\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Raj Haj} \pdfinfo{ /Title (how-to-advise-students.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Raj Haj) /Subject (How to advise students Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{0D17A3} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F7F7FC} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{How to advise students Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Raj Haj} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/184670/cs/38559/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Raj Haj \\ \uline{cheatography.com/raj-haj} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 10th June, 2023.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Graduation Research Project}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The Graduation Research Project (GRP) is an important part of your academic journey. It allows you to explore a topic of your choice in depth and develop your research skills. The GRP helps you to demonstrate your ability to conduct independent research, analyze data/ academic materials, and present your findings in a clear and concise manner. It also allows you to contribute to the body of knowledge in your field of study. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 9) The three phases of the GRP {\bf{(Before, During, and After)}} are important to keep in mind throughout the project. Keep these phases in mind, to ensure that you are on track and meeting the necessary deadlines. It also helps you to stay organized and focused throughout the project. Remember to consult with your advisor and take advantage of the resources available to you.% Row Count 17 (+ 8) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The three phases of the GRP}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Before the GRP}} & {\bf{During the GRP}} & {\bf{After the GRP}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Work with your advisor to choose a research topic that interests you. & Get feedback from your advisor on your research as you work on it. & Celebrate your \seqsplit{accomplishments} and plan your next steps with your advisor. \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 6) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Learn how to do research, including how to review literature and choose a methodology. & Collaborate with other students and faculty from different disciplines to enhance your research. & Use your GRP to help you find a job or apply to graduate school. \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 8) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Set deadlines and expectations for \seqsplit{communication} with your advisor. & Ask your advisor for help if you have any problems or roadblocks. & Stay in touch with your advisor and other alumni to continue your professional development. \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 7) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{To ensure a successful completion of your GRP and prepare for your future career or academic pursuits, it is essential to follow these three phases while maintaining regular communication with your advisor and utilizing the available resources.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Choosing a Topic}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Start with your interests \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) - Consider your career goals \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1) - Focus on a specific area \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1) - Consult with your advisor \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1) - Research existing literature \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1) - Consider interdisciplinary collaboration \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1) - Empower yourself% Row Count 7 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Seminar}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- The seminar is a mandatory component for graduation, contributing {\bf{1 credit}} towards the {\bf{124-credit}} requirement. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3) - It should be taken a semester before the GRP if all prerequisites are met; otherwise, permission is required to take them concurrently. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3) - Students should take the CLA+ test in {\bf{week 4}}, which accounts for {\bf{20 percent}} of the final grade. Failing to take the CLA+ test will result in a failing grade for the seminar. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 4) - By {\bf{week 10}}, students must submit the following items to the admin office via email by {\bf{12 p.m. JST}} on Friday, and copy their advisor: \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 3) - {\bf{Draft proposal}} (400–500 words) for GRP \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2) - {\bf{Annotated Bibliography}}: at least 10 sources, summarizing and assessing each, helps comprehend significance and credibility, streamlines research process. \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 4) - {\bf{For students studying abroad}}, provisions are made to ensure a smooth progression of their GRP and seminar: \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 3) - {\bf{Parallel Seminar}}: Students should be approached for a parallel seminar conducted online. This allows them to actively participate in seminar discussions and receive guidance from their advisor, even when they are physically distant. \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 5) - {\bf{Remote Advisor Guidance}}: The advisor shall provide guidance and feedback on the research progress, methodology, and analysis. It is recommended to schedule regular virtual meetings with the advisor to discuss any challenges or questions.% Row Count 32 (+ 5) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Graduation Research Project (GRP)}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The Graduation Research Project (GRP) is an important part of your academic journey. It allows you to explore a topic of your choice in depth and develop your research skills. To help you with this project, we have provided some guidelines for structuring your GRP manuscript. These structures are not rigid templates, but rather a foundation upon which you can build and customize your manuscript to effectively present your research findings and arguments.% Row Count 10 (+ 10) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Defining a Research Question}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{When defining a research question, consider the following aspects and make sure your research question is {\bf{Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound (SMART)}}: \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4) - {\bf{What:}} What is the main topic or issue that the research aims to investigate? \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2) - {\bf{Who is concerned:}} Who or what group of people, organizations or entities are involved or affected by the research question? \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 3) - {\bf{What aspect:}} What particular aspect or dimension of the topic or issue is the research question focusing on? \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 3) - {\bf{Where:}} Is there a particular geographical or spatial context that the research question pertains to? \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 3) - {\bf{When:}} Is there a specific time frame or period that the research question pertains to?% Row Count 17 (+ 2) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Type I}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{I. Introduction}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) A. Background Information \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1) B. Thesis Statement \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1) II. {\bf{Literature Review}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1) A. Overview of Relevant Research \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1) B. Analysis of Research \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1) III. {\bf{Methodology}} \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1) A. Research Design \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1) B. Material/Data Collection and Analysis \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1) IV. {\bf{Results and Discussion}} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1) A. Presentation of Findings \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1) B. Interpretation of Results \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1) C. Counterarguments or Limitations \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1) V. {\bf{Conclusion}} \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1) A. Summary of Findings \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1) B. Answer to the research question \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1) C. Implications for Future Research \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1) VI. References% Row Count 18 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Note}}: Counterarguments act as opposing viewpoints to a dominant proposition or idea, offering contrasting perspectives that challenge the initial argument. Embracing counterarguments is crucial for cultivating dialectical thinking as they stimulate critical analysis, foster intellectual discourse, and facilitate a deeper comprehension of intricate matters.