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% Document Info
\author{Ru4052}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (vets2011-respiratory-anatomy.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Ru4052)
  /Subject (VETS2011 - RESPIRATORY ANATOMY Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{VETS2011 - RESPIRATORY ANATOMY Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Ru4052} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/187552/cs/39187/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Ru4052 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ru4052} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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\columnbreak
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  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 13th June, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
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% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{primary function}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{oxygenate blood, excrete CO2} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{secondary functions}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- olfaction} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- phonation} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- temperature regulation} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 0)
% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{structural evolution}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{→ deny particulate matter} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{→ maximize surface area for gas exchange} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{→ warm and humidify air} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMPONENTS MAMMALIAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{conducting component}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- nose, nasal cavity, nasopharynx} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- larynx} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- trachea, bronchi, bronchioles} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{respiratory component}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- respiratory bronchioles} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- alveoli} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 9
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% Row Count 8 (+ 0)
% Row 10
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{pumping mechanism}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 11
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- diagram} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 12
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- rib cage} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 13
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- neurological control} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{conducting component - NOSE}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} consists of} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{nasal cavities}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
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% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{nose - EXTERNAL NOSE}}  \tn
% Row 0
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% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} affected by} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- shape of supporting lateral nasal cartilages} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- skin type around nose} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} supported by {\bf{lateral nasal cartilages}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 5
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% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- may have accessory cartilage} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
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% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{nose - EXTERNAL NOSE}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} dog, cat, sheep, goat} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- cartilage complete laterally} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- thick, hairless skin or {\emph{planum nasale}} confined to area around nostrils} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- well-defined philtrum} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
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% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- cartilage complete laterally} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- extra support by rostral bone medially} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\emph{planum rostrale}} continuous with upper lip} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- small philtrum} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 0)
% Row 11
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% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- cartilage complete laterally} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\emph{planum nasolabiale}} continuous with upper lip} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- no philtrum} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 0)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} horse} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- small cartilage laterally} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- extra {\emph{alar cartilage}} supports dorsal, ventral, medial} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- nothing laterally → nostrils can stretch} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- horse must breath by nose} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- normal skin around nostrils} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{nose - EXTERNAL NOSE}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{provide moisture for nose} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} in ruminant and pig - glands in planum} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} in carnivores (no gland in planum)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- lateral nasal glands} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- glands in septum} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- lachrymal glands} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{NASAL CAVITY}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{nasal septum}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{perpendicular plate}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- caudal} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- continuous with cribriform plate (both ethmoid bone)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{cartilaginous nasal septum}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- rostral} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- supported by vomer} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} have {\bf{nasal conchae}} (turbinate bones)} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- thin complex, bony scrolls projecting from inside of lateral wall} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- types: dorsal, (middle), ventral, ethmoidal} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{nasal cavity - NASAL CONCHAE}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{dorsal nasal concha}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- enlongated, sightly curled scroll} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{ventral nasal concha}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- tightly folded series of scrolls} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- more extensive than {\emph{dorsal nasal concha}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 0)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-neuter\}\} {\bf{mucosal folds}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- rostral to conchae} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{straight fold}} is rostral extension of dorsal concha} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{alar fold}} is rostral extension of ventral concha} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} {\bf{bulbous enlargement}} - divert air and increase evaporation} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} supported by {\bf{alar cartilage}} in horse} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 0)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{ethmoidal conchae}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- series of folding plates} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- caudal part of nasal cavity} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- linked with ethmoid bone} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- extend up into frontal sinuses} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{nasal cavity - NASAL MEATUSES}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{spaces}} between {\emph{roof and floor nasal cavity}}, and {\emph{dorsal and ventral conchae}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{3 meatuses} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- dorsal nasal meatus} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- middle nasal meatus} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- ventral nasal meatus} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{in horse, {\bf{common meatus}} between conchae and septum}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{nasal cavity - ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{INCISIVE DUCTS}} (nasopalatine duct)} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- paired} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- connect oral and nasal