\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Sam Hill (Sam Hill)} \pdfinfo{ /Title (greek-basics.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Sam Hill (Sam Hill)) /Subject (Greek - Basics Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{DAC7FF} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F5F1FF} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Greek - Basics Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Sam Hill (Sam Hill)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/9605/cs/1254/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Sam Hill (Sam Hill) \\ \uline{cheatography.com/sam-hill} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 21st September, 2020.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9154 cm} p{0.73232 cm} x{2.92928 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Alphabet}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Letter}} & {\bf{Name}} & {\bf{Pronunciation}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} α - Α & alpha & long: f{\bf{a}}ther short: dram{\bf{a}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} β - Β & beta & {\bf{b}}it \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} γ - Γ & gamma & {\bf{g}}et \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} δ - Δ & delta & {\bf{d}}en \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} ε - Ε & \seqsplit{epsilon} & g{\bf{e}}t \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ζ - Ζ & zeta & a{\bf{dds}} (dz) \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} η - Η & eta & w{\bf{ai}}t \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} θ - Θ & theta & {\bf{th}}ought \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} ι - Ι & iota & long: m{\bf{ee}}t short: b{\bf{i}}t \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} κ - Κ & kappa & {\bf{k}}it \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} λ - Λ & \seqsplit{lambda} & {\bf{l}}it \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} μ - Μ & mu & {\bf{m}}eet \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} ν - Ν & nu & {\bf{n}}eat \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ξ - Ξ & xi & coa{\bf{x}}, e{\bf{xc}}ept (ks) \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} ο - Ο & \seqsplit{omicron} & th{\bf{ough}}t \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} π - Π & pi & {\bf{p}}en \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} ρ - Ρ & rho & d{\bf{r}}ama \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} σ ς - Σ & sigma & {\bf{s}}et \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} τ - Τ & tau & {\bf{t}}en \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} υ - Υ & \seqsplit{upsilon} & long: b{\bf{oo}}t short: p{\bf{u}}t \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 2) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} φ - Φ & phi & {\bf{f}}it \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 1) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} χ - Χ & chi & lo{\bf{ck}}et, ba{\bf{ck}} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 1) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9154 cm} p{0.73232 cm} x{2.92928 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Alphabet (cont)}} \tn % Row 23 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ψ - Ψ & psi & fla{\bf{ps}} (ps) \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{white} ω - Ω & omega & t{\bf{o}}tal \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vowels}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Long}} & {\bf{Short}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} α & α \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} η & ε \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} ι & ι \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ω & ο \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} υ & υ \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.09034 cm} x{2.88666 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Diphthongs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Diphthong}} & {\bf{Pronunciation}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} αι & def{\bf{y}}, f{\bf{i}}ne \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ει & w{\bf{ai}}t \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} οι & b{\bf{oy}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} υι & {\bf{wi}}t \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} αυ & sc{\bf{ow}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ευ & (ε + υ) \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} ηυ & (η + υ) \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ου & b{\bf{oo}}t \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.79859 cm} p{0.45947 cm} p{0.45947 cm} p{0.45947 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Consonants}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Labials}} & π & β & φ \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Dentals}} & τ & δ & θ \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Palatals}} & κ & γ & χ \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gamma plus Constants}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Combo}} & {\bf{Sound}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} γγ & a{\bf{ng}}er \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} γκ & ba{\bf{nk}}er \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} γξ & lary{\bf{nx}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} γχ & lu{\bf{nkh}}ead \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.14425 cm} x{1.64772 cm} x{1.78503 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conditional Sentences}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Protasis}} & {\bf{Apodosis}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Future More Vivid}} & ἐάν + subj. ({\emph{does}}) & future indic. ({\emph{will do}}) \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Future Less Vivid}} & εἰ + opt. ({\emph{should do}}) & opt. + ἄν ({\emph{would do}}) \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Present General}} & ἐάν + subj. ({\emph{does}}) & pres. indic. ({\emph{does}}) \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Past General}} & εἰ + opt. ({\emph{did}}) & imperf. indic. ({\emph{did}}) \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Present Contrafactual}} & εἰ + imperf. indic. ({\emph{were doing}}) & imperf. indic. + ἄν ({\emph{would be doing}}) \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Past Contrafactual}} & εἰ + aorist indic. ({\emph{had done}}) & aorist. indic. + ἄν ({\emph{would have done}}) \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nouns}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Gender}} & Masculine - ὁ \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} & Feminine - ἡ \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Neuter - τό \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Number}} & Singular \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Dual \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} & Plural \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Case}} & Nominative - {\bf{Subject}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} & Genitive - of (possession) \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Dative - to/for (object other than direct obj), by/with (instrumentality), in/at (place where, time when) \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 4) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} & Accusative - {\bf{Direct Object}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.13551 cm} x{1.84149 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{First Declension Nouns}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Nom. Singular}} & -(η/α) \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Gen.}} & -(η/α)ς \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Dat.}} & -(η/α) \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Acc.}} & -(η/α)ν \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Voc.}} & -(η/α) \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Nom. Plural}} & -αι \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Gen.}} & -ῶν \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Dat.}} & -αις \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Acc.}} & -ας \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Voc.}} & -αι \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Vowel declension with stems ending in long "a"} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.43413 cm} p{1.54287 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{First Declension Nouns (short "a")}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Nom/Voc}} & -α \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Gen}} & -ης \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Dat}} & -η \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Acc}} & -αν \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{These nouns have a short "a" in the Nominative/Vocative and Accusative, but have the same endings as all other first declension cases.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{First Declension Nouns (masculine)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Nom.}} & -(η/α)ς \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Gen.}} & -ου \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Voc.