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\author{salthom}
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  /Title (reasoning-and-argumentation.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (salthom)
  /Subject (Reasoning and Argumentation Cheat Sheet)
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\noindent
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Reasoning and Argumentation Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{salthom} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/23852/cs/5351/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}salthom \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/salthom} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 8th October, 2015.\\
   Updated 13th May, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quiz 2}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. The major premise of any categorical syllogism is the premise that} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}contains the predicate of the conclusion} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2. The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the term occurring in a syllogism that appears in both the oremesis of a categorical syllogism but not in the conclusion} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Middle term} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3. A term is said to be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ when reference is made to only a portion of the class of objects} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Undistributed} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{4. Two propositions are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ when they can both be true, but both cannot be false} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Sub-contrary} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{5. A statement about a relationship of either inclusion or exclusion, partial or total, between two groups of objects or events is called} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Categorical} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{6. A(n) \_\_\_\_\_ proposition declares that the relationship between two classes is one of partial inclusion} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}I form} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{7. A(n) \_\_\_\_ proposition declares that the relationship between two classes is one of total exclusion} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}E Form} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{8. A(n) \_\_\_\_ proposition declares that the relationship between two classes is one of partial exclusion} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}O Form} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{9. The propositions in an argument that support the conclusion are called the \_\_\_\_\_} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Premises} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quiz 2 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{10. Whenever a conclusion is drawn from a single premise, without reference to evidence from any other source, we call this argument} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Immediate inference} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{11. A term is said to be a \_\_\_\_\_ when reference is about the entire class of objects} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Distributed} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{12. An unreliable inference or error in reasoning is called a \_\_\_\_} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Fallacy} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Multiple Choice}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Homework}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. A few lazy students do not prepare for class. Steve prepares for class. We can conclude that Steve is not a lazy student \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{Answer:}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
                                              Some lazy students are not class preparers O \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
                                              All Steve (d) are class preparer (u) A \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
                                               \seqsplit{\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
Steve is not a Lazy student -{}-\textgreater{} No Steve (d) are class preparer (u) \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
Invalid:Illicit Distribution% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{A. Fallacy of four terms \newline B. Undistributed middle term \newline C. Faulty exclusion \newline D. Illicit distribution \newline E. Syllogism}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Rules}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Step 1: Change the claim to either its contrary if universal or subcontrary if particular} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Step 2: Leave the subject alone} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Step 3. Compliment the predicate} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quiz 2 - Convert if possible}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. All envious people are difficult to work with} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Can't convert (it is an A form)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2. No exams are pleasant experiences} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}No pleasant experiences are exams} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quiz 2 - Obvert}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. No terrorists are patriotic Americans} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}All terrorists are non-patriotic Americans} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2. Any term distributed in the conclusion of a categorical syllogism must be distributed in the premises} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}No terms distributed in the conclusion of a categorical syllogism are terms that must be non-distributed in the premises} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quiz 2 - True, False, Unknown}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Assume the following proposition is TRUE {\emph{All patriots are voters.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. No patriots are non-voters} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2. All non-voters are non-patriots} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3. All voters are patriots} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Unknown}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{4. Some patriots are not voters} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{False}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{5. Only voters are patriots (No non-voters are patriots)} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{6. Only patriots are voters (No non-patriots are voters)} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Unknown}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{7. Some patriots are voters} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quiz 2 - Restate in standard categorical form}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. Nearly every student must be immunized} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Some students are people who must be immunized} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2. Only freshmen can enroll today.} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}No non-freshmen are students allowed to enroll today} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.99557 cm} x{2.43743 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Definitions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
A & Distributes the subject \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
E & Distributes both \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I & Distributes neither \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