cavities} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- nasal opening - floor nasal cavity at canine level} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- oral opening - {\bf{incisive papilla}} - caudal to upper central incisors} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 0)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{VOMERONASAL ORGAN}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- paired blind sacs run caudally from incisive ducts to level P 2-4} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- cartilage support} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-neuter\}\} {\bf{function of ducts}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- epithelium both respiratory and olfactory} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- pheromones and flehmen} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- taste and smell} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 0)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{LATERAL NASAL GLAND}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- serous gland, microscopic (not exist in ox)} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- near nasomaxillary opening; duct opens into middle meatus near end straight fold} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- humidify inhaled air; may aid function for vomeronasal organ} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- humidify nose} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- thermoregulatory support} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 0)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{NASOLACRIMAL DUCT}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- from medial canthus eye into nasal cavity} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- drains eye to prevent weeping; humidify nose and nasal cavity} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- often blocked brachiocephalic breeds} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{in horse - no oral opening}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{nose - PARANASAL SINUSES}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- air-filled spaces inside bones connected to nasal cavity} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- lined by mucoperiosteum} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- named after bones where they lie} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{FUNCTIONS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- lighten skull} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- insulate nervous centers} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- protect eyes, nasal passages and cranial cavity} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- absorb shock} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- amplify voice} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- increase area olfactory membrane} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 0)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{CLASSIFICATION}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- all species: {\bf{frontal and maxillary sinuses}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- vary in size, shape and other sinuses} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- openings into nasal cavity {\bf{narrow}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{→ blocked by mucosal swelling} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{→ prevent drainage} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{paranasal sinuses}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{MAXILLARY SINUS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- largest} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- communicate with middle meatus via nasomaxillary opening} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- some species have diverticula into} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} • hard palate – {\bf{palatine sinus}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} • sphenoid bone – {\bf{sphenoid sinus}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} • medial aspect orbit – {\bf{lacrimal sinus}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} • nasal conchae – {\bf{conchal sinus}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 0)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{FRONTAL SINUS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- opens into {\emph{ethmoidal meatus}} (horse - opens into caudal maxillary sinus)} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{paranasal sinuses - SPECIES}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/ru4052_1686546960_15.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{conducting component - NASAL CAVITY - microanatomy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{both 2 regions have different mucosae} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{RESPIRATORY REGION}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- paranasal sinuses} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- part of dorsal, all ventral conchae} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- lateral, dorsal, ventral nasal wall and part of septum} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{OLFACTORY REGION}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- ethmoturbinates} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- part of dorsal conchae} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- part of nasal septum} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- vomeronasal organ} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{nasal cavity - RESPIRATORY MUCOSA}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{EPITHELIUM}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- ciliated pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- in paranasal sinuses - more cuboidal to squamous, less glands and goblet cells} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{LAMINA PROPRIA and SUBMUCOSA}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- loose connective tissue blends with periosteum, perichondrium} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- leukocytes (eosinophils and lymphocytes)} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- simple branched tubuloacinar mixed nasal glands (less in sinuses)} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- erectile venous plexuses with sphincters} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{nasal cavity - OLFACTORY MUCOSA}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{EPITHELIUM}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- yellowish pigmentation} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- 3 cell types} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} {\bf{sensory (olfactory) cells}} - bipolar neurons, thickness, long, non-motile cilia} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} {\bf{sustentacular (supporting) cells}} - slender, many microvilli (no cilia)} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} {\bf{basal cells}} - spherical} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{nasal cavity - FUNCTIONS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} olfactory} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} respiratory} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- filter (dust, bacteria)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- adjust temperature and humidity} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{conducting component - NASOPHARYNX}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- air from nasal cavity to nasopharynx via {\bf{choanae (internal nares)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\emph{choanae}} separated by vomer and dorsal to palatine bone (hard palate)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- connected to middle ear by {\bf{audiotory (Eustachian) tube}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} cartilaginous through open ventrally} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} keep middle air at surrounding pressure} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} horse: massive paired evagination ventrally, the gutteral pouches}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{conducting component - LARYNX}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{short musculo-cartilaginous tube}} (a bunch of articulating cartilages held together by muscles, ligaments and membranes)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- connects nasopharynx with trachea} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- supported by {\bf{hyoid apparatus}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{larynx - HYOID APPARATUS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{pair bones} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- thyrohyoid bone (articulate with thyroid cartilage)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- basihyoid (unpaired, lie transversely)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- keratohyoid bone} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- epihyoid bone} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- stylohyoid bone} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- tympanohyoid cartilage} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{larynx - FUNCTION}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{respiration}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- maintain air pathway} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- regulate airflow to lungs} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{deglutition}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- prevent aspiration of food, saliva, etc.