}} & -(η/α) \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Different ending only in Nominative, Genitive, and Vocative. All other endings are the same.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.16956 cm} x{1.00248 cm} x{1.00248 cm} x{1.00248 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Article}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{M}} & {\bf{F}} & {\bf{N}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Nom. S}} & ὁ & ἡ & τό \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Gen.}} & τοῦ & τῆς & τοῦ \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Dat.}} & τῷ & τῇ & τῷ \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Acc.}} & τόν & τήν & τό \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Nom. P}} & οἱ & αἱ & τά \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Gen.}} & τῶν & τῶν & τῶν \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Dat.}} & \seqsplit{τοῖς} & \seqsplit{ταῖς} & \seqsplit{τοῖς} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Acc.}} & τούς & τάς & τά \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.87965 cm} x{1.00248 cm} p{0.75186 cm} p{0.54301 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Second Declension Nouns}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & ὁ / ἡ & & τό \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Nom. Singular}} & -ος & & -ον \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Gen.}} & & -ου & \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Dat.}} & & -ῳ & \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Acc.}} & & -ον & \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Voc.}} & -ε & & -ον \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Nom. Plural}} & -οι & & -α \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Gen.}} & & -ων & \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Dat.}} & & \seqsplit{-οις} & \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Acc.}} & -ους & & -α \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Voc.}} & & -α & \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{Vowel declension of stems ending in "o"} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Verb Tenses}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/sam-hill_1380080616_Doc.jpg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Simple aspect: An action plainly and simply. \newline Prog/Rep aspect: An action in progress/ done habitually. \newline Completed aspect: An action that is completed.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Verb Mood}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Indicative}} & Factual \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Subjunctive}} & Used in the purpose clause \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Optative}} & Used in the purpose clause \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Imperative}} & Command \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Verb Voice}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Active}} & Subject {\emph{performs}} action. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Passive}} & Subject {\emph{receives}} action. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Middle}} & Subject {\emph{performs}} action but has an interest in the action. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{1.04517 cm} x{3.93183 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Principal Parts}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} I. & Present active \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} II. & Future active \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} III. & Aorist active \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} IV. & Perfect active \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} V. & Perfect passive \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} VI. & Aorist passive \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{All principal parts are first person, singular, indicative.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.32733 cm} x{1.55618 cm} x{1.69349 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Present/Future Indicative Active}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Person}} & {\bf{Singular}} & {\bf{Plural}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{1st}} & -ω & -ομεν \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{2nd}} & -εις & -ετε \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{3rd}} & -ει & -ουσι(ν) \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{With these endings: \newline Use the stem from PPI for present indicative active. \newline Use the stem from PPII for future indicative active.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.41887 cm} x{1.73926 cm} x{1.41887 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Imperfect Indicative Active}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Person}} & {\bf{Singular}} & {\bf{Plural}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{1st}} & -ον & -ομεν \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{2nd}} & -ες & -ετε \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{3rd}} & -ε(ν) & -ον \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{With these endings, add an augment to the stem from PPI.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.41887 cm} x{1.73926 cm} x{1.41887 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Aorist Indicative Active}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Person}} & {\bf{Singular}} & {\bf{Plural}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{1st}} & -α & -αμεν \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{2nd}} & -ας & -ατε \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{3rd}} & -ε(ν) & -αν \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{With these endings, use the stem (and augment that is already there) from PPIII.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.3731 cm} x{1.69349 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Perfect Indicative Active}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Person}} & {\bf{Singular}} & {\bf{Plural}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{1st}} & -α & -αμεν \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{2nd}} & -ας & -ατε \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{3rd}} & -ε(ν) & -ασι(ν) \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{With these endings, use the stem from PPIV.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.41887 cm} x{1.73926 cm} x{1.41887 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pluperfect Indicative Active}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Person}} & {\bf{Singular}} & {\bf{Plural}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{1st}} & -η & -εμεν \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{2nd}} & -ης & -ετε \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{3rd}} & -ει(ν) & -εσαν \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{With these endings, add an augment to the stem from PPIV.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.3731 cm} x{1.69349 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Present/Aorist Subjunctive Active}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Person}} & {\bf{Singular}} & {\bf{Plural}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{1st}} & -ω & -ωμεν \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{2nd}} & -ῃς & -ητε \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{3rd}} & -ῃ & -ωσι(ν) \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{With these endings: \newline Use the stem from PPI for the present subjunctive active. \newline Use the stem (UN-augmented) from PPIII for the aorist subjunctive active.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.3731 cm} x{1.69349 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Present Optative Active}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Person}} & {\bf{Singular}} & {\bf{Plural}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{1st}} & -οιμι & -οιμεν \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{2nd}} & -οις & -οιτε \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{3rd}} & -οι & -οιεν \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{With these endings, use the stem from PPI.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.00694 cm} x{1.64772 cm} x{1.92234 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Aorist Optative Active}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Person}} & {\bf{Singular}} & {\bf{Plural}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{1st}} & -αιμι & -αιμεν \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{2nd}} & \seqsplit{-αις/ειας} & -αιτε \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{3rd}} & \seqsplit{-αι/ειε(ν)} & \seqsplit{-αιεν/-ειαν} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{With these endings Ï…se the stem (UN-augmented) from PPIII.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.63321 cm} x{1.34379 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Infinitives}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Pres. Indic. Active}} & -ειν \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Aorist Indic. Active}} & -αι \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Perf. Indic. Active}} & -έναι \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Use the un-augmented stem for Aorist.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}