\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{ralema56}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (linux-commands.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (ralema56)
  /Subject (Linux Commands Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
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\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
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\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
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\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
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\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{4774A1}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F6F9}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Linux Commands Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{ralema56} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/78049/cs/19072/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}ralema56 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ralema56} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 15th March, 2019.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quick basic commands}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
cd (Example: cd Desktop) & change directory, case sensitive \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
cd & home directory \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
. & this directory \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
cd .. & go up one directory \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
cd - & change dir to previous working dir \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
pwd & print working directory \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ls & list contents, -a all, -h human readable \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
ll & LL list directories with RW permissions \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
la & LA list all including hidden \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
sudo & super user privileges \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
mkdir \textless{}dirname\textgreater{} \textless{}dirname2\textgreater{} & create directories \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
cp  \textless{}path and locations\textgreater{} . & copy contents to current directory, cp by itself will overwrite files silently \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
mv \textless{}item1\textgreater{} \textless{}item2\textgreater{} directory & move file(s) to location \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
rm -i \textless{}item\textgreater{} & delete file, -i interactive confirmation \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
alias & lists alias commands \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
alert \textless{}"message"\textgreater{} & sends a message to notifications \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textgreater{} emptyDOC.txt & make an empty text file \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quick basic commands (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textgreater{} & standard out to .txt (will overwrite) \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\textgreater{}\textgreater{} & append standard out .txt will (not overwrite) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ls -la /usr/bin \textgreater{} ls-output.txt & will print the directory contents to a text file \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\&\textgreater{} & will include output and errors \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{apt}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
apt list & | grep Type a word to highlight in red \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
apt search & | grep searchword \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
apt install & app name \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
apt remove & app name \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{apt update} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{apt upgrade} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.74655 cm} x{4.23045 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Permissions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
id & Display user idenity \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
chmod & Change a files mode \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
umask & Set the default file permissions \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
su & Run a shell as another user \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sudo & Execute a command as another user \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
chown & Change a file's owner \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
chgrp & Change a file's group ownership \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{passwd} & Change a user's password \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.74655 cm} x{4.23045 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reading, Writing, Executing -rw-r-{}-r-{}-}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Example} & -rw-r-{}-r-{}- \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
- & col1. Regular file \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
d & col1. Directory \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
l & col1. A symbolic link. Dummy values. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
c & col1. A charcater special file. Modem \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
b & col1. A block special file. Ex. CD, HDD. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
r & Read only \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
w & Write \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
x & Executable \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{iptables (firewall)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
iptables -h & list commands \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
-{}-list & list the rule in a chain or all chains \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-{}-verbose or -v & details \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
-{}-line-numbers & print line numbers when listing \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-{}-version or -V & version number \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
-{}-list-rules or -S & list rules \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-{}-numeric or -n & numeric output of addresses and ports \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Permission Attribute Examples}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-rwx-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}- & read, write, execute by file's owner only \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
-rw-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}- & read and write by owner only \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-rw-r-{}-r-{}- & read and write owner, read group, read world \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{-rwxr-xr-x} & read, write, execute owner. read and execute everyone else. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{lrwxrwxrwx} & A symbolic link with dummy permissions \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
drwxr-x-{}-{}- & Directory. read, write, execute owner. Read and execute group. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.24425 cm} x{3.73275 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Changing passwords}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
passwd {[}user{]} & with sudo you can change a user password \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
passwd & change your password \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{chown}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
chown {[}owner{]}{[}:{[}group{]}{]} file.. & syntax use \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
bob & change ownership from current to bob \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
bob:users & change file ownership to bob and group to users \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
:admins & change group owner to admins, the owner is unchanged \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
bob: & change the current owner to bob and change the group to the login group for bob \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.89586 cm} x{4.08114 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{text editors}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
gedit & GUI (installed in Ubuntu) \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
kedit & KDE default \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
kate & sudo apt install kate \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
nano & command line based (installed in Ubuntu) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
vi or vim & vi IMproved (installed in Ubuntu) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
emacs & sudo apt install emacs-gtk \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{text editing basics}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
make a backup before editing & cp \textless{}filename\textgreater{} \textless{}filename.bak\textgreater{} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
nano \textless{}filename\textgreater{} & load a text in nano \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.29402 cm} x{3.68298 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{nano text editor}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textasciicircum{}X & to quit nano, \textasciicircum{} mean CTRL \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\textasciicircum{}O CTRL-O & save the file \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{vi or vim text editor}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
