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% Document Info
\author{sadieweaver}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (c-101-midterm-3.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (sadieweaver)
  /Subject (C++ 101 Midterm 3 Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{C++ 101 Midterm 3 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{sadieweaver} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/86436/cs/20098/}}}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}sadieweaver \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/sadieweaver} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 27th July, 2019.\\
   Updated 14th August, 2019.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{istream ostream}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`friend ostream\& operator\textless{}\textless{}(ostream\& out, room\& r) \{ out \textless{}\textless{} "Width:"  \textless{}\textless{}  r.width \textless{}\textless{} ", Length:" \textless{}\textless{} r.length; return out; \}`} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`friend istream\& operator\textgreater{}\textgreater{}(istream\& in, room\& r) \{ cout \textless{}\textless{} "Enter width: " \textless{}\textless{} endl; in \textgreater{}\textgreater{} r.width; cout \textless{}\textless{} "Enter length: " \textless{} endl; in \textgreater{}\textgreater{} r.length; return in; \}`} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Strings vs C-strings (ch8)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\#include \textless{}string\textgreater{}` & `\#include \textless{}cstring\textgreater{}` \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Reading in:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \textgreater{}\textgreater{} stops reading at the first space \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`string input;`\{\{nl\}\}`getline(cin, input);` & `char input{[}100{]}`\{\{nl\}\}`cin.getline(input, 100);` \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`string s1;` & empty c-string: `char s{[}20{]} = "";` \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Returning:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & returning c-strings: return type of pointer. \{\{nl\}\} `char* funct()\{...return...\}` \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{for both: make sure that if you return something in a function if it's a variable defined in the function that is was defined dynamically or is `static`.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Operations:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
`s.length()` or `s.size()` & `strlen(s)` - s is a c-string \{\{nl\}\} cannot use .length() or .size() \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`s2 = s1;` & `strcpy(s2, s1)` - copy s1 to s2 \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
`s1 == s2;` & `strcmp(s1, s2) == 0;` - tests for equality \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`s1 += s3` & `strcat(char* s1, const char* s2);` \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Strings vs C-strings (ch8) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{string s to double `stod(s);`} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`char* s` to `double`: `strtod(s, nullptr);`} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Functions:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Random:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & c-strings have a null termination character '/0'. So to define a c-string to hold 20 it's `char input{[}21{]};` \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
same thing as \textgreater{} & c++ doesn't check indexes to validate if something is within bounds \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`int n = 3;      cout \textless{}\textless{} (char)(n + '0') \textless{}\textless{} endl;` prints 3.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`char c = 'D';      cout \textless{}\textless{} (c - 'A') \textless{}\textless{} endl;` prints 3.} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`char name{[}100{]};      char* get\_name() \{ . .                .           return \seqsplit{\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_;} \}` return `name`} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Constructors}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Default:}} `foo()` no arguments\{\{nl\}\}`foo f1;` or `foo* f2 = new foo;`} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Conversion:}} `foo(int i)` one argument to be turned into the class object\{\{nl\}\}`foo f1(3);` or `foo* f2 = new foo(3);`} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{General:}} `foo(int x, int y)` anything with more than one} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Copy:}} `foo(foo\& f)` pointer argument} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Move:}} `foo(foo\&\& f)` double pointer} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Constructor and Initializer List Examples}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Choose the best C++ class named person that has: A private member field for the person's first name; A private member field for the person's last name; A private member field for the person's age; and a public constructor:} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}`class Person\{ string first; string last; int age; \{\{nl\}\}public: person(string f, string l, int a) : first(f), last(l), age(a) \{\} \};`} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{UML: {\bf{Student}}\{\{nl\}\}-name: string \{\{nl\}\} -gpa:double \{\{nl\}\}+Student(n: string, g: double)} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}`class Student\{\{nl\}\}\{private: \{\{nl\}\}string name;\{\{nl\}\}double gpa;\{\{nl\}\}public:\{\{nl\}\}Student(string n, double g) : name(n), gpa(g) \{\} \};`} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Write a single constructor that works as default, conversion, and general: {\bf{UML fraction}}\{\{nl\}\}-numerator:int\{\{nl\}\}-denominator:int\{\{nl\}\}+fraction(n: int, d:int) \{\{nl\}\}(default values: n = 0, d = 1)} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}`fraction(int n = 0, int d = 1) : numerator(n), denominator(d) \{\}`} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{UML: {\bf{Foo}}\{\{nl\}\}-count:int\{\{nl\}\}+running: bool (set running to true)\{\{nl\}\}+Foo(a\_count: int)\{\{nl\}\}-my\_helper(arg: int) : char} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}`class Foo\{\{nl\}\}\{private: \{\{nl\}\}int count;\{\{nl\}\}char my\_helper(int arg)\{\{nl\}\}public:\{\{nl\}\}bool running = true;\{\{nl\}\}Foo(int a\_count) : count(a\_count) \{\} \};`} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Extras}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Only technical difference between structures and classes:} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}features in classes are private by default, features in structures are public by default} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Constructors name is} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}the same as the name of the class} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Facts}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{+: public\{\{nl\}\}-: private\{\{nl\}\}\#: protected\{\{nl\}\}underlined:static} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Auto: Stack\{\{nl\}\}Dynamic: Heap} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{defining functions outside of a class: `return-type \seqsplit{class::function-name(arguments)`} with a prototype included in class file.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.8308 cm} x{1.3731 cm} x{1.3731 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Member/Friend Summary}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
member/nonmbr & Implicit Args & Explicit Args \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Unary Member:}} & 1 & 0 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Unary Friend:}} & 0 & 1 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Binary Mbr:}} & 1 & 1 \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Binary Friend:}} & 0 & 2 \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{mbr/ nonmbr in and out a class}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mbr defined in the class} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}`foo operator+(foo f)\{...\}`} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mbr defined out the class} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}`foo foo::operator+(foo f)\{...\}`} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Nonmbr defined in the class} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}`friend foo operator+(foo f1, foo f2) \{...\}`} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Nonmbr defined out the class} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}`foo operator+(foo f1, foo f2) \{...\}`} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Command-line}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{main function definition to allow a program to access command line arguments: \{\{nl\}\} `main(int argc, char* argv{[}{]})`} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A program is named "my\_program" and is executed from the command line as my\_program file1 file2 file3 file4 If the program is written in C++ and the arguments are passed in to main, what is the value of argc and what is stored in argv{[}2{]}? \{\{nl\}\} argc = 5, argv{[}2{]} = file2} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}