}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Protects people from exploitation due to:     {\emph{ Poverty     }} Caste discrimination     {\emph{ Religious discrimination }} Prevents:     {\emph{ Forced labour     }} Child labour     {\emph{ Unhealthy working conditions }} Laws protect people from humiliation \& exploitation.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Significance of fundamental rights}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{ Foundation of Democracy. }} Protect moral \& material interests. {\emph{ Safeguard minorities \& weaker sections. }} Strengthen Secularism. {\emph{ Promote Social Justice \& Social Equality. }} Prevent absolute power of the government.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Preamble}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{ Introduction to the Constitution. }} States the goals \& aspirations of India.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{State}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{ Means either:     }} Country/Nation     * Political unit within a country.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Directive principles Of state policy}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Purpose  {\emph{ Guidelines for government. }} Aim:     {\emph{ Welfare     }} Justice     {\emph{ Development }} Created because India lacked sufficient resources after Independence.} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Examples  {\emph{ Adequate livelihood }} Free legal aid {\emph{ Public assistance during:     }} Unemployment     {\emph{ Old age     }} Sickness     * Disability} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Important Point  {\emph{ Guide government policies \& laws. }} Cannot be enforced in a court of law. * Government cannot be sued for not implementing them.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Parliamentary form of the government}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Features  {\emph{ Nominal Head of State. }} In India → President. {\emph{ Real Executive Power → Prime Minister \& Council of Ministers. }} Decisions taken in the President's name, but PM \& Council govern. * India is a Parliamentary Democracy.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Three Branches of Government  Legislature  {\emph{ Makes laws.  Executive  }} Implements laws.  Judiciary  {\emph{ Interprets laws. }} Checks Constitutional validity.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Separation of Powers  Meaning  {\emph{ Legislature, Executive \& Judiciary work independently. }} Prevents concentration of power.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Checks \& Balances  {\emph{ Each branch checks the others. }} Executive → Answerable to Legislature. * Judiciary → Can strike down unconstitutional laws.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Right to equality}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Equal treatment before law. {\emph{ Equal rights \& equal opportunities. }} Freedom to choose education \& profession. {\emph{ No discrimination based on:     }} Religion     {\emph{ Race     }} Sex     {\emph{ Caste     }} Place of birth * State may give special opportunities to women \& disadvantaged groups to reduce social \& economic inequalities.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Right to education}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{RTE Act (2010). {\emph{ Children aged 6–14 years have the right to:     }} Free     {\emph{ Compulsory     }} Elementary education * Education provided in a neighbourhood school.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Can laws alone protect rights?}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Problems  {\emph{ Exploitation still continues despite laws. }} Rights often violated due to:     {\emph{ Lack of awareness     }} Fear of retaliation} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Solutions  {\emph{ Educate people about their rights. }} Spread Constitutional awareness. {\emph{ Support Awareness campaigns. }} NGOs \& Social movements help people fight for their rights.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Why India has parliamentary democracy}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Parliamentary System  {\emph{ Executive answerable to Legislature. }} Prevents excessive concentration of power.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Presidential System  {\emph{ President directly elected. }} President is Head of State \& Head of Executive. {\emph{ Executive not answerable to Legislature. }} Gives greater power to one individual.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Reason for Choosing Parliamentary System  {\emph{ Constitution makers believed a Presidential System could give too much power to one person. }} Therefore, India adopted a Parliamentary Form of Government.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fundamental duties}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Definition  {\emph{ Added by 42nd Constitutional Amendment (1976). }} Duties of every Indian citizen. * Not enforceable by law, but should be followed responsibly.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Duties  {\emph{ Respect the Constitution, National Flag \& National Anthem. }} Defend the country \& render national service when required. {\emph{ Protect Sovereignty, Unity \& Integrity of India. }} Protect the Environment:     {\emph{ Forests     }} Lakes     {\emph{ Rivers     }} Wildlife * Safeguard public property.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Right to constitutional remedies}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{ Protects Fundamental Rights. }} Citizens can approach the Supreme Court if rights are violated. {\emph{ Supreme Court can issue Writs to:     }} Government     {\emph{ Any individual }} Ensures restoration of rights. * During War or Emergency, Fundamental Rights may be temporarily suspended.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Right to cultural and educational rights}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{India is a pluralistic country. {\emph{ Protects religious, linguistic \& cultural diversity. }} Citizens have the right to:     {\emph{ Preserve     }} Practise     * Promote their religion, language \& culture.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Right to freedom of religion}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{ India is a Secular State. }} Freedom to:     {\emph{ Profess     }} Practise     {\emph{ Follow any religion. }} No discrimination based on religion. {\emph{ Religious groups may establish:     }} Religious institutions     {\emph{ Charitable institutions }} Protects religious minorities} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Important terms}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{ Sovereign → Independent nation; no external control. }} Socialist → Equal access to national resources. {\emph{ Secular → No religious discrimination; equal treatment of all religions. }} Democratic → Government through elected representatives. {\emph{ Republic → Elected President, not hereditary ruler. }} Justice → Reduce social \& economic inequalities. {\emph{ Liberty → Freedom of speech, faith \& occupation. }} Equality → Equal before law; prohibits discrimination. * Fraternity → Promotes brotherhood, unity \& integrity} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 11)
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}