vi & start vim \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
vi newdoc.txt & create a blank text doc in vi from command line \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
:q & quit \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
:q! & quit without saving \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
vi starts in command mode & press i to go to insert text mode \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
press ESC to exit insert mode & exit insert mode with ESC \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
:w & save the file, or write to file \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{double tap ESC if you don't know where you are in vi} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Navigating Command Mode}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
H or left arrow & left one character \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
J or down arrow & down one line \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
K or up arrow & up one line \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
L or right arrow & right one character \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
0 (zero) & go to the beginning of the current line \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
SHIFT-6 (\textasciicircum{}) & to the first non whitespace character on the current line \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
SHIFT-4 (\$) & to the end on the current line \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
W & to the beginning of the next word, or punctuation characters \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
SHIFT-W (W) & to the beginning of the next word, ignore punctuation characters \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{vi or vim text editor (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
B & to the beginning of the previous word or character \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
SHIFT B (B) & to the beginning of the previous word or character, ignoring punctuation \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
CTRL-F or page down & down on page \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
CTRL-B or page up & up one page \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
number-SHIFT-G & to the line number, example 1G moves to the first line of the file \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
SHIFT-G & to the last line of the file \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Cutting, Copying, Pasting Text}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{DELETE TEXT aka CUT TEXT}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
x & delete the current character \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
3x & delete the current character and the 2 after it \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
dd & delete the current line \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
5dd & delete the current line and the next 4 lines \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
dW & delete from the current cursor position to the beginning of the next word \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{vi or vim text editor (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
d\$ & delete from the current cursor position to the end of the line \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
d0 & delete from the current cursor position to the beginning of the line \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
d\textasciicircum{} & delete from the  current cursor location to the first non whitespace character line \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
dG & from the current line to the end of the file \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
d20g & from the current line to the 20th line of the file \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{COPYING}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
yy & y stands for yank which is copy, yy copies the current line \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{white}
5yy & copies the current line and the next 4 lines \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
yW & from the cursor location to the beginning of the next word \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{white}
y\$ & from the cursor location to the end of the current line \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{vi or vim text editor (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
y0 & from the current cursor location to the beginning of the line \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{white}
y\textasciicircum{} & from the current cursor location to the first non whitespace character in line \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
yG & from the current line to the end of the file \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{white}
y20G & from the current line to the 20th line of the file \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{PASTING}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 46
\SetRowColor{white}
p & pastes the current copied text below the current line \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 47
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
P & pastes the copied text above the current line \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 48
\SetRowColor{white}
Join lines & J \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 49
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
vi has the ability to do search and replace & maybe I will add a cheat sheet for this later \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 50
\SetRowColor{white}
/searchtext & searches vi \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 51
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
:\%s/Line/line/g & will search and replace Line with line globally \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 52
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{EDIT MULTIPLE FILES}}} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{vi or vim text editor (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 53
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{vi file1 file2 file3} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 54
\SetRowColor{white}
:n & switch to the next file \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 55
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
:N & switch to the previous file \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 56
\SetRowColor{white}
:buffers & lists open files \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 57
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
:buffers 2 & switch to buffer file 2 \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 58
\SetRowColor{white}
:e & open another file from vi. example :e filename.txt \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 59
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
:r & copy an entire file to the vi session. example :r myfile.txt \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Networking commands}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ping & send en ICMP echo request to network hosts \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{traceroute} & print the route packets trace to a network host \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
netstat & print the network connections, routing tables, interface stats, masquerade connections, and multi cast memberships \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
ftp & file transfer program \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
lftp & an improved ftp \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
wget & non interactive network downloader \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ssh & openSSH SSH client (remote login) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
scp & secure copy (remote copy program) \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sftp & secure ftp \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Technical commands}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
cat (brings files together, uses input) & CTRL-D to quit, tell cat EOF \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
cat \textgreater{} sometext.txt; this is some text to be saved & a simple way to add text to a text file \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
cat sometext.txt & to read the file with cat \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
| & pipe connects input to output \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ls /bin /usr/bin |sort | less & example sort 2 dirs binaries \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
sort & alphabetize a list \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
uniq & used with sort, removes duplicates \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
grep & pattern finding \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
head & checks the first 10 lines of a file. -n \# (to adjust \#) \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
tail & checks the last 10 lines of a file. -n\# \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
tail -f /var/log/messages & -f is a real time log file viewer switch(CTRL-C to quit) \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
tee & for use with pipe \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
echo *D & display everything with a capital D \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
echo \$((2+2)) & command line  calculator \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
echo "\$(cal)" & calendar \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
history & a list of all commands used \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Technical commands (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