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} support {\bf{olfaction}} - direct air through nasal passage} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{intrathoracic pressure regulation}} - act as a valve} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{phonation}} - vocal folds} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{larynx - CARTILAGES}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{many articulating cartilages with ligaments and muscles} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{4 main cartilages and 1 minor} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{epiglottis}} (elastic cartilage)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{thyroid}} (hyaline cartilage, 2 lamina and central body, open dorsally)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{cricoid}} (hyaline cartilage, complete ring)} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{arytenoids}} (paired, hyaline cartilage)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} • {\emph{muscular process}} - lateral, crest shaped} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} • {\emph{cuneiform process}} - elastic cartilage, part of epiglottis in horse, absent pig and ruminants (= wedge shaped)} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} • {\emph{corniculate process}} - elastic cartilage, horn shaped, dorsal} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} • {\emph{vocal process}} - attachment vocal ligaments} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{interarytenoid}} (hyaline cartilage, carnivores and pigs)} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{larynx - ARTICULATIONS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{3 articulations} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{cricothyroid}} - simple rotation around transverse axis} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{cricoarytenoid}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} • rotation around transverse and sagittal axes} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-blank\}\} • slide to bring arytenoids closer or further} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{thyrohyoid}} - simple transverse axis} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{larynx - LIGAMENTS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{7 ligaments (intrinsic and extrinsic)} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- cricothyroid} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- cricotracheal} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- vocal} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- transverse arytenoid} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- thyroepiglottic} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- hyoepiglottic} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- vestibular} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{larynx - WALL OF THE LARYNX}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{PAIRED MUCOSAL FOLDS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{vestibular fold}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- from arytenoid to epiglottis} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- enclose cuneiform process, vestibular ligament and ventricular muscle} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- absent in ruminants} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{vocal fold}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- from vocal process of arytenoid to body thyroid} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- more medial than vestibular fold and encloses vocal ligament} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\emph{glottis}} have space between them} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{aryepiglottic fold}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- lateral margin of epiglottis to arytenoid (dog and horse)} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- lateral margin of epiglottis to cricoid (cat)} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- lies dorsal to arytenoid and cricoid (pig and ruminant)} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- forms boundary of laryngeal entrance} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 0)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{LATERAL VENTRICLE (SACCULE)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- deep blind-ending pocket lateral wall larynx} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- only in dog, pig, horse} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- entrance between vocal and vestibular folds (between split vocal ligament in pig)} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 0)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{({\bf{MEDIAN VENTRICLE}}) - pig, horse; base epiglottis} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 0)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{LARYNGEAL MUCOSA}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- stratified squamous epithelium - rostral to vocal folds} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium caudally} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{larynx - ARTICULATIONS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{4 sections} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{ADITUS LARYNGIS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- entrance} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- aryepiglotic fold, epiglottis, corniculate process} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{VESTIBULE}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- from aditus to vocal folds} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- vestibular folds and lateral ventricle} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{RIMA GLOTTIDIS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- vocal folds and vocal process} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{INFRAGLOTTIC CAVITY}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- continuous with trachea} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{larynx - MUSCLES}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-neuter\}\} {\bf{INTRINSIC MUSCLES}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- control movement of cartilages relative to each other} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- close or open glottis by abducting or adducting vocal folds} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- all attach to processes of arytenoids and rotate them to tension vocal folds (except for cricothyroid muscle)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{Abductors - open glottis}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- dorsal cricoid to muscular process of arytenoid} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- abduct ventral edge arytenoid, draw vocal fold ventrally} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 0)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{Abductors - close glottis}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{cricothyroid muscle}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- from lat surface cricoid to lat surface thyroid} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- draw thyroid and cricoid closer → tense vocal folds without abduction} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{lateral cricoarytenoid muscle}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- from lateral rostral border cricoid to muscular process of arytenoid} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- draw vent edge arytenoid ventrally and medially, adducting vocal cords} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{transverse arytenoid muscle}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- from muscular process of arytenoid, passes dorsally to other arytenoid} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- fine tunes other muscles} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{thyroarytenoid muscle}}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- from epiglottis and thyroid (internal midline) to muscular process arytenoid} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{larynx - MUSCLES (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- in dog and horse, divided into ventricularis rostrally and vocalis caudally} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- caudal part associate with vocal ligament to form basis vocal fold} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- adduct arytenoids} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{larynx - MUSCLES}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-neuter\}\} {\bf{EXTRINSIC MUSCLES}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- control movement of larynx relative to whole body} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- connect with hyoid bones, pharynx, sternum} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 0)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{move larynx rostrally}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{thyrohyoid muscle}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-o\}\} • origin: hyoid apparatus} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-o\}\} • insertion: thyroid cartilage} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{hyoepiglottic muscle}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-o\}\} • origin: hyoid apparatus} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-o\}\} • insertion: epiglottis} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- {\bf{geniohyoid muscle}} (with stylohyoid, mylohyoid, stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus)} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-o\}\} • not attach directly to larynx} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-o\}\} • anchor hyoid apparatus rostrally} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- rostral movement - important in swallowing (deglutition)} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{move larynx