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% Document Info
\author{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (space-race-timeline-1945-1975.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (RainyMoons (RainyMoons))
  /Subject (Space Race Timeline (1945–1975) Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Space Race Timeline (1945–1975) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/153402/cs/46902/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}RainyMoons (RainyMoons) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/rainymoons} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 19th August, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1940s: Foundations of Rocket Science}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{1945 (May)}} & WWII ends. Both the U.S. and USSR scramble to seize German rocket technology and scientists. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & U.S. captures Wernher von Braun and \textasciitilde{}1,600 engineers under Operation Paperclip. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & USSR takes German engineers and equipment from Peenemünde and Mittelwerk. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{1946 (Oct 24)}} & First U.S. high-altitude rocket launch using a captured V-2 from White Sands, New Mexico. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{1947}} & First U.S. animals (fruit flies) sent into space aboard a V-2 rocket to study radiation. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 5
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{\bf{1948}} & The Soviet Union begins R-1 rocket program (a near-copy of the German V-2). \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 6
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{\bf{1949}} & U.S. launches first monkey (Albert II) into space aboard a V-2; dies on impact. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{1949 (Aug 29)}} & USSR detonates its first atomic bomb → Cold War competition intensifies, laying groundwork for linking rocketry with nuclear weapons. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1950s: Satellites and Early Spacecraft}}  \tn
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{\bf{1950 (Jul 24)}} & First launch from Cape Canaveral, Florida (Bumper 8 rocket). \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
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{\bf{1952}} & International Geophysical Year (IGY) planned for 1957–58; nations announce plans for satellites. \tn 
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{\bf{1955 (Jul 29)}} & President Eisenhower formally approves U.S. satellite project. \tn 
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{\bf{1955 (Aug 2)}} & USSR announces its own satellite project in response. \tn 
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{\bf{1956}} & U.S. begins Vanguard project (civilian satellite program). \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 5
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{\bf{1957 (Aug 21)}} & USSR successfully tests R-7 intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 6
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{\bf{1957 (Oct 4)}} & Sputnik 1 launched by USSR: first artificial satellite. Sends radio pulses, shocks the West. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 7
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{\bf{1957 (Nov 3)}} & Sputnik 2 carries Laika (dog), first living creature in orbit. Dies in orbit due to overheating. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
% Row 8
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{\bf{1958 (Jan 31)}} & U.S. launches Explorer 1, first U.S. satellite; discovers Van Allen radiation belts. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 9
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{\bf{1958 (Mar 17)}} & U.S. Vanguard 1 launched; still the oldest human-made satellite in orbit today. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1950s: Satellites and Early Spacecraft (cont)}}  \tn
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{\bf{1958 (Jul 29)}} & NASA founded from NACA and military research groups. \tn 
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% Row 11
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{\bf{1959 (Jan 2)}} & USSR launches Luna 1 (first spacecraft to escape Earth's gravity, flies past the Moon). \tn 
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% Row 12
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{\bf{1959 (Sep 12)}} & USSR's Luna 2 impacts the Moon → first human object to touch another celestial body. \tn 
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{\bf{1959 (Oct 4)}} & Luna 3 photographs far side of the Moon. \tn 
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{\bf{1960 (Aug 19)}} & USSR's Sputnik 5 carries dogs Belka and Strelka into orbit and returns them alive. \tn 
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{\bf{1961 (Apr 12)}} & Yuri Gagarin, Vostok 1: first human in space, completes one orbit. \tn 
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{\bf{1961 (May 5)}} & U.S. astronaut Alan Shepard, Freedom 7: first American in space (suborbital). \tn 
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{\bf{1961 (May 25)}} & JFK delivers speech to Congress, commits U.S. to a Moon landing before 1970. \tn 
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{\bf{1962 (Feb 20)}} & John Glenn, Friendship 7: first American to orbit Earth (3 orbits). \tn 
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{\bf{1963 (Jun 16)}} & Valentina Tereshkova, Vostok 6: first woman in space. \tn 
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{\bf{1964 (Oct 12)}} & USSR launches Voskhod 1: first multi-person crew (3 cosmonauts). \tn 
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{\bf{1965 (Mar 18)}} & Voskhod 2: Alexei Leonov performs first spacewalk (EVA), nearly dies during re-entry. \tn 
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{\bf{1965–66}} & (Gemini program, U.S.) – Series of crewed flights test docking, EVA, long-duration missions. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 4)
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{\bf{1966 (Feb 3)}} & USSR's Luna 9 achieves first soft landing on Moon. \tn 
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{\bf{1966 (Jun 2)}} & U.S. Surveyor 1 achieves first successful U.S. lunar landing. \tn 
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{\bf{1967 (Jan 27)}} & Apollo 1 tragedy: fire during ground test kills astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, Roger Chaffee. \tn 
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{\bf{1968 (Sep 15)}} & USSR's Zond 5 carries turtles and other lifeforms around the Moon and returns. \tn 
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{\bf{1968 (Dec 21–27)}} & Apollo 8: first crewed mission to orbit the Moon; "Earthrise" photo taken. \tn 
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{\bf{1969 (Jul 16–24)}} & Apollo 11: Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin land on the Moon (Jul 20); Michael Collins pilots command module. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1970s: After the First Moon Landing}}  \tn
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{\bf{1970 (Sept 12)}} & USSR's Luna 16 brings first robotic lunar soil samples to Earth. \tn 
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{\bf{1971 (Apr 19)}} & USSR launches Salyut 1, the first space station. \tn 
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{\bf{1971 (Jun 6–30)}} & Soyuz 11 crew spends 23 days aboard Salyut 1 (world record). Tragically, all three cosmonauts die on re-entry due to cabin depressurisation. \tn 
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% Row 3
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{\bf{1971 (Nov 13)}} & U.S. launches Mariner 9, first spacecraft to orbit another planet (Mars). \tn 
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{\bf{1972 (Dec 7–19)}} & Apollo 17: last crewed Moon landing; astronauts Gene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt explore Taurus-Littrow Valley. \tn 
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{\bf{1973 (May 14)}}* & U.S. launches Skylab, its first space station. Crewed missions continue until 1974. \tn 
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% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{1975 (Jul 15–24)}} & Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP): U.S. Apollo and Soviet Soyuz dock in orbit, crews conduct joint experiments. Symbolic end of Space Race and beginning of U.S.–Soviet cooperation. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 8)
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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