history: !88 & !88 will use number 88 in history \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.79632 cm} x{4.18068 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{USB checking}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
lsusb & list connected USB devices \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.68758 cm} x{2.28942 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{dpkg}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
dpkg -{}-list & list all installed packages \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
-r or -{}-remove & remove a package \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-P or -{}-purge} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
-{}-log=\textless{}filename\textgreater{} & log changes made \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-i or -{}-install \textless{}.deb file name\textgreater{} & install a deb file \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{chmod octal chart}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
octal & binary  -  filemode \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
0 & 000  -{}-{}- \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1 & 001 -{}-x \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
2 & 010 -w- \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
3 & 011 -wx \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
4 & 100 r-{}- \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
5 & 101 r-x \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
6 & 110 rw- \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
7 & 111 rwx \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
example setting octal 600 & owner, group, world \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & binary seems somewhat irrelevant \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{chmod symbolic notation} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
u & user \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
g & group \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
o & others, world \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
a & all \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{example notation} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
u+x & add execute permission for the owner \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
u-x & remove execute permission from the owner \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
+x & add execute for everyone, same as a+x \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
o-rw & remove read and write for everyone but owner and group \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
u+x,go=rx & add excute for owner, group and world changed to read and execute \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{umask new file default permissions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
umask & 0022 ubuntu default \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\# position 0-{}-{}- & 4000 sets program ownership to app \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 2000 sets group ownership for shared directories \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 1000 set to a directory prevents files from being deleted in shared directory \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{the last three are octal permissions} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{system stuff}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
printenv | less & system information \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
printenv USER & views the contents of a variable, example USER contains your user name \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
set | less & display shell and environment variables \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
echo \$HOME & echo can be used to view single variables \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
alias & lists all alias commands \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{[}command{]}; alert {[}message{]} & to get a notification when a command is done(an alias in ubuntu) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
below are some variables of interest & {\bf{{\emph{}}{\bf{}}}}{\bf{{\emph{}}{\bf{}}}}{\bf{{\emph{}}{\bf{}}}}** \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
DISPLAY & the name of your display enviroment \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
EDITOR & the default text editor \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
SHELL & name of the shell running \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
HOME & path to home directory \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
LANG & keyboard language \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
OLD\_PWD & the previous working directory \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
PAGER & the name of the program used for paging output. Usually is app less \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{system stuff (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
PATH & a colon separated list of directories  that are searched when you enter the name of an executable program \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
PS1 & prompt string 1, defines the contents of shell prompt \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
PWD & current working directory \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
TERM & the name of your terminal type \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
TZ & time zone \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
USER & your username \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Storage Media command overview}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
mount & mount a file system \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
umount & un-mount a file system (pay attention to the spelling of the command Umount) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
fdisk & partition table manipulator \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
fsck & check and repair a filesystem \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
fdformat & format a floppy disk \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
mkfs & make a filesystem \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
dd & write block-oriented data directly to a device \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
genisoimage (mkisos) & create an ISO 9660 image file \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
wodim (cdrecord) & write data to an optical storage \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
md5sum & calculate MD5 checksum \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{LISTING DEVICES AND FILESYSTEMS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
/etc/fstab & is a list of devices \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
mount & will view a list of mounted filesystems \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
ls /dev & list devices \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
/dev/fd* & floppy disks \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
/dev/hd* & hard drives \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
/dev/lp* & printers \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
/dev/sd* & SCSI disks \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
/dev/sr* & Optical drives CD/DVD readers and burners \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Storage Media command overview (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sudo tail -f /var/log/syslog & to see real time device changes in the system \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{MOVING DEV MOUNT LOCATIONS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sudo mkdir /mnt/flash & make a dir to mount flash drive \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/flash & moves the location to the new one (use the proper device name before moving) \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
df & display disk space df -h for human readable \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{system startup stuff}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
/etc/profile & a global configuration script that applies to all users \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\textasciitilde{}/.bash\_profile & a users personal startup file. can override the global config script \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textasciitilde{}/.bash\_login & if \textasciitilde{}/.bash\_profile is not found, bash attempts to read this one \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\textasciitilde{}/.profile & if neither bash profile or login are found this is run. this is the default in Ubuntu \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
/etc/bash/bashrc & a global config script that applies to all users \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\textasciitilde{}/.bashrc & a users personal startup file \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
files that start with a period are hidden & is -a option when searching with ls \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.09034 cm} x{2.88666 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{fdisk commands}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sudo umount /dev/sdb1 & unmount the partition \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb & mount the entire drive \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{fdsik commands}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
p & print partition tables \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
l & list known partition types \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
t & change a partitions system id \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
w & write partition changes \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