O & Distributes the predicate \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Middle Term & occurs in the premises, distributed once, cannot be in the conclusion \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Major Premises & the predicate of the conclusion \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Contradiction} & opposite truth value - if one's true, the other is false \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Contrary & Both can't be true, however both can be false \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Sub-Contrary} & Both can be true at the same time, however both can't be false at the same time \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Subimplication} & The truth of the universal proposition guarantees the truth of the particular \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Superimplication} & The falsity of the particular claim guarantees the falsity of the universal \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Syllogism & Deductive argument in which a conclusion is drawn from 2 pieces of evidence (premises) \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Arguments with missing propositions are called {\bf{Enthymemes}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quiz 2 - Consider the argument}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Since all politicians are careful planners and it is also a fact that nearly all bank robbers are also careful planners. It only stands to reason that some bank robbers are politicians & {\bf{Answer:}} The conclusion of the argument is a - Some bank robbers are politicians \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Determine if the arguments are valid or invalid. Which reason describes the reason the syllogism is invalid. {\bf{A: Fallacy of four terms B: Undistributed middle term C: Faulty exclusion D: Illicit distribution E: Syllogism satisfies all four terms}} & 1. Every politician provides his services and experiences freely. No criminal gives freely his experience and services. Therefore no politician is a criminal. {\bf{Answer:}} VE \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 13)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 2. This building was certified prior to the fire because it was inspected and all certified buildings have been inspected {\bf{Answer:}} IB \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quiz 2 - Consider the argument (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 3. The categorical proposition {\emph{Only truly dedicated men enter the priesthood.}} Is translated to {\bf{Answer:}} No non-truly dedicated men are men who enter the priesthood \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Notes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(A Form): All (\_\_\_) {[}distributed{]} are (\_\_\_) {[}undistributed{]}: inclusive quality; universal quantity} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(I Form): Some (\_\_\_) {[}undistributed{]} are (\_\_\_) {[}undistributed{]}: inclusive; partical} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(E Form): No (\_\_\_) {[}distributed{]} are (\_\_\_) {[}distributed{]}: exclusive; universal} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(O Form): Some (\_\_\_) {[}undistributed{]} are not (\_\_\_) {[}distributed{]}: exclusive; partial} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Inclusive: A, I} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Exclusive: E, O} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Universal: A, E} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Partial: I, O} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Only is universal and exclusive = E Form} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{A Few = I form} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Few = O form} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{If there are no non's you can leave it alone} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Only use conversion on E and I forms} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{A and I = Affirmative quality} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{E and O = Negative quality} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Square of Opposition}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/salthom_1444271187_IMAG000.GIF}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quiz 2}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. In the O-form proposition the subject is undistributed} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2. No valid argument can have a false conclusion if the premises are true} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3. Conversion is a valid operation for all four types of categorical propositions} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{False}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{4. In a valid categorical syllogism, the middle term must be distributed twice} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{False}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{5. A valid categorical syllogism must have exactly three terms, each used exactly twice to refer the same class} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{6. In a valid categorical syllogism, every term distributed in the premises must be distributed in the conclusion} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{False}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{7. When two categorical propositions differ in only their degree of generality, the truth of the more general proposition logically implies the less general} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{8. A strong inductive argument is an argument in which the premises of the argument establish a relatively high degree of probability that the conclusion is true} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quiz 2 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{9. If a conversion is valid, no term in the converse can be distributed unless it was distributed in the original proposition} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{10. All sound deductive arguments have a true conclusion} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{11. Any categorical proposition is logically equivalent to its converse} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{False}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{12. A syllogism is a deductive argument with two premises and one conclusion} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{13. It is a flaw in the argument's structure or form that causes the argument to be invalid} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{14. All four forms of standard categorical propositions may be simply converted} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{False}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{15. All valid arguments must have a true conclusion} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{False}}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{16. No invalid argument can have a true conclusion} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{False}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{17. If there are two exclusive premises in a syllogism, then the conclusion must be affirmative} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{False}}*} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{18. The truth of the premises guarantee the validity of the argument} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{False}}} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quiz 2 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{19. If the premises are true and the argument is valid then the conclusion must be true} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{20. All four standard forms of the categorical proposition have a logical equivalent} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{21. A sound deductive argument must be both valid and have true premises} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{True}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}