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\author{rbid\_1975}
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  /Title (adolescent-psychology.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (rbid\_1975)
  /Subject (Adolescent Psychology Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Adolescent Psychology Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{rbid\_1975} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/195726/cs/41331/}}}
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  \vspace{-2pt}rbid\_1975 \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 16th November, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Family and Dynamic System}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Families form complex social systems} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Each family member affects others and their relationships} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Significant changes create imbalance or disequilibrium} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Breakdown of old patterns and new patterns emerge} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Even minor events can have major consequences} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Extended families can play a role, particularly in cultural minority and single-parent families} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Some adolescents create and identify with "chosen" families} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Parenting Dimension \& Style}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ETHNIC AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN PARENTING}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ethnic minority parents have a tendency to stress obedience} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Some demonstrate harsh discipline with little or no explanations} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Recently a fifth parenting style has been identified} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Traditional parenting: strict authority and warmth, Most common parenting style outside of North America and Europe • Stress role of customs and traditions for guiding behaviour • Prioritize an individual's obligation to community rather than individual needs} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Positive effects of authoritative parenting have also been found in adolescents who identify as ethnic minorities} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Challenges of Visiting Incarcerated Parents}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Prison Design and Protocol \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
 Traumatic security procedures \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
 Unsuitable meeting conditions \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
 Lack of physical contact during visit \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
 Lack of privacy \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
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 Emotional reaction of parent \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
 Experience separation anxiety after visit \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
 Increased aggression and anxiety following visits% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Protective Factors Youth with Incarcerated Parents}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Awareness of parent's incarceration \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
 Attachment security with caregivers and \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
incarcerated parents \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
 Consistent contact with incarcerated parents \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
 Access to peer support and community \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
resources \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
 Opportunities for mentorship and academic \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
support% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mothers in prison are more likely to: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
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 Have serious mental health issues \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
 Be socially and economically disadvantaged compared to fathers in prison \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
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residences \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
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 Some suggest maternal incarceration has a higher risk for internalizing \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
symptoms whereas, paternal incarceration has a higher risk for delinquent \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
behaviours. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
 Gender specific effects have also been found% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mothers in prison are more likely to: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
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 Have serious mental health issues \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
 Be socially and economically disadvantaged compared to fathers in prison \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
 Maternal incarceration more often results in changes in caretakers and \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
residences \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
 Children of women in prison are more likely placed in foster care \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
 Some suggest maternal incarceration has a higher risk for internalizing \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
symptoms whereas, paternal incarceration has a higher risk for delinquent \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
behaviours. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
 Gender specific effects have also been found% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sibling Abuse}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Sibling abuse is the most common form of domestic violence} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Researchers suggest it may be the greatest unrecognized form of abuse that affects children and adolescents} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Physical abuse has been the most common reported form} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Experiencing sibling abuse has been associated with an increased risk of: • Clinical anxiety • Clinical depression • Self-harm behaviours} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Behavioural Genetics Research in Families}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Types of genotype-environment correlations (GECs} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Passive: parents create environments associated with their traits which are similar to their child's traits} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Evocative: child's traits evoke particular responses in others} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Active: child seeks settings that align with their traits} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Behavioural genetics focuses examining the influence of genes and \newline environment by studying families \newline •Twin studies and adoptive studies \newline • Assess effects of nature and nurture \newline • Impact of shared and nonshared environmental influences}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Autonomy in Families}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Emotional & Behavioural \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Development of internal sources of emotional strength and security & Ability to make one's own decisions \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
No longer as dependent on parents for comfort and reassurance & Take responsibility for consequences \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Able to see that parents have own needs & Everyday actions and larger decisions \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Autonomy – ability to act independent and a willingness to take responsibility for one's actions}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Control in Families}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Psychological & Behavioural \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Attempt at controlling adolescents by manipulating thoughts, feelings and attachment & Rules, restrictions, and limits parents place on their adolescent's activities \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Intrusive form of control & Focus on guiding and controlling behaviour \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
E.g., inducing guilt and withdrawing love as form of punishment & Uses structure and tracking to monitor behaviour \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Linked to anxiety and depression & Linked to less delinquency, drug, and alcohol use \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Feedback Loops in Families}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Families are constantly adapting, changing, or responding to situations • Daily events • Long-term developmental challenges and changes} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Families tend to strive for a sense of balance} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Feedback loops is used to describe the patterns of interaction and communication} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{They either cause change or maintain patterns in families – both positively and negatively} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Communication, responses, and interactions are adaptive and impacted by other family member's behaviours} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Positive/Negative Feedback Loop}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Increase or decrease of behaviour in one family member results in a change of response in another family member in the same direction} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Each family member's response tends to amplify the other members' response} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Creates a continuous loop} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Changes stability in family system} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Can facilitate changes towards growth or dissolution} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Negative Feedback Loop \newline • Change in behaviour in one family member results in a change in another family \newline member's response in the opposite direction \newline • Maintains stability, balance, and consistency in the family system while minimizing \newline change}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Role of Siblings in Adolescence}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Siblings as models, teachers, partners, critics} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{•Complementary roles- Older and younger siblings} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Reciprocal roles- Mutual and equal support} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Deidentification- Defining oneself as different from siblings} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Sibling collusion- Coalitions that promote deviance} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Effects of ACEs across the Lifespan}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Collaborative Approach to Building Resilience}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{KIP Canada's Approaches to Support \newline 1. Anti-Oppressive \newline 2. Trauma-Informed \newline 3. Strengths-Based Approach \newline 4. Youth-Centred \newline  Youth Advisory Committee}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Benefits of Visiting Incarcerated Parents}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Allows parents and children to maintain their existing relationship \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
