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\author{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)}
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  /Title (us-foreign-policy-in-1950s.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (RainyMoons (RainyMoons))
  /Subject (US Foreign Policy in 1950s Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{US Foreign Policy in 1950s Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 17th August, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Introduction}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The 1950s were a critical decade for U.S. foreign policy, marked by the intensification of the Cold War} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{U.S. strategies were primarily driven by the goal of containing communism and countering the influence of the Soviet Union globally} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Historical Context}}  \tn
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{\bf{Post-World War II Global Order}} & The United States emerged from World War II as a global superpower, alongside the Soviet Union \tn 
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 & The division of Europe, the establishment of the United Nations, and the onset of the Cold War shaped U.S. foreign policy priorities \tn 
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{\bf{The Cold War}} & The Cold War, a state of political and military tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, dominated international relations \tn 
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 & U.S. foreign policy was focused on containing the spread of communism through various means, including military alliances, economic aid, and covert operations \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Truman Doctrine and Containment}}  \tn
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{\bf{Truman Doctrine (1947)}} & Established the framework for U.S. foreign policy throughout the 1950s \tn 
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 & President Harry S. Truman declared that the U.S. would support free peoples resisting subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures, specifically targeting Soviet expansion \tn 
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{\bf{Policy of Containment}} & The containment strategy aimed to prevent the spread of communism beyond its existing borders \tn 
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 & The U.S. sought to counter Soviet influence through a combination of military, economic, and diplomatic efforts \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Foreign Policy Strategies}}  \tn
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{\bf{North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)}} & Formed in 1949 as a military alliance between the U.S. and Western European nations \tn 
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 & Aimed at deterring Soviet aggression and ensuring collective defense, under the principle that an attack on one member would be considered an attack on all \tn 
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{\bf{SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization)}} & Established in 1954 to prevent communist influence in Southeast Asia \tn 
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 & Modeled after NATO, SEATO included the U.S., France, the U.K., and several Asian nations, though it was less effective due to regional complexities \tn 
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{\bf{Marshall Plan (1948-1952)}} & A massive economic aid program aimed at rebuilding Western European economies after World War II \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Foreign Policy Strategies (cont)}}  \tn
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 & The goal was to prevent the spread of communism by stabilizing economies and fostering democratic governments \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Eisenhower Administration (1953-1961)}}  \tn
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{\bf{Dwight D. Eisenhower's Presidency}} & Eisenhower continued the policy of containment but introduced new strategies to address Cold War challenges \tn 
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{\bf{The New Look Policy}} & Eisenhower's "New Look" policy emphasized the use of nuclear weapons and air power as a deterrent against Soviet aggression \tn 
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 & This policy aimed to reduce military spending while maintaining a strong defense posture through a reliance on "massive retaliation." \tn 
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{\bf{Brinkmanship}} & Secretary of State John Foster Dulles advocated for "brinkmanship," the strategy of pushing hostile engagements to the brink of war to force the other side to back down \tn 
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 & This approach was intended to deter Soviet expansion without resorting to full-scale war. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Events and Crises}}  \tn
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{\bf{Korean War (1950-1953)}} & The Korean War was the first major conflict of the Cold War, where U.S.-led UN forces fought against North Korean and Chinese forces \tn 
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 & The war ended in an armistice, with Korea remaining divided at the 38th parallel, a significant Cold War flashpoint \tn 
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{\bf{The Suez Crisis (1956)}} & A conflict in the Middle East involving Egypt, Israel, the UK, and France over control of the Suez Canal \tn 
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 & The U.S. intervened diplomatically to prevent a wider conflict and to assert its influence in the region, signaling a shift in global power dynamics \tn 
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{\bf{The Hungarian Uprising (1956)}} & A spontaneous anti-Soviet revolt in Hungary was brutally suppressed by Soviet forces \tn 
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 & The U.S. offered moral support but did not intervene militarily, reflecting the limits of its willingness to challenge Soviet control in Eastern Europe \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Events and Crises (cont)}}  \tn
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{\bf{The U-2 Incident (1960)}} & A U.S. spy plane was shot down over Soviet airspace, leading to the capture of pilot Francis Gary Powers \tn 
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 & The incident heightened Cold War tensions and led to the collapse of a planned summit between Eisenhower and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Covert Operations}}  \tn
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{\bf{The CIA and Covert Action}} & Under Eisenhower, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) played a significant role in foreign policy, conducting covert operations to undermine communist governments and movements \tn 
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{\bf{Iran (1953)}} & The CIA orchestrated a coup to overthrow Iran's democratically elected Prime Minister, Mohammad Mossadegh, and reinstated the Shah, ensuring U.S. influence and access to oil \tn 
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{\bf{Guatemala (1954)}} & The CIA led a coup to remove the democratically elected President Jacobo Árbenz, fearing his policies could lead to communist influence in Central America \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{US Foreign Policy in Asia}}  \tn
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{\bf{The Domino Theory}} & The belief that if one country in a region fell to communism, neighboring countries would also fall, like a row of dominoes \tn 
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 & This theory influenced U.S. involvement in Asia, particularly in Vietnam \tn 
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{\bf{Vietnam}} & In the 1950s, the U.S. began providing military and economic assistance to the government of South Vietnam to prevent the spread of communism from the North \tn 
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 & This involvement set the stage for the more extensive U.S. military commitment in the 1960s \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conclusion}}  \tn
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{\bf{Impact of 1950s U.S. Foreign Policy}} & The 1950s solidified the U.S.'s role as a global leader in the fight against communism \tn 
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 & Policies of containment, collective security, and covert operations shaped the geopolitical landscape and contributed to the persistence of the Cold War \tn 
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{\bf{Long-Term Consequences}} & US foreign policy decisions in the 1950s had lasting effects, particularly in regions like the Middle East, Latin America, and Southeast Asia, leading to future conflicts and interventions \tn 
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% That's all folks
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