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% Document Info
\author{rhettbro}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (water-ph-buffer.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (rhettbro)
  /Subject (Water,pH,Buffer Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Water,pH,Buffer Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{rhettbro} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/133961/cs/27499/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}rhettbro \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/rhettbro} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 12th April, 2021.\\
   Updated 14th April, 2021.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.43873 cm} x{2.53827 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Water}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{the solvent for virtually all of biochemistry, \textasciitilde{}70\% of the mass within each cell is water} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Carbon}} has {\bf{four electrons}} in the {\bf{outer shell}} - these hybridise into 4 sp\textasciicircum{}3\textasciicircum{} hybrid orbitals as tetrahedron. If symmetrical, the angle is {\bf{109.28 degrees}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{WATER AS A SOLVENT ({\bf{substances}} such as household sugar {\bf{dissolve in water}}, means that their molecules {\bf{separate}} from each other, each becoming {\bf{surrounded}} by water molecules.)} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{When a substance dissolves in a liquid, the mixture is termed a {\bf{solution}}.} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The dissolved substance is the {\bf{solute}}, and the liquid that does the dissolving is the {\bf{solvent}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Water is an excellent solvent for many substances}} because of its {\bf{polar bonds}}.} \tn 
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% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Covalent bond & {\bf{Inside a molecule}} \tn 
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% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Hydrogen bond & {\bf{between molecules}} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Polar bonds (H2O) & {\bf{uneven charge}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Non-polar bonds (O2) & {\bf{even charge}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Henderson-Hasselbalch equation}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/rhettbro_1618207744_Screenshot 2021-04-12 at 2.08.31 PM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{pH (potential hydrogen)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{acidity of a solution}} is defined by the {\bf{concentration of H+ ions}} it possesses.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
pH scale & {\bf{pH = -log`10`{[}H\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{}{]}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
pure water pH (7) & {\bf{{[}H\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{}{]} = 10\textasciicircum{}-7\textasciicircum{}}} moles/liter \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{acids}} & substance, {\bf{proton (H\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{}) donors}} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{bases}} & substance, {\bf{proton acceptors (such as OH\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{})}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Water can act as both a weak acid and a weak base.} \tn 
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% Row 6
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Acids in an aqueous environment & proton moves from one molecule to the other \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{pH is a measure of {\bf{acidity (\textless{}7) }}or {\bf{alkalinity (\textgreater{}7).}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 8
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{\bf{Higher amounts}} of protons in a solution & results in a lower pH (acidic) \tn 
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{\bf{Lower amount }}of protons & results in a higher pH (basic, or alkali) \tn 
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% Row 10
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Different Enzymes}} have different {\bf{optimal pH}} according to their environment.} \tn 
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% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{strength of an acid}} is measured by its {\bf{dissociation constant, Ka.}} The {\bf{larger}} the {\bf{Ka}} the more it {\bf{dissociates}} and the {\bf{stronger the acid}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{pH}} of a solution of a {\bf{weak acid}} and {\bf{its conjugate base}} is related to the {\bf{concentration of the acid and base}} and the {\bf{pKa}} by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{pH (potential hydrogen) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 13
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{When {\bf{ph \textless{} pKa}}, the {\bf{weak acid predominates}}. When {\bf{pH \textgreater{} pKa}}, the {\bf{conjugate base predominates}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Buffers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A solution which pH {\bf{resists}} change upon addition of either small amounts of strong acid or strong base are added.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{(consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base)}}} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{BUFFER CAPACITY - is related to the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base,} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The greater the concentration of the weak acid and its conjugate base, the greater the buffer capacity.} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{H`2`PO`4-` / HPO`4`\textasciicircum{}2-\textasciicircum{} is the principal buffer in cells, H`2`CO`3` / HCO\textasciicircum{}3-\textasciicircum{} is an important buffer in blood.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Buffers work because the concentration of the weak acid and base are kept in the narrow window of the titration curve.} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Biological Buffer Systems}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Maintenance of intracellular pH is vital to all cells:} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions have optimal pH,} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. Solubility of polar molecules depends on H-bond donors and acceptors,} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3. Equilibrium between CO2 gas and dissolved HCO3- depends on pH.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Buffer systems in vivo are mainly based on:} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Phosphate, concentration in millimolar range,} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. Bicarbonate, important for blood plasma,} \tn 
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% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3. Histidine, efficient buffer at neutral pH.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Buffer systems in vitro are often based on sulfonic acids of cyclic amines:} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{HEPES, PIPES, CHES.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}