 Provides an opportunity for children to express emotions \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
 Allows parents to work out their feelings about separation and loss and help children work out their \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 3)
issues \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
 Allows for children to see that their parent is alive \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
 Reduces fears about prison conditions \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
 Reduces children`s feelings of abandonment \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
 Associated with lowered recidivism rates% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Risk Factors}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/rbid-1975_1700149605_Screen Shot 2023-11-16 at 10.46.29 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Youth \& Young Adults}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Experience anger at parent and anger at system \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
 Isolation and stigma \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
 Feel ashamed, sad, loss, loneliness , guilt \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
 Avoidance and denial \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
 Early emancipation and role reversal \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
 Practical and emotional caretaking \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
 Rationalize parental behaviour as necessary \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
 Use of maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., drug use) \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
 Negative impact on academic performance% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DIVERSE FAMILY DYNAMICS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Lone-parent families} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Foster and Adoptive families} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Multi-generational families} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Transnational and military families} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Remarriage and Stepfamilies} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Dual-earner families} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Same-gender families} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Impact of Pre-Trial \& Trial}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Changes to daily routines \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
 Management of explanation for parent's absence \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
 Slow court procedures often result in prolonged parental deprivation \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
without resolution \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
 Children worry about well-being of parent and outcome of trial \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
 Financial pressures due to loss of jobs and legal fees \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
 Difficulty maintaining contact% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Emotional Impact}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Every child and situation are unique, \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
many children report experiencing these \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
emotions following parental incarceration: \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
 Sadness \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
 Fear \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
 Angry \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
 Anxiety \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
 Rejected \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
 Abandoned \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
 Relief \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
 Shame and guilt% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Short Term Impact: Arrest Phase}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1 in 5 children are present at time of arrest} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Over 50\% of children who witness arrest are under 7 years old} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Children often experience post-traumatic stress and its common co-occurring \newline symptoms (Phillips \& Zhao, 2010) \newline  Nightmares and flashbacks \newline  Sleep disturbances \newline  Developmental regression \newline  Depression}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Experiences of Parental Incarceration}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Greater number of children have a parent in jail compared to prison} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{More children experience paternal incarceration compared to maternal incarceration} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Majority of children experience multiple separations from an incarcerated parent} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Most children and guardians report having contact with parents prior to incarceration} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ambiguous loss and grief, shame and stigma, family secrecy, and isolation have been reported by children separated from an incarcerated parent} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Paternal incarceration has been associated with food insecurity} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stages of Impact \newline Arrest- Pre-Trial-Detention -Incarceration -Release}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Research on Outcomes}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Parental incarceration has been associated with several adverse \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
outcomes. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
 Internalizing symptoms (Murray \& Farrington, 2008) \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
 Developmental regression (Murray, 2005) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
 Externalizing behaviours and conduct disorders (Aaron \& Dallaire, 2010) \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
 Substance use and gang involvement (Midgley \& Lo, 2013) \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
 Poor academic achievement, school truancy, dropping out of \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
school (Cho, 2009) \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
 Long-term poor mental health (Parke \& Clarke-Stewart, 2001) \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
 Becoming incarcerated as a youth and adult% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Intergenerational Trauma and Oppression}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Intergenerational trauma and oppression have been found in families affected by the justice system} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Incarcerated parents report histories of: Emotional, physical, \& sexual abuse; Personal \& familial struggles with mental health and substance use  Lived experiences of parental criminality and incarceration  Involvement with child protection services  Poverty  Surviving residential schools} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Adverse childhood experiences, loss, oppression, and intergenerational trauma are particularly common among Indigenous families} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Attachment Theory \& Ambiguous Loss}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Emphasized the importance of early interactions and the bond formed between parent and infant} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Early relationships influence the development of subsequent close relationships, wellbeing, and coping behaviours} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Disruptions in parent-child relationship such as prolonged separation can result in an insecure attachment which has been associated with a myriad of adverse outcomes} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Uncertainty and ambiguity associated with the loss of an incarcerated parent has been identified as a form of ambiguous loss (Bocknek et al., 2008)} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Many children experience complex trauma and grieve the loss of their parent (Knudsen, 2016)} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES \& APPROACHES}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/rbid-1975_1700148504_Screen Shot 2023-11-16 at 10.27.12 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Effects of Divorce on Adolescents}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/rbid-1975_1700148409_Screen Shot 2023-11-16 at 10.26.29 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Divorce increasingly widespread in Canada \newline •Negative effects of divorce on teens \newline •Increased substance use, depression, romantic difficulty \newline •Early sexual activity; lower achievement \newline •Most teens make healthy adjustment with time \newline •Problems often show up before divorce}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Impact of ACEs on Adolescents}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Depressed mood • Anxiety • Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms • Risk-taking behavior • Lower academic achievement • Early pregnancy • Eating disorders • Substance use • Suicide attempts} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}