\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Reyheart01} \pdfinfo{ /Title (english-grammar.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Reyheart01) /Subject (English Grammar Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{0DBA9D} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{EFFAF8} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{English Grammar Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Reyheart01} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/144519/cs/31037/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Reyheart01 \\ \uline{cheatography.com/reyheart01} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 28th March, 2022.\\ Updated 28th March, 2022.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Past Tenses}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Simple Past:}} the event is in the past, the event is completely finished, we say (or understand) the time and/or place of the event. If we say the time or place of the event we must use the simple past tense; we cannot use the present perfect.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Past Continuous:}} Expresses an action at a particular moment in the past. The event can be short or long. The action has started before that moment but has not finished at that moment. Also when we describe the background situation in stories.} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Past perfect:}} Expresses an action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past.} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Past Perfect continuous:}} It's like the past perfect tense, but it expresses longer actions in the past before another action in the past. {\emph{Ex: when I arrived, Ram had been waiting for 2 hours.}}} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Present tenses}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Simple present:}} We use the simple present tense when: the action is general the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future the action is not only happening now the statement is always true.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Present continuous:}} We use the present continuous tense to talk about: action happening now action in the future Present continuous tense for action happening now a) for action happening exactly now I am eating my lunch. past present future The action is happening now. {\emph{Look at these examples. Right now you are looking at this screen and at the same time... ...the pages are turning. ...the candle is burning. ...the numbers are spinning.}} b) for action happening around now The action may not be happening exactly now, but it is happening just before and just after now, and it is not permanent or habitual. We can also use the present continuous tense to talk about the future—if we add a future word (tomorrow, next year,...)! We only use the present continuous tense to talk about the future when we have planned to do something before we speak. We have already made a decision and a plan before speaking.} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 19) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Present perfect:}} There is always a connection with the past and with the present. There are basically three uses for the present perfect tense: experience change continuing situation For experience: We often use the present perfect tense to talk about experience from the past. We are not interested in when you did something. We only want to know if you did it. Connection with past: the event was in the past. Connection with present: in my head, now, I have a memory of the event; I know something about the event; I have experience of it. For change: We also use the present perfect tense to talk about a change or new information {\emph{("I have bought a car" = last week I didn't have a car).}} For continuing: We often use the present perfect tense to talk about a continuing situation. This is a state that started in the past and continues in the present (and will probably continue into the future). This is a state (not an action). We usually usefor or since with this structure. Connection with past:. the situation started in the past Connection with present:.the situation continues in the present. For \& Since with Present Perfect Tense We often use for and since with the present perfect tense. We use for to talk about a period of time—5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years. We use since to talk about a point in past time—9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday.} \tn % Row Count 52 (+ 28) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Present tenses (cont)}} \tn % Row 3 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Present Perfect Continuous:}} There is usually a connection with the present or now. There are basically two uses for the present perfect continuous tense: {\bf{1}} to talk about a recent activity when the effects of that activity can still be seen; {\bf{2}} to emphasise how long an action has been going on for, or that it has been repeated many times. {\emph{Ex: 1) A: Why are you crying? B: I have been chopping onions. 2) I've been trying to get through to Max all morning but he doesn't have his phone switched on.}}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 11) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Future tenses}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Simple future:}} Used when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Future continuous:}} Expresses an action at a particular moment in the future. The action will start before that moment but it will not have finished at that moment. {\emph{Ex: I will be playing tennis at 10am tomorrow (I will start to play at 9 am and finish at 11 am).}}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 6) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Future perfect:}} Expresses an action in the future before another action in the future. This is the past in the future. {\emph{Ex: the train will leave the station at 9am. You will arrive at the station at 9.15 am. When you arrive, the train will have left.}}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 6) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Future perfect continuous:}} we use it to talk about a long action before some point in the future. {\emph{Ex: I will have been working here for 10 years next week.}}} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}