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  /Title (labour-laws.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (rentasticco)
  /Subject (Labour Laws Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Labour Laws Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{rentasticco} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/177906/cs/48261/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}rentasticco \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/rentasticco} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 6th July, 2026.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{History and Evolution of Labour Laws}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Labour law regulates the employer–employee relationship.} \tn 
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Modern view (Philadelphia Charter 1944): & "Labour is not a commodity" \tn 
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W. Friedmann & "poverty anywhere is a danger to prosperity everywhere" \tn 
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 & employer owes a "social duty" \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.3731 cm} x{1.64772 cm} x{1.55618 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{History and Evolution of Labour Laws}}  \tn
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{\bf{Phase}} & {\bf{Examples}} & {\bf{Nature}} \tn 
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Early repressive \seqsplit{(colonial/feudal)} & England: Statute of Labourers 1351 (capped wages, demanding more = offence); Combination Acts 1799/1800 (banned worker \seqsplit{combinations).} {\bf{India}}: Tea District Emigrant Labour Act 1832, Workmen's Breach of Contract Act 1859 (desertion = crime), Assam Labour Emigration Acts 1863–1901 & Served employers; forced labour supply \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 21)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
First protective factory law & Health \& Morals of Apprentices Act 1802 (England) — world's first factory legislation & Protect \seqsplit{children/women} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
India's first & Factory Act 1881 (from Lancashire lobby pressure vs cheap Indian textile labour; worker benefit incidental) & Colonial \seqsplit{self-interest} \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 8)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{History and Evolution of Labour Laws (cont)}}  \tn
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Modern & Progressive laws \seqsplit{post-Independence} rooted in social justice & Welfare state \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Labour laws = "the natural children of the Industrial Revolution."}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Important Dates}}  \tn
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November 26, 1949 & Constitution of India adopted \tn 
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January 26, 1950 & Constitution came into force, celebrated as Republic Day. \tn 
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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Principles of Labour Legislation}}  \tn
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Frank \seqsplit{Tillyard:} & two aspects — protective \& regulative &  \tn 
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R.K. Das (1937): & four principles — (1) Social Justice, (2) Social Welfare, (3) National Economy, (4) International Solidarity. &  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Standard 7-principle classification}}} \tn 
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{\bf{Principle}} & {\bf{Meaning}} & {\bf{Example Indian laws}} \tn 
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\seqsplit{Protection} & Protect workers who can't protect themselves against industrial hazards, long hours, low wages, child/women exploitation & Factories 1948; Mines 1952; Plantation Labour 1951; Child Labour 1986; Contract Labour 1970; Payment of Wages 1936; Minimum Wages 1948 \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 9)
% Row 5
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Social Justice & Remove discrimination against disadvantaged groups (bonded, migrant, women, caste) & Equal Remuneration 1976; Bonded Labour Abolition 1976; Indian Slavery Act 1843; Contract Labour 1970 \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 7)
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Principles of Labour Legislation (cont)}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{Regulation} & Balance power between employers \& \seqsplit{workers/unions;} regulate IR, strikes, disputes & Trade Unions 1926; ID Act 1947; Standing Orders 1946 \tn 
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Welfare & Provide basic amenities to workers \& families beyond statutory minimum & Welfare Fund Acts (Mica, Beedi, Iron/Manganese Ore); Dock Workers 1986; welfare provisions in \seqsplit{Factories/Mines/Plantation} Acts \tn 
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Social Security & Income security against contingencies (sickness, injury, old age, death, maternity) — via social insurance (contributory) \& social assistance \seqsplit{(non-contributory)} & \seqsplit{Workmen's/Employees'} Comp 1923; ESI 1948; EPF 1952; Maternity Benefit 1961 \tn 
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Economic \seqsplit{Development} & Laws that aid industrial peace \& productivity & IR laws, social security, hours regulation \tn 
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% Row 10
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\seqsplit{International} \seqsplit{Obligation} & Give effect to ILO \seqsplit{Conventions/Recommendations} & Laws implementing ratified ILO Conventions \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Constituent Assembly}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The Constituent Assembly was initially composed of 389 members.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{292 members were elected through the Provincial Legislative Assemblies, 93 represented the Indian Princely States, and 4 represented the Chief Commissioners' Provinces.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Members were chosen by indirect election as per the Cabinet Mission's recommendations.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The Assembly's membership was subsequently reduced to 299 post partition.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Inaugural Session}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{he Constituent Assembly held its first session on December 9, 1946, in the Constitution Hall of Parliament House, now known as Samvidhan Sadan.} \tn 
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% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha presided as the interim President during this inaugural meeting.} \tn 
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% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{On December 11, 1946, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was appointed as the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Drafting Committee}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The Drafting Committee, chaired by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, was the most important committee of the Constituent Assembly.} \tn 
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% Row 11
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Dr. B. R. Ambedkar introduced the final draft of the Constitution to the Assembly on November 04, 1948, for the first reading.} \tn 
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% Row 12
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The Assembly held a general discussion on the draft for five days, concluding on November 09, 1948.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Finalized Document}}} \tn 
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\vfill
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{History and Evolution of Labour Laws (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The final Constitution included 395 articles, divided into 22 parts and 8 Schedules.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{At the time of its adoption, it was the world's lengthiest written Constitution.} \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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