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%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Scarlet\_Cat}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (c-programming-basics.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Scarlet\_Cat)
  /Subject (C Programming Basics Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{C Programming Basics Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Scarlet\_Cat} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/210375/cs/45371/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Scarlet\_Cat \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/scarlet-cat} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 4th January, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{How to Intialize an Variable}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{data\_type {\bf{(var\_name)}};} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{data\_type {\bf{(var\_name)}} = initial\_value;} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Syntax:}} & `{\emph{return\_type}} {\bf{(func\_name)}} ({\emph{datatype}} {\bf{name1}}, {\emph{datatype}} {\bf{name2}}, ...) \{ \{\{nl\}\}     . \{\{nl\}\}     . \{\{nl\}\}     return {\emph{something}}; \{\{nl\}\} \}` \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`int diff(int a, int b) \{\{\{nl\}\} return a - b; \{\{nl\}\}\} ` & A function that takes two integers and performs subtraction \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{How to use Struct}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`struct (struct\_name) \{\{\{nl\}\}     (datatype) name1;\{\{nl\}\}     (datatype) name2; \{\{nl\}\}     . \{\{nl\}\} \};` & A struct is a type of pointer. Similar to making a class. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`struct struct\_name (name) = \{ val1, val2, ..\};` & Initializes a struct with the following values \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`p-\textgreater{}x;` & The arrow can be used to access members of a struct. This code accesses x from a pointer struct called p. Equivalent to (*p).x \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.748 cm} x{2.964 cm} x{2.888 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\textless{}stdio.h\textgreater{} and \textless{}string.h\textgreater{} functions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{strlen(string)} & Counts the total char in a string & `char msg{[}{]} = "message"; \{\{nl\}\}printf("\%s", strlen(msg));\{\{nl\}\} // This code prints 7` \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{strcat(string1}, string2) & Is used to join two strings together string1 adds the text of string2 to it & `char msg1{[}{]} = "My name is ";\{\{nl\}\}char msg2{[}{]} = "Vin";\{\{nl\}\}strcat(msg1, msg2);\{\{nl\}\}printf("\%s", msg1);\{\{nl\}\}//This code prints "My name is Vin" ` \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 10)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
strcmp() & Is used to tell if two strings are equal. Returns 0 if they are equal. Returns a non-zero value if they are not. & `char msg1{[}{]} = "xyz";\{\{nl\}\}char msg2{[}{]} = "xyz";\{\{nl\}\}int result = strcmp(msg1, msg2);\{\{nl\}\}printf("\%d", result);\{\{nl\}\}//This code prints 0 ` \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 10)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
strchr() & Is used to find first occurrence of a char in a string & `char{\emph{ word = "wolves";\{\{nl\}\}void}} res = strchr(word, 's');\{\{nl\}\}printf("\%s", res);\{\{nl\}\} //This code returns a pointer to s` \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.748 cm} x{2.964 cm} x{2.888 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\textless{}stdio.h\textgreater{} and \textless{}string.h\textgreater{} functions (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
strstr() & Is used to find first occurrence of a strin in a string & `char sent{[}{]} = "The world is cold";\{\{nl\}\}void* ptr = strstr(sent, "orl");\{\{nl\}\}if (sent != NULL) \{ \{\{nl\}\}printf("\%s", ptr);\{\{nl\}\}\}\{\{nl\}\}//This code prints if substring is found` \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
strcpy() & One string copies another & `char msg{[}{]} = "Jim";\{\{nl\}\}char* nmsg = \seqsplit{malloc(strlen(msg)} * sizeof(char));\{\{nl\}\}strcpy(nmsg, msg);\{\{nl\}\}printf("\%s\textbackslash{}n", nmsg);\{\{nl\}\}//This code prints "Jim", nmsg was changed` \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 12)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.76 cm} x{4.712 cm} x{2.128 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DataTypes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
char & refers to characters or strings & Ex. "car", 'c' \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
int & refers to an integer & Ex. 1, 2, 390 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
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float & refers to a decimal, up to 6 digits & Ex. 1.909034 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
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\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{double} & refers to a decimal, up to 15 digits & Ex. \seqsplit{1.9090341111} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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void & Empty &  \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.92 cm} x{4.08 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pointers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Description:}} & A variable that stores another variables address \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`*` & The Dereference Operator:access the value stored at the address a pointer is pointing to \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\&` & The Address Operator: It is used to get the memory address of a variable. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`int num = 6; \{\{nl\}\} int *ptr = \#` & Return the address of num to ptr, and then dereference it. Essentially creating a pointer \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.6 cm} x{6.4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Loops}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
for Loop & `for (int x = 0; x \textless{} 5; x++) \{ /{\emph{body}}/ \};` \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
while Loop & `while (x\textless{}5) \{ /{\emph{body}}/ \}; ` \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.8 cm} x{3.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{How to use malloc()}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Allocates space in memory of a specific block size. Returns a void pointer if successful. Remember to free the pointer when done.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`int{\emph{ nums = malloc(sizeof(int) }} 10); ` & Creates an array of size 10 \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{How to use realloc()}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Re-allocated space of a given malloc() block space, will preserve data that's already there as long the new space is not smaller} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`int* arr = malloc(5 * sizeof(int));\{\{nl\}\}arr = realloc(arr, 10 * sizeof(int));` & The array that was created with malloc() is increased to be able to contain 5 more elements using realloc() \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.72 cm} x{5.28 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arrays}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Syntax:}} & {\emph{(datatype)}} {\bf{(var\_name)}}{[}{]} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
int arr{[}10{]}; & An integer array with space for 10 integers \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
int nums{[}{]} = \{1,2\}; & An integer array with elements declared \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
int arr{[}5{]} = \{0\}; & An integer array of all zeroes \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
int arr3{[}5{]} = \{1, 2\}; & An integer array, first two elements are set, others are 0 \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
char word{[}{]} = "Hello" & A char array which is basically a string \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.216 cm} x{3.496 cm} x{2.888 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Format Specifiers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\%c & Used for character data & char \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\%d & Used for signed integer data & int \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\%u & Used for unsigned integer data & unsigned int \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\%f or \seqsplit{\%.(num)f} & Used for float or double, can insert a number before "f" for precision & float or double \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\%s & Used for string data & char (string){[}{]} or char* (string) \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\%p & Used for printing the address of a pointer & void *(pointer) \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.596 cm} x{2.964 cm} x{3.04 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Importing files}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{To import files use {\emph{\#include ...}} at the top of the file, these are .h files} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{Use \textless{} ... \textgreater{} if importing from standard c librarby} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{Use " ... " if importing your personal file} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{`\#include} \textless{}stdio.h\textgreater{}` & Standard Input Output library & printf(); scanf(); \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{`\#include} \textless{}string.h\textgreater{}` & A library with sting manipulation functions & strlen(); strcpy(); strcat(); memcpy(); memset(); \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{`\#include} \textless{}stdlib.h\textgreater{}` & Standard Library & malloc(); realloc(); free(); rand(); \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}