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Type II}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{I. Introduction}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) - A. Background Information \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1) - B. Research Question \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1) - C. Literature Review \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1) - {\emph{1. Overview of Relevant Research}} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1) - {\emph{2. Analysis and Synthesis of Research}} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1) - {\emph{3. Identification of Knowledge Gaps}} \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1) - D. Methodology \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1) - {\emph{1. Methodological Considerations}} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1) - {\emph{2. Selection and Justification of Primary Sources}} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2) - {\emph{3. Secondary Sources and Supporting Materials}} \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2) - {\bf{II. Evidence}} \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1) - A. Primary Sources \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1) - B. Secondary Sources \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1) - {\bf{III. Analysis}} \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1) - A. Examination of Primary Sources \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1) - B. Integration of Secondary Sources \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1) - C. Discussions \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1) - {\bf{IV. Conclusion}} \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1) - A. Summary of Findings \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1) - B. Implications for the Discipline \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1) - C. Answer the Research Question \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1) - D. Suggestions for Future Research \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1) - {\bf{V. Reference List}}% Row Count 26 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conducting a Literature Review}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{A literature review is a critical component of the Graduation Research Project (GRP). It involves analyzing existing research on your topic, identifying gaps, and situating your own research within the broader field. Here are some tips:}} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 5) 1. {\bf{Define your research question}}: Clearly define the question that your research aims to address. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3) 2. {\bf{Search for relevant literature}}: Utilize various sources to search for literature that is relevant to your topic. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 3) 3. {\bf{Evaluate and synthesize the literature}}: Assess the strengths and weaknesses of existing research, and identify key themes. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 3) 4. {\bf{Identify gaps in the literature}}: Determine areas where the literature lacks coverage or understanding, and use them to develop your conceptual framework. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 4) 5. {\bf{Organize the literature review}}: Group the literature into themes or categories to provide a structured overview. \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 3) 6. {\bf{Note trends and patterns}}: Observe recurring trends or patterns in the literature to gain insights into the field. \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 3) 7. {\bf{Highlight research opportunities}}: Identify areas where further investigation is needed and discuss how your research contributes to filling those gaps.% Row Count 28 (+ 4) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Note}}: Remember to consult your advisor and utilize available resources for guidance throughout the process.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Example of a Literature Review}}}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- {\bf{Introduction}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) - Briefly introduce the research topic and its significance. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2) - {\bf{Conceptual Framework (Optional)}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1) - Present the key theories or concepts that underpin your research topic. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2) - Explain how these theories or concepts inform your study. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2) - {\bf{Review of the Literature}} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1) - Organize the literature review into themes or categories relevant to your research topic. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2) - Summarize and critically analyze each study, highlighting its purpose, methodology, findings, and limitations. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 3) - Compare and contrast the different studies, identifying areas of agreement and disagreement. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2) - Note any trends or patterns in the literature, such as shifts in focus or emerging areas of interest. \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 3) - {\bf{Identification of Gaps and Research Opportunities}} \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2) - Highlight gaps in the literature where further research is needed. \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2) - Discuss how your research aims to address these gaps or contribute to the existing body of knowledge. \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 3) - {\bf{Conclusion}} \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1) - Summarize the main findings of the literature review. \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 2) - Reiterate the significance of the research topic and the need for further investigation. \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 2) } \tn \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Example of a Literature Review}} (cont)}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{ - Briefly describe how your study will build upon the literature reviewed.% Row Count 2 (+ 2) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Example of a Literature Review}}}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- {\bf{Introduction}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) - Briefly introduce the research topic and its significance. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2) - {\bf{Conceptual Framework (Optional)}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1) - Present the key theories or concepts that underpin your research topic. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2) - Explain how these theories or concepts inform your study. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2) - {\bf{Review of the Literature}} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1) - Organize the literature review into themes or categories relevant to your research topic. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2) - Summarize and critically analyze each study, highlighting its purpose, methodology, findings, and limitations. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 3) - Compare and contrast the different studies, identifying areas of agreement and disagreement. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2) - Note any trends or patterns in the literature, such as shifts in focus or emerging areas of interest. \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 3) - {\bf{Identification of Gaps and Research Opportunities}} \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2) - Highlight gaps in the literature where further research is needed. \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2) - Discuss how your research aims to address these gaps or contribute to the existing body of knowledge. \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 3) - {\bf{Conclusion}} \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1) - Summarize the main findings of the literature review. \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 2) - Reiterate the significance of the research topic and the need for further investigation. \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 2) } \tn \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Example of a Literature Review}} (cont)}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{ - Briefly describe how your study will build upon the literature reviewed.% Row Count 2 (+ 2) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Phrasebank}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Phrasebank is a collection of academic writing templates and examples that serve as a reference for various types of writing, including essays, research papers, reports, and dissertations. It offers users commonly used phrases, expressions, and sentence structures in academic writing to improve their writing skills and create high-quality academic work. The templates and examples in Phrasebank are designed to cover a range of topics and disciplines, and they serve as a guide to help users write in a clear, concise, and professional manner. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 11) Examples of commonly used phrases in academic writing include: \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2) - "It is worth noting that..." \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1) - "This study provides insight into..." \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1) - "Furthermore, it should be noted that..." \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1) - "The results of the analysis indicate that..." \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1) - And many more.% Row Count 18 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}