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\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{resaraj}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (ionic-bond.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (resaraj)
  /Subject (Ionic Bond Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Ionic Bond Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{resaraj} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/209482/cs/45045/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}resaraj \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/resaraj} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 20th November, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DEFINITION}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Ionic bonding occurs between a metal and a non metal ion with the electrostatic attraction between the ions. The electron will leave the low electronegative metal and move to the high electronegative non-metal.% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Characteristics}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{electrons placed inside the atoms} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{strong electrostatic bonds} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{no directional preference} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{high melting and boiling points} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{soluble in polar solvents (water, alcohols, ...)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{WHY?}} \newline {\emph{BECAUSE OF LATTICE ENERGY}} \newline it is the enthalpy of formation of the ionic compound from gaseous ions, the measurement of the bonds' strength}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Type of ionic interactions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{electrostatic (main intercation)} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{repulsive (between the electrons)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{repulsive (between the nuclei)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Formulae}}  \tn
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Formulae}}  \tn
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Born-Landé equation}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/resaraj_1731949337_Captura de pantalla 2024-11-18 180201.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Born-Haber Cycle}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Lattice energy cannot be easily obtained experimentally & Thus , we apply the Hess Law to realize indirect calculations \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{standard enthalpy of formation}} & ΔHf \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{enthalpy of sublimation}} & ΔHs=S \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{enthalpy of dissociation}} & ΔHd=D \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ionization energy (take an electron)}} & ΔHi=I \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{electron affinity (add an electron)}} & ΔHEA=EA \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Born-Haber Cycle}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/resaraj_1731950003_Captura de pantalla 2024-11-18 181251.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ionic Liquids (IL)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Salts in liquid state at room temperature made of ions & Possible when the ionic charges aren't too high and the distance is large enough \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Useful properties}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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-non volatile & -remain in liquid state up to 400ºC \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
-non flammable & -good solvents for reactions \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-reduced volume & -easy reuse \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ionic Conductors (Superconductors)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
They are solid state ion conductors used primarly in solid oxide fuel cells. & They conduct electricity due to the movementof the ions through the voids. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{An example would be yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.6 cm} x{4.4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ionic Solids}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Physical behaviour}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
-HARD(NESS) & related with the attractive cohesion force in the ionic structure. This property is related with the absolute value of the lattice energy (dir4ectly to the charge of ions, inversely to their size) \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 9)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-RIGID & strog attractive forces hold ions in specific positions \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
-BRITTLE & when enough dorce is applied, ions of similar charge are brought next to eachother, and repulsions between them crack the sample \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
-solid state & insulators (the valence electrons aren't mobile and the ions are in fixed positions)) \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-when molten & electricity conductor (ions are mobile) \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
-when dissolved in polar solvents & electricity conductor (ions are mobile) \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{SOLUBILITY}}} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{ΔHsolution=-U+ΔHsolvation} & the higher the lattice energy of a salt, the less soluble it is \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.6 cm} x{4.4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ionic Solids (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{MELTING AND BOILING POINTS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
-high melting point & freeing ions from their positions require large amount of energy \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-much higher boiling points & (the higher U is, the higher its boiling/melting point is) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}