\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{sdelliot} \pdfinfo{ /Title (linux-command-line.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (sdelliot) /Subject (Linux Command Line Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{E95420} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{FDF4F1} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Linux Command Line Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{sdelliot} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/31474/cs/9550/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}sdelliot \\ \uline{cheatography.com/sdelliot} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 4th November, 2016.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{System Commands}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} uname -a & Show system and kernel \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} head -n1 /etc/issue & Show distribution \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} whoami & Show your username \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} man {\emph{command}} & Show manual for {\emph{command}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} date & Show system date \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} date -{}-utc & Show system date in UTC \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Magic Keys}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{CTRL-ALT-BKSP} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Restart X display if frozen} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ALT}}-{\bf{SysRq}}+R+S+E+I+U+B} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Restart Ubuntu safely when it is frozen} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ALT}}-{\bf{SysRq}}+R+S+E+I+U+O} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Safely shutting down Ubuntu when it is frozen} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The minus in between keys indicates they should be held down together. The plus indicates that the keys should be pressed in sequence. If keys are in {\bf{bold}} then they should be held down during the entire sequence. \{\{link="https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=617349"\}\}More information\{\{/link\}\}.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Other useful commands}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{watch -n 5 'ntpq -p'} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Issue the 'ntpq -p' command every 5 seconds and display output} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Package Management}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{apt-get update} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Refresh available updates.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{apt-get upgrade} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Upgrade all packages.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{apt-get install {\emph{pkg}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Install {\emph{pkg}}.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{apt-get purge {\emph{pkg}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Uninstall {\emph{pkg}}.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{apt-get autoremove} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Remove obsolete packages.} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{apt-get -f install} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Try to fix broken packages.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{dpkg -i {\emph{pkg.deb}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Install {\emph{pkg}} from a deb file.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{apt-get build-dep {\emph{pkg}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Install dependencies for {\emph{pkg}} so that it can be built from source.} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{apt-get -y {\emph{cmd}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Automatic yes response to prompts.} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{These commands should be run with sudo.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{File Operations}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{touch {\emph{file1}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Create {\emph{file1}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{cat {\emph{file1}} {\emph{file2}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Concatenate files and output} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{less {\emph{file1}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}View and paginate {\emph{file1}}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{ln -s {\emph{/path/to/src}} {\emph{/path/to/dst}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Create symbolic link at {\emph{dst}} to {\emph{src}}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{cp {\emph{file1}} {\emph{file2}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Copy {\emph{file1}} to {\emph{file2}}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{mv {\emph{file1}} {\emph{file2}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Move {\emph{file1}} to {\emph{file2}}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{rm {\emph{file1}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Delete {\emph{file1}}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{head {\emph{file1}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Show first 10 lines of {\emph{file1}}} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{tail {\emph{file1}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Show last 10 lines of {\emph{file1}}} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{tail -f {\emph{file1}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Output last lines of {\emph{file1}} as it changes} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{wc {\emph{file1}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Display the number of lines in {\emph{file1}}} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{file {\emph{file1}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Get type of {\emph{file1}}} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{File Compression}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{tar -czvf {\emph{file1.tgz}} {\emph{file1}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Tar and gzip {\emph{file1}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{tar -xvzf {\emph{file1.tgz}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Decompress a file that was tared and gzipped} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Remove the {\emph{z}} flag if the file is tarred without being gzipped} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{References}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{https://www.cheatography.com/davechild/cheat-sheets/linux-command-line/}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{https://nsrc.org/workshops/2016/rwnog-nmm/references/ubunturef.pdf}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{http://linoxide.com/guide/linux-cheat-sheet.png}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.54287 cm} x{3.43413 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Directory Operations}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} pwd & Show current directory \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} mkdir {\emph{dir}} & Make directory {\emph{dir}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} cd {\emph{dir}} & Change directory to {\emph{dir}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} cd .. & Go up a directory \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} cd - & Go to previous directory \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} ls & List files \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} rm -r {\emph{dir}} & Delete {\emph{dir}} recursivly \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ls Options}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} -a & Show all (including hidden) \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} -l & Long listing format \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} -R & Recursive list \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} -t & Sort by last modified \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} -S & Sort by file size \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} -h & Human readable file sizes (use with -l) \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.29402 cm} x{3.68298 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bash Shortcuts}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} CTRL-c & Stop current command \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} CTRL-a & Go to start of line \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} CTRL-e & Go to end of line \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} CTRL-r & Search history \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} CTRL-z & Sleep program \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} bg & Send running process into the background \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} fg & Foreground a backgrounded process \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} !! & Repeat last command \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} !{\emph{abc}} & Run last command starting with {\emph{abc}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \textasciicircum{}{\emph{abc}}\textasciicircum{}{\emph{123}} & Run previous command, replacing {\emph{abc}} with {\emph{123}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{SSH Options}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-D{\emph{1080}}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Dynamic port forwarding via SOCKS on port {\emph{1080}}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-o \seqsplit{UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null}} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Use an empty known hosts file} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}No strict host key checking} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-X} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Enable X11forwarding} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}