\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{sbholt1}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (anatomy-and-physiology-cheat-sheet-chapters-18-20.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (sbholt1)
  /Subject (Anatomy and Physiology  Chapters 18-20 Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{141212}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F7F7F7}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Anatomy and Physiology  Chapters 18-20 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{sbholt1} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/145532/cs/31356/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}sbholt1 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/sbholt1} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 27th March, 2022.\\
   Updated 28th March, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blood}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Function of the Spleen} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Graveyard. Dying RBCs are recycled in the spleen, liver, and red bone marrow by macrophages.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{White Blood Cells} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas. Neutrophils, Lymphocyctes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils. {\bf{Leukocytes}} \textasciitilde{} There are 5 types of leukocytes organized into two classes. those are {\bf{Agranular}} , which consists of lymphocytes (20-25\%) \& monocytes (3-8\%). {\bf{Granular}}, which consists of basophils (.5-1\%) neutrophils (60-70\%) \& eosinophils (2-4\%)} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 9)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Neutrophils} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Nucleus 2-5 lobes / Our bodies "Bacteria Slayers" / Initiate {\bf{respiratory bursts}} to kill bacteria / Produce antibotic-like proteins called {\bf{defensins}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Lymphocytes} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Large single, dark purple, mostly made of lymph tissue. {\bf{T}}-cells- Ac{\bf{T}} against virus-infec{\bf{T}}ed cells \& {\bf{T}}umor cells. {\bf{T}}hymus- immunocompetence/mature. {\bf{B}}-cells- {\bf{B}}ecome plasma cells which produce anti{\bf{B}}odies ; {\bf{B}}one marrow- immunocompetence/mature} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Monocytes} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Dark purple {\emph{kidney}} or U-shaped nuclei. Largest leukocyte. Leave circulation and enter tissue- turn to {\bf{macrophages}}. Activate lymphocytes from immune response by releasing cytokines.} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Eosinophils} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Red-staining, bi-lobed. Digest parasitic worms. Lessen the severity of allergies.} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blood (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Basophils} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Rarest WBCs. U or S-shaped. Contain large purplish-black granules. Histamine (vasodilator) \& heparin (anticoagulant) attracts other WBCs to inflamed sites \& {\bf{bronchoconstriction}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Normal ph range for blood} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{7.35-7.45}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Response to injury/hemostasis} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Stoppage of bleeding. 1\textasciitilde{}Vascular Spasm 2\textasciitilde{} Platelet Plug 3\textasciitilde{}Coagulation} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Thrombocytes (Platelets)} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}\seqsplit{Megakarayocyte-Cytoplasmic} cell fragments. Form a temporary plug to seal vessels} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Leukocytes (WBC's)} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Are complete cells (They have a nucleus and organelles)} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Erythrocytes (RBC's)} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Mature RBC's have no nuclei or organelles (live approx. 120 days)} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Hypoxia} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Too few RBCs (anemia)} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Erythropoietin (EPO)} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Direct stimulus for erythropoeisis Released by kidneys in response to "hypoxia"} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Hematopoiesis (Hemopoiesis)} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}is the proliferation and differentiation of the formed elements of blood originating from a {\bf{Hemocytoblast}} (stem cell).} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Polycythemia} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}excess RBCs \textgreater{} inc blood viscosity \textgreater{} heart attack or stroke. {\bf{Polycythemia vera}}\textasciitilde{}Bone marrow cancer due to a gene mutation. {\bf{Secondary polycythemia}}\textasciitilde{}less O2 available or inc EPO. {\bf{Blood doping}}\textasciitilde{}(excess blood transfusions)} \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blood (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Leukemia} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}cancerous conditions of abnormal production (increased \#) Leukemias are named according to the abnormal WBCs involved {\bf{Myelocytic leukemia}}\textasciitilde{}involves myeloblasts {\bf{Lymphocytic leukemia}}\textasciitilde{}involves lymphocytes (Acute: quickly developing; primarily affects children Chronic: slow to develop; more prevalent in older people)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Location of Hematopoiesis} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Red Bone Marrow} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Albumin} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Most abundant protein} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{APTM Heart sounds}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sbholt1_1648413978_APTM.jpeg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blood Types}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sbholt1_1648414055_blood type.