caudally}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- **sternothyroid muscle (with sternohyoid; omohyoid in horses)} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- important in strenuous exercise} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{larynx - INNERVATION}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{2 nerves, both branches of vagus nerve} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{cranial laryngeal nerve}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- external cranial laryngeal nerve (motor to cricothyroid muscle)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- internal cranial laryngeal nerve} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{caudal laryngeal nerve}} (recurrent larygeal nerve)} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- motor to all intrinsic muscles (except cricothyroid)} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- different paths in LnR sides} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 0)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-neuter\}\} {\bf{damage/degenerate left recurrent laryngeal nerve}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{→ left laryngeal paralysis} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- problem for {\bf{dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle}} (only abductor)} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{→ can't abduct left vocal cord during exercise →} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{→ make noise or 'roaring'} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- graded and surgical correction} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-o\}\} • 'tie-back' operation (prosthetic larygoplasty)} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-o\}\} • nerve grafting using omohyoideus} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-o\}\} • lateral ventriculectomy reduces roaring sound} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{larynx - BLOOD SUPPLY}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{2 arteries} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{cranial thyroid artery}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- from common carotid artery} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{cranial larygeal artery}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- either from common carotid artery or external carotid artery} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{conducting component - TRACHEA}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-neuter\}\} from larynx to principal bronchi} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-neuter\}\} non-collapsible, supported by cartilage} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-neuter\}\} 2 parts} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{cervical}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- two third of esophagus (upper part) located dorsal to trachea, one third of esophagus (lower part) shifts to left side caudal} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- go along with many nerves and vessels} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{thoracic}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- dorsal to cranial vena cava} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- divide into 2 branches to base heart at 4th-6th inter costal space} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{trachea - STRUCTURE}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{tracheal cartilages}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- hyaline} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- C-shape, open dorsally} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{annular ligaments}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- fibro- elastic connections between cartilages} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{trachealis muscle}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- dorsal aspect (gap in rings)} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- smooth} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- external to ring carnivores; internal others} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{trachea - MICROANATOMY}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{mucosa}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- lamina propria of loose, vascular connective tissue} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- longitudinal folds} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{submucosa}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- seromucous tracheal glands} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{musculo-cartilaginous layer}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{adventitia}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{trachea - ROLE}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} rigid tube for {\bf{air passes through}} (can collapse cause pathology)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{flexible and extensible}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- flexible cartilage; incomplete cartilage rings} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- longitudinal mucosa fold; elastic tissue in submucosa} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{trap and remove fine particles}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RESPIRATORY COMPONENT}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{lungs}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{pleura}} - thin membrane corver lungs and lining thoracic cavity} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} in {\emph{thoracic cavity}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- thoracic inlet} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- thoracic wall} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- diaphragm} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{different to {\emph{thoracic cage}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{respiratory component - PLEURA}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{serous membrane}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- serous layer} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-o\}\} • simple squamous epithelium} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-o\}\} • thin lamina propria} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{serous fluid/exudate}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- lubrication} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} lines thoracic cavity, form {\bf{pleural sacs}} (R \textgreater{} L)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- come together medially, form {\bf{mẹdiastinum}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- push medially, bound by connective tissue} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- contain trachea, oesophagus, heart, vessels, etc.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{pleural cavity}} in each sac} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 0)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} lungs bud from trachea, push out into pleura → enveloped by {\bf{pulmonary visceral pleura}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} form walls of pleural sacs ({\bf{parietal pleura}})} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- costal pleura} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- diaphragmatic pleura} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- mediastinal pleura} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} lungs expand to fill pleural cavities} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{pleural space}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- narrow space between visceral pleura and parietal pleura} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- contains {\emph{pleural fluid}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{visceral pleura}} - cover lungs \newline {\bf{parietal pleura}} - line pleural cavity}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{pleura - FUNCTION PLEURAL SPACE AND FLUID}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} make lungs stick to inside of thoracic cavity} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- slight vacuum in pleural space} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- inborn surface tension of fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} seal → avoid thoracic wall movement during lung expansion} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} lubrication for lung movement against inside thoracic wall} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{pleura - MEDIASTINUM}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{partition}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- 2 serous membranes} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- connective tissue} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} contains all thoracic structures (except lungs, caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} 3 parts} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- cranial mediastinum (pre-cardiac)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- middle mediastinum (cardiac)} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- caudal mediastinum (post-cardiac)} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{conducting component - NASAL CAVITY - microanatomy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{both 2 regions have different mucosae} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{RESPIRATORY REGION}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- part of dorsal, all ventral conchae} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{conducting component - NASAL CAVITY - microanatomy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-play\}\} {\bf{CLASSIFICATION}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}