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% Document Info
\author{SandRock}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (http-1-1-protocol.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (SandRock)
  /Subject (HTTP/1.1 protocol Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{HTTP/1.1 protocol Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{SandRock} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/78567/cs/19155/}}}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}SandRock \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/sandrock} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 19th March, 2019.\\
   Updated 19th March, 2019.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Request and Response Messages}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\emph{HTTP protocol}} consist into a {\emph{request message}}, sent from a {\emph{client}} to a {\emph{web server}}; and a {\emph{response message}}, sent from the {\emph{server}} to the {\emph{originating client}}. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
Request message general format: \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
`HTTP Request Line` \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
`HTTP Request Headers` \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
`(empty line)` \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
`HTTP Request Body` \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
Response message general format: \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
`HTTP Response Line` \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
`HTTP Response Headers` \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
`(empty line)` \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
`HTTP Response Body`% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HTTP Request Line}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Format: "{\bf{`METHOD PATH PROTOCOL`}}" \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
METHOD: `GET`, `HEAD`, `POST`, `PUT`, `DELETE`, `TRACE`, `OPTIONS`, `CONNECT`, `PATCH` \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
PATH: the path of the resource \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
PROTOCOL: `HTTP/1.1`% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Example: `GET /images/logo.png HTTP/1.1`}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HTTP Request Headers}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{"{\bf{`NAME: VALUE`}}"* \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
NAME: `{[}A-Za-z0-9{]}{[}A-Za-z0-9-{]}+` \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
VALUE: US-ASCII octets \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Headers are extra information for the request. There are many standard headers and you can create your own. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
See Common HTTP Request Headers% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Example set of headers: \newline `Host: en.wikipedia.org` \newline `User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 Firefox/64.0` \newline `Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,{\emph{/}};q=0.8` \newline `Accept-Language: en-GB,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.6,fr-FR;q=0.4,fr;q=0.2` \newline `Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br` \newline `Connection: keep-alive` \newline `Cookie: \seqsplit{Auth=8QXA5fSQeZAEKZVG6iRjMWvQ8KtQKAaj`}}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HTTP Request Body}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{If the HTTP method used is `POST` or `PUT`, the request may be followed by a body. It can be a file or a specific form of data. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
The `Content-Type` header must be filled with a MIME type to indicate the type of content.  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
The body is separated from the header by two line feeds (`\textbackslash{}n`).% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HTTP Response Line}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Format: `PROTOCOL STATUS REASON` \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
PROTOCOL: `HTTP/1.1` \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
STATUS: Any HTTP {\emph{Status Code}} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
REASON: A reason message \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
The reason message is usually the label associated to the status code. Some APIs may use this text field to specify an error message.% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Examples: \newline `HTTP/1.1 200 OK` \newline `HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found`}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HTTP Response Headers}}  \tn
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NAME: `{[}A-Za-z0-9{]}{[}A-Za-z0-9-{]}+` \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
VALUE: US-ASCII octets \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Headers are extra information for the response. There are many standard headers and you can create your own. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
See Common HTTP Response Headers% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HTTP Response Body}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The is usually a response body after the response headers. It can be a file or a specific form of data. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
The Content-Type header must be filled with a MIME type to indicate the type of content. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
The body is separated from the headers by two line feeds (\textbackslash{}n).% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HTTP Request Methods}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`GET`: used to retrieve a resource. Has no request body. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
`POST`: used to submit a new resource (path) or send data. Usually has a body. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
`HEAD`: used to preview the result of a `GET`operation. Has no request body and no respond body. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
`PUT`: used to submit an update to an existing resource  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
`DELETE`: used to delete the specified resource \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
`TRACE`: echoes the received request for tracing purposes \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
`OPTIONS`: verify the server supports a specified request (see \{\{link="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Preflight\_request"\}\}Preflight requests\{\{/link\}\}) \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 4)
`CONNECT`: used by HTTPS \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
`PATCH`: allows partial modification of a resource% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Common HTTP Request Headers}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Accept & List of MIME types supported \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Accept-Language} & List of languages read by the user \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Content-Length} & Length in bytes of the request body \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\seqsplit{Content-Type} & MIME type of the request body \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cookie & List of cookies stored by the client \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Host & Host name of the website \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 6
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\seqsplit{User-Agent} & Identification string for the web browser \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{There are \{\{link="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List\_of\_HTTP\_header\_fields"\}\} many more available\{\{/link\}\}. \newline You can create your own headers.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HTTP Status Codes}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{{\emph{1xx}}}} & {\bf{{\emph{Informational}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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100 & Continue \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{{\emph{2xx}}}} & {\bf{{\emph{Successful}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
