\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Shanaya kalra}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (major-landforms-of-earth-geo.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Shanaya kalra)
  /Subject (Major landforms of earth (geo) Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{8684A3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F7F7F9}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Major landforms of earth (geo) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Shanaya kalra} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/208443/cs/45018/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Shanaya kalra \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/shanaya-kalra} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 21st November, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Intro}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{As we know, our lithosphere is not the same everywhere! it is made up of diffrent kinds of landforms.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Now, landforms are natural features on Earth's surface, such as mountains, valleys, plains and plateaus.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Process of internal forces}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{the stiff and the brittle lithosphere is broken up into several pieces called {\bf{tectonic plates.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{stiff and brittle are hard plates of earth}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{These plates float over the {\bf{viscous molten}} rock ( called magma ) which makes up the lower mantle. heat from the core of the Earth heats the magma in the mantle.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{So the tectonic plates float over viscous molten rock- which is magma and it is hot, melted rock from the inside of the Earth. and when these plates float over magma it makes the lower mantle hot. and the heat comes from the core of the Earth}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The heated magma now rises up spreads, then cools a little then sinks again, to get heated and rise again} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The rising and sinking streams of magma push against the tectonic plates, causing them to move. The movement of plates is known as {\bf{plate tectonics.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{The rising and sinking streams of magma refer to how the magma rises and sinks, and these streams push the tectonic plates and they move, so the movement of tectonic plates is known as plate tectonics.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What are the different types of landforms?}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Types of landforms can be Mountains, plateaus and plains.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fold mountains}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Fold mountains are formed by the upliftment and folding of landmasses due to lateral compression caused by tectonic or internal forces.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{so fold mountains are mountains that go up-ward and bend up wards- this happen due to the lateral compression caused by tectonic or internal forces, it means that this force is caused by internal force, or this force is caused cause the force inside the earth gives a output on the force like this}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{When two plates move towards each other, the place where two the two plates meet or converge, gets compressed. the crust along the point of convergence gets crumpled or folded. Massive layers of the Earth's crust get uplifted as a result of these converging forces, resulting in the formation of fold mountains.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{So when these plates move towards each other in upward the place where they meet gets compressed and due to this the crust gets folded and the layers of the Earth's crust get uplifted as a result of the converging forces- thats how mountains are formed. converge = meet at a certain point. The physics converge and geo converge is very different.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The Himalayas and the Alps were formed in this way in the recent geological past, and are therefore known as young fold mountains. They have rugged relief, and high, sharp peaks.} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{So the himalays and the alps were formed in the recent geological past- means that mountains were created because of the movement of tectonic plates in the past. these mountains are young but have rought surfaces and tall sharp peakes. we say that these mountains are young even though the force was old because it is young compared to other mountains. Rugged relief refers to the rough and uneven surface of the land.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fold mountains (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Aravalli Range}} in Rajasthan is one of the oldest fold mountain ranges in the world.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The Urals in Russia and the Appalachians in North America are also examples of very old fold mountains.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Urals are a type of mountain range}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Forces that change the eath's surface}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The surface of the Eath, and the landforms on it, constantly undergo changes due to the action of various forces. the forces are of two types- {\bf{internal forces}} and {\bf{external forces.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{so this means the surface of the earth undergo changes ( experinces changes) all the time. the ground, vally, mountain is always changing. so these changes occur by diffrent forces or actions.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{More on the process of internal forces}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Sometimes, the plates move towards each other or converge, sometimes the plates move away or diverge and sometimes the plates slide by each other or perform transverse movement.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{A lot of forces can change the face of the earth, haha}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Plate tectonics is responsible for the formation of the mountains and valleys on the surface of the Earth. As the plates move very slowly ( just a few centimeters a year ) these features can take millions of years to form.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{if the plate tectonics move slowly it can take millions of years to from mountains and valleys.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{However, sometimes, sudden and strong movements take place within the earth, which bring about massive changes on the surface of the Earth. These changes can be brought about by Earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides.} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Internal forces are also known as endogenetic or endogenic forces and tectonic forces.} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mountain}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A mountain is a natural elevation of the Earth's surface rising high above its surroundings.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{So mountain is a natural elevation- it has a natural high height compared to the land, it rises high above its surroundings, its really tall and it rises.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Mountains have narrow summits ( peaks ), steep slopes and broad bases. They are found both on land and on the ocean floor. A chain of mountains is called a mountain range.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{So, narrow summits or peaks mean that the top of the mountain is small and pointed. steep slopes means the mountain is very steep- it increases the height as you move up and this makes it easier to slip off, broad bases- the bottom of the mountain is wide so it can support the whole mountain.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The higher reaches of the mountain can be very cold. This is because temperature falls with altitude.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{The temeperature falls with altitude means that the temperature falls down and becomes cold}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Hills are highlands that are not as high as mountains, and have gentler slopes.} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{They have gentler slopes means that they are easier to climb.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Internal forces}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Internal forces or {\bf{tectonic forces}} are forces acting within the eath that led to sudden changes on the face of the eath.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{So this means that internal forces are forces which occur inside the earths's plates and that effects the outside of the earths plates}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{External forces}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Exernal forces or gradational forces are forces acting from above on the surface of the Earth.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{This means that the forces are happening on outside of the surface, where we walk instead of inside like internal forces.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{They lead to slow and steady changes, by wearing away and rebuilding the Earth surface. They are also known as Exogenic forces or denudational forces, and include all the agents of gradation like wind, water and glaciers.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{External forces cause slow changes in the earth as when the rocks get pilled up make land due to rain and all, it can create a slow process which later can impact on our land. such as floods and all. Gradation is the process of reshaping the earth's surface.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The agents of gradation physically change the Earth's surface through the process of weathering, eroding and depositing the weathered material at other places. For example, rain, wind and rivers erode the mountains and highlands and deposit the eroded material further down from plains.} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{So weathering is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller parts, eroding moves the broken pieces and deposition drop and creates a surface with the peices. for example rain, wind and rivers erode down the mountains, get breake down and slide and deposit the eroded material which creates land}}} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{More on mountains}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The area of lowland found between hills or mountains is called a valley. Many valleys have rivers flowing through them.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{There are different types of mountains such as {\bf{fold mountains}}, {\bf{block mountains}} and {\bf{volcanic mountains}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}