\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (us-civil-rights-movement-lecture.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (RainyMoons (RainyMoons))
  /Subject (US Civil Rights Movement Lecture Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{3670A3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F2F6F9}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{US Civil Rights Movement Lecture Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/153402/cs/44151/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}RainyMoons (RainyMoons) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/rainymoons} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 19th August, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Comprehensive Overview}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The U.S. Civil Rights Movement was a pivotal period in American history, encompassing a broad range of social, political, and legal struggles aimed at ending racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Spanning from the mid-20th century to the early 1970s, this movement achieved significant legislative and societal changes, reshaping the American landscape. This lecture will provide a comprehensive examination of the movement, including its origins, major events, key figures, and lasting impact.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 11)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Historical Context and Background}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pre-Civil Rights Era: Racial Inequality and Segregation}} & {\bf{Post-Reconstruction Era (1877-1950s):}} After the end of Reconstruction, Southern states implemented Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation and disenfranchised African Americans. This era saw the establishment of a racial caste system with legalized segregation in public facilities, education, and transportation. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 17)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Economic Disparities:}} African Americans faced severe economic disadvantages, including limited access to quality education and well-paying jobs. Many worked as sharecroppers or laborers with little economic mobility. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 11)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{The Role of World War II}} & {\bf{Military Service and the Double V Campaign:}} African Americans served in large numbers during World War II, contributing to the Double V Campaign, which sought victory over fascism abroad and racial injustice at home. This campaign highlighted the contradictions between fighting for freedom overseas while enduring oppression domestically. \tn 
% Row Count 46 (+ 18)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Historical Context and Background (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{The Great Migration:}} The war years accelerated the Great Migration, as African Americans moved from the rural South to industrial cities in the North and West in search of better opportunities and to escape Jim Crow laws. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Early Movements and Organizations}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{The NAACP and Legal Challenges}} & {\bf{Founding and Objectives:}} The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909 to combat racial discrimination and promote civil rights through legal challenges, advocacy, and public education. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Major Legal Victories:}} Landmark cases such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, were pivotal achievements of the NAACP's legal strategy. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 11)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{The Role of Religious Institutions}} & {\bf{Churches as Centers of Activism:}} African American churches, particularly the Southern Baptist Church, played a central role in the Civil Rights Movement. Leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. used the church as a base for organizing protests and advocating for civil rights. \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 14)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Early Movements and Organizations (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC):}} Founded in 1957 by Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leaders, the SCLC aimed to harness the moral authority and organizing power of black churches to address civil rights issues. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 13)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)}} & {\bf{Founding and Focus:}} Established in 1942, CORE was dedicated to nonviolent direct action to challenge racial segregation and discrimination. CORE organized early sit-ins and freedom rides, which became significant tactics in the broader movement. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 13)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Major Campaigns and Milestones}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{The Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)}} & {\bf{Catalyst:}} The boycott began after Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man. Her arrest galvanized the African American community. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Impact:}} The boycott lasted for over a year and led to a Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation on public buses unconstitutional. This was a significant victory and helped elevate Martin Luther King Jr. as a prominent leader of the movement. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 13)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{The Freedom Rides (1961)}} & {\bf{Purpose and Execution:}} Organized by CORE and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the Freedom Rides aimed to challenge segregation in interstate bus terminals across the South. Riders faced violent attacks and arrests. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 12)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Major Campaigns and Milestones (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Federal Response:}} The violent reactions to the Freedom Rides drew national attention and led to federal intervention, which helped to enforce desegregation laws in bus terminals. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{The March on Washington (1963)}} & {\bf{Event and Significance:}} Held on August 28, 1963, this massive rally brought together over 250,000 people to demand jobs and freedom. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech became an iconic moment in the movement. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 12)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Legislative Impact:}} The march exerted significant pressure on Congress and the Kennedy administration, contributing to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Major Campaigns and Milestones (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{The Civil Rights Act of 1964}} & {\bf{Content and Passage:}} This landmark legislation, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended segregation in public places and provided for equal employment opportunities. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 14)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Implementation and Challenges:}} While the Act was a major victory, its implementation faced resistance, especially in the South, and continued to require ongoing activism and legal battles. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 10)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Shift to More Radical Approaches}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{The Rise of Black Power}} & {\bf{Origins and Philosophy:}} The Black Power movement, associated with leaders like Stokely Carmichael and organizations like the Black Panther Party, emphasized racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and resistance to systemic oppression. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Impact and Controversy:}} While the movement sought to address the failures of more moderate approaches, it also faced criticism from both within and outside the African American community for its militancy and separatism. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 11)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{The Black Panther Party (1966)}} & {\bf{Formation and Goals:}} Founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, the Black Panther Party advocated for armed self-defense against police brutality and sought to address systemic injustices through community programs. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 11)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Shift to More Radical Approaches (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Surveillance and Suppression:}} The FBI targeted the Black Panther Party as part of its COINTELPRO program, which aimed to undermine and discredit radical groups. The Party faced significant legal and violent repression. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 11)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{The Urban Riots of the 1960s}} & {\bf{Causes and Effects:}} The Watts Riots (1965) and the Detroit Riots (1967) were among several urban uprisings that erupted in response to police brutality, economic inequality, and racial discrimination. These riots highlighted the frustration and anger over the slow pace of change and the persistence of systemic issues. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 16)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Government Response:}} In response to the riots, the Kerner Commission (1968) was established to investigate the causes of the unrest. The commission's report pointed to deep-seated racial and economic inequalities as primary factors. \tn 
% Row Count 39 (+ 12)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Figures and Their Contributions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Martin Luther King Jr.}} & {\bf{Leadership and Philosophy:}} King, a Baptist minister, became the most prominent leader of the Civil Rights Movement, advocating for nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience. His leadership was crucial in organizing major campaigns and shaping public opinion. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Legacy:}} King's assassination in 1968 was a significant loss for the movement, but his legacy of nonviolence and his contributions to civil rights were widely recognized and honored. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Malcolm X}} & {\bf{Early Life and Philosophy:}} Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, initially embraced a philosophy of black nationalism and self-defense through the Nation of Islam. His rhetoric was often more radical compared to other civil rights leaders. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Figures and Their Contributions (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Evolution and Impact:}} After leaving the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X's views evolved to embrace a more inclusive struggle for human rights. His assassination in 1965 was a blow to his growing influence and the movement as a whole. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Rosa Parks}} & {\bf{The Montgomery Bus Boycott:}} Parks's act of civil disobedience by refusing to relinquish her bus seat became a symbol of resistance to segregation. Her courage and activism played a critical role in galvanizing the movement. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 10)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Continued Advocacy:}} Parks continued to work for civil rights and social justice throughout her life, becoming an enduring symbol of the struggle for racial equality. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 8)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{John Lewis}} & {\bf{Activism and Congressional Career:}} Lewis, a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), was a key figure in the Freedom Rides and the Selma to Montgomery marches. His activism and legislative work as a U.S. Congressman helped to advance civil rights and social justice. \tn 
% Row Count 41 (+ 13)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Movement's Achievements and Legacy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Legislative and Social Changes}} & {\bf{Civil Rights Act of 1964:}} This legislation was a landmark achievement in ending legal segregation and discrimination. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Voting Rights Act of 1965:}} This Act aimed to eliminate barriers to voting for African Americans, such as literacy tests and poll taxes. It was instrumental in increasing voter registration and political participation among African Americans. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 13)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Cultural and Social Impact}} & {\bf{Media Representation:}} The movement influenced the representation of African Americans in media, arts, and culture, contributing to broader social changes and challenging stereotypes. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Movement's Achievements and Legacy (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Educational Advancements:}} The struggle for equal educational opportunities led to increased access to higher education and greater representation of African Americans in academia. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Ongoing Struggles and the Movement's Evolution}} & {\bf{Economic Inequality:}} Despite legal advances, economic disparities between African Americans and white Americans persisted, and addressing economic justice became a key focus of later activism. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 10)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Intersectionality:}} The movement's legacy continues to inspire contemporary struggles for justice, including issues of gender equality, LGBTQ+ rights, and immigrant rights, highlighting the interconnected nature of various social justice issues. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 13)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conclusion}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The U.S. Civil Rights Movement was a transformative period in American history that reshaped the nation's approach to race, equality, and justice. Its successes in dismantling legal segregation and advancing civil rights were hard-won through years of struggle, sacrifice, and collective action. The movement's legacy continues to influence contemporary social justice movements and serves as a reminder of the ongoing quest for equality and human dignity.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The Civil Rights Movement's history is a testament to the power of activism and the enduring impact of those who have fought for a more just and equitable society.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}