q & quit fdisk \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{creating a new filesystem with mkfs}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sudo mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 & make an ext3 filesystem on device sdb1 partition \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
sudo mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdb1 & make a fat32 silesystem on device sdb1 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{testing and repairing filesystems with fsck}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sudo fsck /dev/sdb1 & checks the filesystem on sdb1 partition \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Moving data directly to and from devices with dd}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
dd & raw copy tool (dd has 2 names, data definition and destroy disk) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
dd if=input\_file of=output\_file {[}bs=block\_size {[}count=blocks{]}{]} & syntax to dd raw copy \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/sdc & copy 2 identical usb drives that are the same size \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
dd if=/dev/sdb of=flash\_drive.img & make a raw image of the drive \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{creating CD-ROM images}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=ubuntu.iso & copy the contents of a cd to an image file \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
cdrdao & is used for audio cds \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{creating an iso from a collection of files}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
genisoimage -o cd-rom.iso -R -J \textasciitilde{}/cd-rom-files & if you had a directory called /cd-rom-files, you could use this command to make an image of the directory \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
the -R -J options defined & the allow the use of long filenames \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{mounting an iso image directly}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{using the -o loop with mount} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
mkdir /mnt/iso\_image & then the next line down \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
mount -t iso9660 -o loop image.iso /mnt/iso\_image & mounts the iso as a virtual drive \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{blanking a RW CD}}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
wodim dev=/dev/cdrw blank=fast & there are other types of blanking \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{writing an image file}}} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
wodim dev=/dev/cdrw image.iso & writes an image to cd \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MD5 checksum}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
md5sum image.iso & will give you the md5 checksum value \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
md5sum /dev/cdrom & a cd-r write in disc at once can be checked like this \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.23965 cm} x{2.73735 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{lynis (auditing,hardening)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sudo apt install lynis & install it \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
lynis audit system & perform local security scan \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
lynis show version & version \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
-{}-verbose & details \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-{}-pentest & non privileged scan \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{systemctl (services)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
systemctl -all or -a & see all loaded processes \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
list-units & list units currently in memory \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
list-sockets & list sockets currently in memory \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
list-unit-files & list installed unit files \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
poweroff & turn the computer off \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
reboot & shutdown and restart \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{is-system-running} & checks to see if the system is running \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
-{}-type service -{}-state running & searching for running services \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ps (running processes)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ps -e & all running processes \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
ps aux | grep telnet & search for telnet running \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ps \#\#\#\# & \# = number for PID to view \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
ps -aux & custom running process search \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ps -{}-help all & list more commands \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
ps & report a snapshot of the current running processes \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
top & display tasks with the top active ones \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
jobs & list active jobs \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
bg & place a job in the background \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
fg & place a job in the foreground \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
kill & send a signal to a process via PID \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
killall & kill process by name \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
shutdown & shut down or reboot the system \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
xlogo & creates a nonsense xlogo app for debuging and testing ps controls \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{[}CTRL-c{]} & terminates programs started in terminal \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
xlogo \& & \& will make a program start in the background \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
fg \%1 & will bring the program to the foreground \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ps (running processes) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{[}CTRL-z{]} & stops or pauses a process \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
bg \%1 & put program in background \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
killall {[}process name{]} & killall xlogo for example if multiples are running \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
pstree & outputs a process list in a tree pattern \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
vmstat & system resource snapshot {[}vmstat5{]} for continuous feed \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
xload & GUI draws a graph, showing sys stats overtime \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
tload & a terminal version of xload \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
tload & a terminal version of xload \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{netstat}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
netstat & -tulpn \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
-l (L) & display listening sockets \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-n & don't resolve names \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
-p & display PID \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-s & an overview - statistics \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
-g & group memberships \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-r & router table \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
-i & interface table \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Customizing the Prompt}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{adjust how the prompt is displayed and operates} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
echo \$PS1 & display the current prompt setup \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{ps1\_old="\$PS1"} & make a backup before making changes called ps1\_old. check with echo \$ps1\_old \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{PS1="\$ps1\_old"} & restore the original \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
PS1= & clear all prompt data (no visible prompt) \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{PROMPT VALUES}} & ubuntu default value is: {[}\textbackslash{}u@\textbackslash{}h \textbackslash{}W{]}\textbackslash{}\$ \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