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Heart Valves}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sbholt1_1648414170_Heart Valves.PNG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Heart}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Systole/ Diastole & {\bf{Systole}}\textasciitilde{} Contraction of the heart muscles. {\bf{Diastole}}\textasciitilde{} Relaxation of the heart muscles \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Papillary Muscles & Contract \& generate tension on chordae tendineae \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cardiac Reserve & Difference between resting and maximal cardiac output \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Angina Pectoris & Pain due to deficient blood supply to the myocardium. Caused by transient stress-induced spasms of coronary arteries, increased physical demands on the heart or arteriosclerosis. Cells are weakened. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 10)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Myocardial Infract & {\bf{Hear Attack}}. Prolonged coronary blockage= prolonged lack of oxygen to the heart muscles= cardiac muscle cell death. These cells are AMITOTIC; replaced with non-contractile scar tissue. May be repairable depending on the extent of the damage and time \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 13)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Heart (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Layers of the Heart & {\bf{Epicardium}} aka visceral pericardium- visceral layer of the serous pericardium. {\bf{Myocardium}}- Spiral bundles of cardiac muscle cells held together by elastic \& collagen fibers that form a dense network called the {\emph{Fibrous Skeleton}} of the heart. {\bf{Endocardium}} innermost- Endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface that is continuous with blood vessel linings. Creates a smooth surface for easy blood flow. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 21)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
Contraction of the Heart & {\bf{Sinoatrial node (SA Node-Pacemaker)}} 60-100 beats/min. {\bf{Atrioventricular node (AV Node)}} 40-60 beats/min. {\bf{Atrioventricular (AV) bundles (Bundle of His)}} 0-40 beats/min {\bf{Right and Left bundle branches}} 0-40 beats/min {\bf{Ventricular Purkinje Fibers}} 0-40 beats/min \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 14)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Heart (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Lub/Dub sounds & Caused by the closing of heart valves. {\bf{First Sound}}\textasciitilde{} occurs as AV valves close and signifies beginning of systole (contraction). {\bf{Second Sound}}\textasciitilde{} occurs when SL valves close at the beginning of ventricular diastole (relaxed) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
Pathway of blood through Heart (Pulmonary circuit) & Right atrium-tricuspid valve-right ventricle-pulmonary semilunar valve-pulmonary \seqsplit{arteries-Lungs-pulmonary} veins-left atrium \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 7)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Pathway of blood through Heart (Systemic circuit) & Left atrium-bicuspid (mitral) valve-Left ventricle-aortic semilunar valve-aorta-to the body-vena cavas-right atrium \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 6)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
Isovolumetric \seqsplit{contraction/relaxation} & {\bf{isovolumetric Contraction}}\textasciitilde{} All 4 valves are closed. Atria relax; ventricles contract (0.3 seconds) {\bf{Isovolumetric Relaxation}}\textasciitilde{} All 4 valves are closed. Occurs in early diastole. Ventricles relax. Backflow of blood in aorta and pulmonary trunk closes semilunar valves. Quiescent period (0.4 seconds) \tn 
% Row Count 41 (+ 16)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Heart (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ventricular Filling & Takes places mid-to-late diastole. Atrial contraction (0.1 seconds). AV valves are open. 80\% of blood passively flows into ventricles. Remaining 20\% delivered with atrial systole. Heart blood pressure is low as blood enters atria and flows into ventricles. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 13)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
Development aspects of the heart & Fetal heart structures that bypass pulmonary circulation. {\bf{Forman Ovale}}\textasciitilde{} connects the two atria. After birth this closes and becomes the {\bf{Fossa Ovalis}}. {\bf{Ductus Arteriosus}}\textasciitilde{} connects pulmonary trunk and the aorta. After birth this closes and becomes the {\bf{Ligamentum Ateriosum}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 15)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cardiac Output Equation & CO= SV (Stroke Volume) X HR (Heart Rate) {\bf{If HR or SV goes up so does CO; same is true for going down}} \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Heart (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Stroke Volume Equation & SV= EDV (End Diastolic Volume) - ESV (End Systolic Volume) {\bf{EDV\textasciitilde{} amount of blood collected in a ventricle during diastole (120ml)}} {\bf{ESV\textasciitilde{} amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction (50ml)}} {\emph{Average Stroke Volume\textasciitilde{} 70ml}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
