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\author{Shanayak}
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  /Title (atmospheric-pressure-and-winds.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Shanayak)
  /Subject (atmospheric pressure and winds Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{atmospheric pressure and winds Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Shanayak} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/217647/cs/47873/}}}
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  \vspace{-2pt}Shanayak \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 19th March, 2026.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Atmospheric Pressure}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Fundamentals of Atmospheric Pressure  {\emph{ Definition: {[}\{Force/weight of atmosphere\}{]}, {[}\{Exerted on unit area\}{]}, {[}\{Pressure = Force/Area\}{]}.  }} Human Physiology: {[}\{Equal outward pressure\}{]}, {[}\{Counter-pressure\}{]}, {[}\{Blood exerts pressure to balance air\}{]}.  * Measurement: {[}\{Barometer (instrument)\}{]}, {[}\{Millibars (mb) (unit)\}{]}, {[}\{1013.2 mb (mean sea level)\}{]}.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. Factors Influencing Pressure  {\emph{ Altitude: {[}\{Highest at sea level\}{]}, {[}\{Decreases with height\}{]}, {[}\{Thinner/less dense air in upper layers\}{]}.  }} Air Temperature: {[}\{Cold air = heavier/greater pressure\}{]}, {[}\{Hot air = lighter/lower pressure\}{]}.  * Moisture Content: {[}\{Water vapor molecules are lighter\}{]}, {[}\{Moist air = lighter/less pressure\}{]}, {[}\{Dry air = heavier/more pressure\}{]}.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Atmospheric pressure- 2}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3. The Global Pressure Belts  {\emph{ Creation Factors: {[}\{Temperature (thermal)\}{]}, {[}\{Earth's rotation (dynamic)\}{]}, {[}\{Apparent movement of Sun\}{]}.  }} The Four Major Belts:    {\emph{ Equatorial Low (ITCZ): {[}\{0° to 5° N/S\}{]}, {[}\{Doldrums (calm waters)\}{]}, {[}\{High insolation\}{]}, {[}\{Vertical Sun rays\}{]}, {[}\{Rising air\}{]}, {[}\{Convection currents\}{]}, {[}\{Severe thunderstorms\}{]}, {[}\{200+ days of rain\}{]}.    }} Sub-tropical High: {[}\{Tropic of Cancer to 30° N\}{]}, {[}\{Tropic of Capricorn to 30° S\}{]}, {[}\{Descending cold air\}{]}, {[}\{High pressure\}{]}.    {\emph{ Sub-polar Low: {[}\{60° N/S\}{]}, {[}\{Convergence zone\}{]}, {[}\{Westerlies vs. Polar Easterlies\}{]}, {[}\{Rising air\}{]}, {[}\{Zone of storms\}{]}.    }} Polar High: {[}\{85° N/S to 90° N/S\}{]}, {[}\{Low solar energy\}{]}, {[}\{Low terrestrial radiation\}{]}, {[}\{Cold/dense/heavy air\}{]}.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4. Wind Mechanics and Laws  {\emph{ General Wind: {[}\{Moving air\}{]}, {[}\{High to Low pressure\}{]}, {[}\{Breeze (gentle)\}{]}, {[}\{Gusts/Gales (strong)\}{]}.  }} Instruments: {[}\{Wind Vane (direction)\}{]}, {[}\{Anemometer (speed)\}{]}, {[}\{Cup/Digital versions\}{]}.  {\emph{ Naming Convention: {[}\{Direction of origin\}{]}, {[}\{North winds blow from North\}{]}, {[}\{South-west winds blow from South-west\}{]}.  }} Deflection Laws:    {\emph{ Coriolis Force: {[}\{Earth's rotation\}{]}, {[}\{Deflects movement\}{]}, {[}\{Right in Northern Hemisphere\}{]}, {[}\{Left in Southern Hemisphere\}{]}.    }} Ferrel's Law: {[}\{States freely moving bodies deflect sideways due to rotation\}{]}.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Classification of Winds}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Permanent (Planetary/Prevailing) Winds  {\emph{ Trade Winds: {[}\{Sub-tropical High to Equatorial Low\}{]}, {[}\{Tropical zone\}{]}, {[}\{NE Trades (North)\}{]}, {[}\{SE Trades (South)\}{]}, {[}\{Constant direction\}{]}, {[}\{Sailors' charts\}{]}.  }} Westerlies: {[}\{Sub-tropical High to Sub-polar Low\}{]}, {[}\{Blow from West\}{]}, {[}\{No large landmasses in South (40°-70°S)\}{]}, {[}\{Roaring Forties (40°S)\}{]}, {[}\{Furious Fifties (50°S)\}{]}, {[}\{Screeching Sixties (60°S)\}{]}.  * Polar Winds: {[}\{Polar High to Sub-polar Low\}{]}, {[}\{Polar North-easterlies\}{]}, {[}\{Polar South-easterlies\}{]}, {[}\{Very cold\}{]}.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{B. Periodic (Seasonal) Winds  {\emph{ General: {[}\{Blow at certain times\}{]}, {[}\{Seasonal variations\}{]}, {[}\{Unequal heating/cooling\}{]}.  }} The Monsoons: {[}\{Rain-bearing\}{]}, {[}\{Differential heating of land/sea\}{]}, {[}\{Indian Subcontinent\}{]}.    {\emph{ Indian Summer (SW) Monsoon: {[}\{Asian landmass heats\}{]}, {[}\{Low pressure trough\}{]}, {[}\{South-east trades cross Equator\}{]}, {[}\{Deflected right\}{]}, {[}\{Pick up moisture from Indian Ocean\}{]}.    }} Retreating (NE) Monsoon: {[}\{Oct to Dec\}{]}, {[}\{Blows from North-east\}{]}, {[}\{Moisture from Bay of Bengal\}{]}, {[}\{Rain in Tamil Nadu/Andhra/Karnataka/Telangana\}{]}.  {\emph{ Diurnal Variations:    }} Sea Breeze: {[}\{Daytime\}{]}, {[}\{Land heats faster\}{]}, {[}\{Sea (High) to Land (Low)\}{]}.    * Land Breeze: {[}\{Nighttime\}{]}, {[}\{Land cools faster\}{]}, {[}\{Land (High) to Sea (Low)\}{]}.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{C. Local Winds  {\emph{ The Loo: {[}\{Hot/dry/dusty\}{]}, {[}\{Northern Plains of India\}{]}, {[}\{Summer\}{]}, {[}\{Rajasthan deserts\}{]}, {[}\{Alluvial plains of Ganga\}{]}.  }} The Harmattan: {[}\{Dry/dusty\}{]}, {[}\{NW Africa\}{]}, {[}\{Sahara to Gulf of Guinea\}{]}, {[}\{Nov to March\}{]}, {[}\{Cool/dry relief from humid heat\}{]}.  {\emph{ The Foehn: {[}\{Warm/strong/dry\}{]}, {[}\{Leeward mountain slopes\}{]}, {[}\{European Alps\}{]}, {[}\{Temperature rise up to 30°C\}{]}, {[}\{Drying effect\}{]}.  }} The Chinook: {[}\{Foehn-type\}{]}, {[}\{Rockies (North America)\}{]}, {[}\{Eastern flank\}{]}, {[}\{Snow-eater\}{]}, {[}\{Melts snow\}{]}.} \tn 
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% That's all folks
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