200 & OK \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
201 & Created \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
202 & Accepted \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
204 & No Content \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{{\emph{3xx}}}} & {\bf{{\emph{Redirection}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
301 & Moved permanently \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
302 & Found \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
304 & Not Modified \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
308 & Permanent Redirect \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{{\emph{4xx}}}} & {\bf{{\emph{Client Error}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
400 & Bad Request \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
401 & Unauthorized \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
403 & Forbidden \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
404 & Not Found \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
405 & Method Not Allowed \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{{\emph{5xx}}}} & {\bf{{\emph{Server Error}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
500 & Internal Server Error \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
502 & Bad Gateway \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
503 & Service Unavailable \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
504 & Gateway Timeout \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{There are many \{\{link="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List\_of\_HTTP\_status\_codes"\}\}other codes\{\{/link\}\}; these are the most used. You should not create your own codes.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Common HTTP Response Headers}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`Cache-Control`: Indicates client caching conditions \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
`Content-Length`: Length of the response body in bytes \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
`Content-Type`: MIME type of the response body \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
`Expires`: Client is allowed to keep the resouce in cache \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
`Location`: Redirection URL \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
`Server`: name of the server software \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
`Set-Cookie`: new cookies that should be stored client-side% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{There are \{\{link="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List\_of\_HTTP\_header\_fields"\}\} many more available\{\{/link\}\}. \newline You can create your own headers.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Content size \& streaming}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{When a message body is exchanged, the receiver must be able to determine when the message is complete (or how many bytes should be received to consider the body complete).  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
The main operating way is to use the `Content-Length` header with the size (in bytes) of the body that is to come.  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 3)
When a streaming method is desired, an alternative way is to use the `Transfer-Encoding: chunked` header and to follow the \{\{link="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunked\_transfer\_encoding"\}\}Chunked transfer encoding\{\{/link\}\} protocol.% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Notes}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{All specifications in this document have been simplified from the official HTTP standard. Always refer to the RFCs if necessary. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\{\{link="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230"\}\}RFC-7230:    Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing\{\{/link\}\}% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Protocol versions}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{HTTP/0.9}} and {\bf{HTTP/1.0}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
History: \{\{link="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1945"\}\}RFC-1945\{\{/link\}\} (actual) \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
{\bf{HTTP/1.1}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
This is the most used HTTP version. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
History: \{\{link="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2068"\}\}RFC-2068\{\{/link\}\} (obsolete), \{\{link="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616"\}\}RFC-2616\{\{/link\}\} (obsolete), \{\{link="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230"\}\}RFC-7230\{\{/link\}\} (actual) \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 5)
{\bf{HTTP/2}} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
{\emph{According to W3Techs, as of March 2019, 33.9\% of the top 10 million websites supported HTTP/2.}} \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
History: \{\{link="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540"\}\}RFC-7540\{\{/link\}\} (actual) \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
{\bf{HTTP/3}} \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
Also called {\emph{HTTP-over-QUIC}}, it is the upcoming major version of HTTP.% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{About MIME types}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The `Accept` and `Content-Type` headers use {\emph{MIME types}} to specify the type of message content. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
There are basic MIME types for simple files and web formats: `text/plain`, `text/html`, `application/xml`, `application/json`, \seqsplit{`application/octet-stream`}, `text/css`, `text/javascript`... \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 4)
There are MIME types for all known file formats: `image/jpeg`, `image/png`, `audio/mpeg`, `application/pdf`, `application/zip`, `font/woff`, `video/mp4`... \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 4)
There are specific MIME types related to browsers and APIs: `multipart/mixed`, `multipart/form-data`, `multipart/byteranges`, \seqsplit{`application/x-www-form-urlencoded`}... \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 4)
Sometimes, extra information are added to a type. Text format can have a charset specification: \seqsplit{`text/plain;charset=UTF-8`} \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 3)
See: \{\{link="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045"\}\}RFC-2045\{\{/link\}\}, \{\{link="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2046"\}\}RFC-2046\{\{/link\}\}, \{\{link="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2047"\}\}RFC-2047\{\{/link\}\}, \{\{link="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4288"\}\}RFC-4288\{\{/link\}\}, \{\{link="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4289"\}\}RFC-4289\{\{/link\}\}, \{\{link="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2049"\}\}RFC-2049\{\{/link\}\}; and \{\{link="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics\_of\_HTTP/MIME\_types"\}\}MDN: MIME type\{\{/link\}\}% Row Count 28 (+ 11)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Examples: \newline `Content-Type: \seqsplit{text/plain;charset=utf-8`}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Proxy}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{HTTP Proxy servers are act as an intermediary for client-to-server requests such as HTTP. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
A forward proxy is a type of proxy server that receives and forwards requests in order to cache and facilitate access to a wide range of web servers.  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 4)
A reverse proxy is a type of proxy server that receives and forwards requests in order to do load-balancing for a group of web servers.% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{See \{\{link="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy\_server"\}\}Proxy servers\{\{/link\}\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}