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% Document Info
\author{Rybak}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (vets1022-mr-nha-histology.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Rybak)
  /Subject (VETS1022 Mr.Nha Histology Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{VETS1022 Mr.Nha Histology Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Rybak} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/170879/cs/37199/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Rybak \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/rybak} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 19th February, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Epithelial Tissue}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ Introduction}}: \{\{nl\}\} - Covering \{\{nl\}\} - Glandular} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Covering (Biểu mô phủ): \{\{nl\}\} - {\bf{Covers exposed surfaces}} \{\{nl\}\} - {\bf{Lines internal tracts}} (of digestive/ respiratory/ urogenital) \{\{nl\}\} - {\bf{Line cavities}} (thorax, abdomen, heart,...)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Glandular: \{\{nl\}\} Forms 2 types of gland: \{\{nl\}\} -{\bf{ Exocrine }}\{\{nl\}\} -{\bf{ Endocrine}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Eoxocrine glands line under the epithelial layer, above the connective tissue layer, lie across different sections of the body}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Characteristics of epithelia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Cellularity}}}} \{\{nl\}\} Cells bound together by various types of cell junctions (gap junctions, tight junctions)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Polarity}}}} \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Apical surface}}: \{\{nl\}\} - Pointing towards the external environment or internal space \{\{nl\}\} - Specialisations: cillia, microvilli, stereocillia \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{ Basal surface}}: \{\{nl\}\} - Attached to the basal membrane (Basale lamina) \{\{nl\}\} - Surfaces differ in structure and function} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Attachment}} : \{\{nl\}\} Basal surface attached to a {\bf{basement membrane}} made of a {\bf{ thin layer of mucopolysaccharides and proteins}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Avascularity}}}}: \{\{nl\}\} - Dont contain blood vessels \{\{nl\}\} - Obtain nutrients by diffusion or absorption} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Regeneration}}}}: \{\{nl\}\} - High rate of cell division (mitotic index) \{\{nl\}\} - Damaged or dead cells at the exposed surfaces are replaced with basal stem cells goin up} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Roles of Epithelia}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Protection}}}}:\{\{nl\}\} Against abrasion, dehydration, damage from chemical or biological agents} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Permeability}}}}: \{\{nl\}\} Any substance has to cross a layer of epithelium ( via diffusion, pumps, channels)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{ Sensation}}}}: \{\{nl\}\} - Innervated by sensory nerves \{\{nl\}\} - Specialised epithelial cells can detect changes in environment and convey info to nervous system} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Secretion}}}}: \{\{nl\}\} Gland cells: secrete fluids} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Classification (BASED ON ARRANGEMENT)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Simple}}}}: one cell layer \{\{nl\}\} - Simple squamous (flattened)\{\{nl\}\} - Simple cuboidal (width approx. height)\{\{nl\}\} - Simple columnar ( height \textgreater{} width)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{ Stratified}}}}: multiple layers \{\{nl\}\} - Stratified squamous \{\{nl\}\} - Stratified cuboidal \{\{nl\}\} - Stratified columnar} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{ Pseudostratified Columnar}}}}: \{\{nl\}\} - Tall principle cells and short pyramidal basal cells \{\{nl\}\} - ALL cells rest on basement membrane but NOT ALL reach the Lumen.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Transitional}}}}: \{\{nl\}\}Special type of Stratified that can stretch and made up different types of epithelial cells} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Simple}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Simple Squamous}}}}: \{\{nl\}\} - Flattened, polyhedral cells with a bulging nucleus \{\{nl\}\} - Delicate, found in protected regions (away from external environment) \{\{nl\}\} - Allows for easy exchange of gases, ions and small molecules \{\{nl\}\} - Lines lung alveoli, body cavities, heart, blood vessels} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{ Simple Cuboidal}}}}: \{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{Cuboidal}} in {\bf{longitudinal section}}, {\bf{ Polygonal}} in {\bf{cross section}} with a central nucleus \{\{nl\}\} - Involved