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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
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% Document Info
\author{schase}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (acids-and-bases.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (schase)
  /Subject (Acids and Bases Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Commands
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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Acids and Bases Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{schase} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/169179/cs/35416/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}schase \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/schase} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 12th November, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
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% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Rates of Reaction}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What causes an increased rate of reaction?}} A higher freqeuncey of successful collisions between particles.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{There are two ways you can achieve a higher frequency of successful collisions.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- Increase chances of collisions being successful & - Or increase frequency of collisions per unit time \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Rates of Reaction}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Increasing the surface area}}  increases the frequency of collisions per time unit because more particles are available to react & {\bf{Increasing the concentration}} increases the number of particles, which increases the frequency of collisions per time unit \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Increasing the temperature}} increases the amount of kinetic energy the particles have. This: (1) causes the particles to move quicker and therefore increases the frequency of collisions and (2) more of the collisions are successful because the particles have more energy. This leads to a faster rate of reaction.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Catalysts}} lower the activation energy (energy needed) and so, therefore, more of the collisions are successful as the required energy for a successful collision is less.} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Why does a rate of reaction graph go flat as the reaction progresses?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{As the reactant particles react and are converted into products, the concentration of reactants decreases and therefore the rate of reaction decreases until it becomes zero, hence why the graph goes flat.} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Atoms and Ions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Why do atoms form ions?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Because they have a partially filled valence (outer) shell and are unstable as a result. They need to gain or lose negative electrons in order to have a completely full, or empty their, outermost shell, and by doing so become stable.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ionic Bonding}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{This is when atoms with too many valence electrons donate these electrons to atoms with too little valence electrons. This transfer of electrons causes ions to form and the {\emph{electrostatic}} attraction between the oppositely charged ions is called an ionic bond. Sometimes you need more than one ion of the same type in order to make an ionic compound with a {\emph{neutral}} charge.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 8)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Atoms in the same {\bf{group}} (vertical column) of the periodic table will have the same number of valence electrons and therefore have the same charge.} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Atoms in the same {\bf{period}} (horizontal row) have the same number of shells/orbitals.} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Neutralisation Reactions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Acid + base = water + neutral ionic salt (e.g. MgCl2)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Acid + carbonate base (e.g. Na2CO3) water + neutral ionic salt (e.g. MgCl2) + {\bf{CO2}} (to account for the carbonate in the base)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{If you see fizzing, then you know you have CO2 in there.} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{You only need to know the symbols of three acids: Hydrochloric acid, HCl − Sulfuric acid, H2SO4 − And nitric acid, HNO3} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Acids and Bases}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{An {\bf{acid}} produces H+ ions in water. A {\bf{base}} produces OH- ions in water.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The higher the concentration of H+ ions, the lower the pH (1-6, red-yellow in UI), the more acidic the solution is.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The higher the concentration of OH- ions, the higher the pH (8-14, light blue-purple in UI), the more basic the solution is.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{If the pH is 7, there is an equal amount of H+ ions and OH- ions so it is balanced/neutral and is a water.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Acids turn blue litmus paper red, and don't change the colour of red litmus paper. Bases turn red litmus paper blue, and don't change the colour of blue litmus paper.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}