Norepinephrine & Sympathetic neuron activation releases {\bf{Norepinephrine}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Acetylcholine & Parasympathetic fibers in the vagus nerves release {\bf{Acetylcholine}}. If vagus nerves are cut= inc HR by \textasciitilde{} 25 bpm ({\bf{THIS IS CALLED VAGAL TONE}}) \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 8)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) & The heart is a "double pump" and each side can initially fail independently of the other. {\bf{LEFT SIDE}}\textasciitilde{} Pulmonary congestion\textasciitilde{} blood backing up into the lungs \textgreater{} pulmonary edema. Can lead to suffocation. {\bf{RIGHT SIDE}}\textasciitilde{} Peripheral Congestion\textasciitilde{} blood backs up at the tissue level \textgreater{} edema in the extremities. Can lead to tissue hypoxia. \tn 
% Row Count 40 (+ 17)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Heart (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Commotio Cordis & Often lethal disruption of heart rhythm that occurs as a result of a blow to the area directly over the heart, at a critical time during the cycle of a heart beat causing cardiac arrest. It is a form a ventricular fibrillation, not mechanical damage to the heart muscle or surrounding organs, and not the result of heart disease. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 17)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
Normal blood pressure in Pulmonary Trunk & 24/8 mmHg \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blood Vessels}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Arteries/Arterioles} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Always carry blood away from the heart; oxygenated {\bf{except}} for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus. {\bf{ARTERIOLES}}\textasciitilde{}Smallest arteries; lead to capillary beds. Control blood flow into capillary beds via sympathetic nervous system vasoconstriction (increased release of norepinephrine) and vasodilation (decreased release of norepinephrine)} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Veins/Venules} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Always carry blood toward the heart; deoxygenated {\bf{except}} in pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessel of fetus} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Veins} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Special adaptations to ensure return blood: Large-diameter lumens: offer little resistance to blood flow Valves prevent backflow of blood  Varicose veins and hemorrhoids are the result of incompetent valves  (valve failure).} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Capillaries} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Contact tissue cells and directly serve cellular needs. Smallest blood vessels (microscopic). Walls consisting of thin tunica intima, one cell thickness. Diameter only allows a single RBC to pass at a time. Function: exchanges of gases, nutrients, and metabolic wastes between tissue and blood.} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 8)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Neurotransmitter released by Sympathetic and Parasympathetic} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Sympathetic}}\textasciitilde{} NE-Norepinephrine {\bf{Parasympathetic}}\textasciitilde{}ACH-Acetylcholine} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blood Vessels (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) effects of blood pressure} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}released when BP falls very low causes intense vasoconstriction \textgreater{}\textgreater{} inc BP Also stimulates kidneys to conserve water} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) Equation} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}pressure that propels blood through tissues. MAP=Diastolic+ Pulse Pressure/3 (Example BP of 110/70 MAP=70+110-70/3)} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Renin-angiotensin and effects of Angiotensin II and Aldosterone} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Renin-angiotensin}} has a major effect on the cardiovascular system. Renin is an enzyme, although some sources identify it as a hormone. Renin converts the plasma protein angiotensinogen which is produced by the liver, into its active form {\bf{angiotensin I}}. {\bf{angiotensin I}} circulates in the blood and is then converted into {\bf{angiotensin II}} in the lungs. {\bf{Angiotensin II}} is a powerful vasoconstrictor, greatly increasing blood pressure. It also stimulates the release of ADH and {\bf{aldosterone}}. (Angiotensin II\textasciitilde{} released in low renal prefusion (decreased BP). Kidney are stimulated to release of renin which generates angiotensin II. Initially creates vasoconstriction (short term)\textgreater{}\textgreater{}inc BP. Long term \textgreater{}\textgreater{} {\emph{stimulates aldosterone and ADH release}}\textgreater{}\textgreater{}inc blood volume\textgreater{}\textgreater{}inc BP)} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 19)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Blood pressure Equation} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}BP= CO (Cardiac Output) X PR (Peripheral resistance)} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blood Pressure Chart}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sbholt1_1648413857_blood pressure.PNG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blood Comp}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sbholt1_1648415809_blood comp.PNG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Elements}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sbholt1_1648416320_Elements.PNG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}