in: secretion, absorption, excretion \{\{nl\}\} - Found in : glands, ducts, parts of kidney tubules, thyroid gland} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{ Simple Columnar}}}}: \{\{nl\}\} Height \textgreater{} width with basal nucleus usu. same level across \{\{nl\}\} - Involved in: Protection, absorption, secretion (have microvilli and cillia) \{\{nl\}\} - Lining of stomach, intestines, oviducts, collecting ducts of kidneys \{\{nl\}\} - Often have modified apical surface (microvillia/cillia)} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pseudostratified Columnar}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Tall principle cells and short pyramidal basal cells} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- All cells stems from BASAL LAMINA but not all reach the LUMEN} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Found in: nasal cavities, trachea, bronchi \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{-{}-\textgreater{}}} Have cillia; propel mucous and trapped particles to the pharynx} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Also found in Epididymis (stereocillia)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Stratified Squamous}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Stratified Squamous}}}}: \{\{nl\}\} - {\bf{Found in}}: places needed mechanical/physical protection: skin, linings of mouth, esophagus and anus \{\{nl\}\} - {\bf{Protects against:}} abrasion, pathogens, chemical/biological agents \{\{nl\}\} - {\bf{Regeneration}}: Basal cells multiply -{}-\textgreater{} move towards surface -{}-\textgreater{} flattening and degenerating as they reach superficial layers \{\{nl\}\} - {\bf{Classified into:}} Keratinised and Non-keratinised \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{{\emph{Non - keratinised}}}}: in mouth, keep moist by glandular secretions \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{{\emph{Keratinised}}}}: In places with mechanical and dehydration problems; keratin deposited in cells as they mature -{}-\textgreater{} harden, form tough, acellular surface layer as they die} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 14)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Four Major Strata}}}}: \{\{nl\}\} - {\bf{Stratum corneum}} Cornified layer (dead keratinised cells) \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{ - Stratum granulosum}}: Granular layer ( keratin and granules forming) \{\{nl\}\} - {\bf{Stratum sphosum}}: "Prickle cell" layer (many desmosomes)\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{ Stratum germinativum}}: Germinal layer (forming new cells)} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{NOTE: \newline - Basal cells divide continously -{}-\textgreater{} Daughter cells push upwards -{}-\textgreater{} Mature then degenerate -{}-\textgreater{} Are shredded \newline - Basal cells are cuboidal -{}-\textgreater{} become squamous as moving upwards -{}-\textgreater{} Lose nucleus as peak maturity}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Stratified Cuboidal and Columnar}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Stratified Cuboidal}}}}\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Structure}}: \{\{nl\}\} - 2 to 3 layers of cuboidal or low columnar -{}-\textgreater{} more robust lining than its simple counterpart \{\{nl\}\} - {\bf{Rare, found in}}: ducts of salivary, sweat, mammary glands} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Stratified Columnar}}}}\{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Structure}}: \{\{nl\}\}- Basal layer: cuboidal \{\{nl\}\}- Apical layer: columnar \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Rare, found in}}: Urethra, ducts of salivary glands} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Trasitional}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Characteristics}}: \{\{nl\}\} - {\bf{Stratified}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- {\bf{Various cell shapes}}: \{\{nl\}\} + Basal cells: cuboidal \{\{nl\}\} +  Intermediate: polygonal \{\{nl\}\} + Apical: round and sometimes binucleate} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- {\bf{ Accommodates to toxicity of urine}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- {\bf{ High degree of stretch}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- {\bf{ Only in urinary tracts}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functional Correlates}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Know types of epithelial cells -{}-\textgreater{} Functions of an organ} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Ex: \{\{nl\}\} - Simple usu. means absorption, secretion  \{\{nl\}\} - Stratified: robust protection  \{\{nl\}\} -{}-\textgreater{} Stratified Squamous: protection of places subjected to wear and tear  \{\{nl\}\} -{}-\textgreater{} Simple cuboidal: secretion of glandular fluids  \{\{nl\}\} -{}-\textgreater{} Columnar with microvilli: absorption} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}