PS1="\textbackslash{}\$ " & a minimal prompt \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}a & ASCII bell. Makes the computer beep \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}d & current date in day, month, date format \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}h & hostname of the local machine minus the domain \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}H & full hostname \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}j & number of jobs in the current shell \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}l & name of the current terminal device \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}n & a newline character \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}r & a carriage return \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}s & name of the shell program \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}t & current time in 24hour H:M:S \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}T & current time in 12hour format \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Customizing the Prompt (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}@ & current time in 12hour am/pm format \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}A & current time in 24 hour H:M \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}u & username of the current user \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}v & version number of the shell \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}V & version and release number of the shell \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}w & name of the current working directory \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}W & last part of the working directory \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}! & history number of the current command \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}\# & number of commands entered in shell \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}\$ & displays the \$ character unless you have root, in that case it displays \# \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}{[} & the start of a series of one or more non-printing characters \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}{]} & the end of a non-printing character sequence \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{COLOR TEXT}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;30m & black \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;31m & red \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;32m & green \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;33m & brown \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;34m & blue \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;35m & purple \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Customizing the Prompt (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;36m & cyan \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;37m & light grey \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}033{[}1;30m & dark grey \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}033{[}1;31m & light red \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}033{[}1;32m & light green \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}033{[}1;33m & yellow \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}033{[}1;34m & light blue \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}033{[}1;35m & light purple \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}033{[}1;36m & light cyan \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 46
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}033{[}1;37m & white \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 47
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{BACKGROUND COLOR}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 48
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;40m & black \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 49
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;41m & red \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 50
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;42m & green \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 51
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;43m & brown \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 52
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;44m & blue \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 53
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;45m & purple \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 54
\SetRowColor{white}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;46m & cyan \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 55
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{}033{[}0;47m & light gray \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Searching for files commands}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
locate & find files by name \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
find & search for files in directory hierarchy \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
xargs & build and execute command lines from standard input \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
touch & change file times \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
stat & display file or filesystem status \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{locate (find files the easy way)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
locate bin/zip & locate will search for any string with bin and zip \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
locate zip | grep bin & and fancier search \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{find (find files the hard way)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
find \textasciitilde{} & a list of directories in our home dir \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
find \textasciitilde{} | wc -l & use word count to find how many files \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
find \textasciitilde{} -type d  | wc -l & find how many directories with word count \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
find \textasciitilde{} -type f | wc -l & find regular files with word count \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
find \textasciitilde{} type f -name "*.JPG" -size +1M | wc -l & find files with the name .jpg larger than 1 mb and count them \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ find test}}} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Searching for files commands (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-cmin n & match files of dirs whose content was modified exactly n minutes ago \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
-cnewer file & match files or directories whose content was last modified more recently than the file named \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-ctime & match files or dirs that were modified within the last 24hours \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
-empty & match empty files or dirs \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-group name & match files or dirs belonging to a group \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
-iname pattern & like name but case sensitive \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-inum n & match files with inode number n \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
-mmin n & match files of dir whose contents were modified n mins ago \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-mtime  n & match files or dirs whose contents where modified n 24 hours ago \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
-name pattern & match files with wildcard pattern \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Searching for files commands (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-newer file & match files or dirs whose content was modifies more recently than specified file \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
-nouser & match files or dirs that do not belong to a user \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-nogroup & match files that do not belong to a group \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
-perm mode & match files that have permission set to a specific mode \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-samefile name & match files with the same inode  number, similar to -inum test \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
-size n & match file of size n \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-type c & match files of c type \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
-user name & match files or dir belonging to user name \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{find logical operators}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
-and & match if both sides are true, also known as -a \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-or & match is one side is true also known as -o \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Searching for files commands (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-not & match if the following test is false, also know as -! \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{white}
( ) & group tests together to form  larger expressions \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{examples}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{white}
-type f -and -not -perms 0600 & testing for bad permissions by testing for good ones \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
find \textasciitilde{} (-type f -not - perms 0600) -or (-type d -not -perms 0700) & test for bad files and directories \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{actions for find}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-delete & delete the currently matching file(see warning) \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{white}
-ls & perform the equivalent of ls -dils on the matching file. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-print & output the full pathname of the file \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{white}
-print0 & used to correctly print file names with spaces \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 46
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-quit & quit once a match has been made \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 47
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{warning for delete}}} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 48
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{always use -print as a substitute for -delete to see what will be deleted} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Searching for files commands (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 49
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
find \textasciitilde{} -type f -name '*.BAK' -print & -print the files to output before deleting \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 50
\SetRowColor{white}
find \textasciitilde{} -type f -name '*.BAK' -delete & then proceed if you wish to delete still \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}