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% Document Info
\author{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (soviet-union-timeline.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (RainyMoons (RainyMoons))
  /Subject (Soviet Union Timeline Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Soviet Union Timeline Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{RainyMoons (RainyMoons)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/153402/cs/44046/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}RainyMoons (RainyMoons) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/rainymoons} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 8th August, 2024.\\
   Updated 7th August, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.24425 cm} x{3.73275 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1917: The Russian Revolution}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
February 1917 & The February Revolution begins in Petrograd with mass protests \& strikes against food shortages \& the autocracy. Tsar Nicholas II abdicates on March 2, ending over 300 years of Romanov rule. The Provisional Government is established, led initially by Prince Georgy Lvov \& later by Alexander Kerensky. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
April 1917 & Vladimir Lenin returns to Russia from exile, delivering his April Theses, which call for "All power to the Soviets" \& the overthrow of the Provisional Government. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
July 1917 & The July Days, a period of unrest \& demonstrations in Petrograd, are suppressed by the Provisional Government, leading to a temporary decline in Bolshevik influence. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
October 1917 & The October Revolution (Bolshevik Revolution) begins on October 25 (Julian calendar), when the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin and Leon Trotsky, seize key government buildings and overthrow the Provisional Government. The Bolsheviks establish the Council of People's Commissars, with Lenin as its head. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 10)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.24425 cm} x{3.73275 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1918-1922: Russian Civil War \& Formation of USSR}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1918-1920 & Russian Civil War between the Red Army (Bolsheviks) \& the White Army (anti-Bolsheviks), along with foreign intervention \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
March 1918 & Treaty of Brest-Litovsk is signed, ending Russia's involvement in WWI \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
July 1918 & Execution of Tsar Nicholas II \& his family \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
1921 & The Red Army secures victory in the Civil War; famine \& economic hardship lead to the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
December 1922 & The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) is officially established, with Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, \& the Transcaucasian Federation as founding members \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.14471 cm} x{3.83229 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1924-1929: Stalin's Rise to Power}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
January 1924 & Vladimir Lenin dies, leading to a power struggle among the Soviet leadership. Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party, begins to consolidate power. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{1924-1927} & Stalin maneuvers against his rivals, including Leon Trotsky, Lev Kamenev, and Grigory Zinoviev, who form the United Opposition. Stalin allies with Nikolai Bukharin and Alexei Rykov initially, then turns against them as well. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1927 & Trotsky is expelled from the Communist Party and later exiled from the Soviet Union in 1929. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.89586 cm} x{4.08114 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1929-1939: Stalin's Rule \& Great Purge}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{1928-1932} & The First Five-Year Plan is launched, emphasizing rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture. This leads to significant increases in industrial output but also widespread disruption and suffering in rural areas. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{1932-1933} & The Holodomor, a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine, causes the deaths of millions of people due to forced collectivization and grain requisition policies. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1934 & The assassination of Sergei Kirov, a prominent Communist leader, triggers a massive purge of perceived enemies within the Communist Party, the military, and broader society. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{1936-1938} & The Great Purge (or Great Terror) reaches its peak, with show trials, executions, and imprisonments of millions, including senior Communist Party members, military officers, intellectuals, and ordinary citizens. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1936 & The Soviet Constitution of 1936 is adopted, proclaiming the Soviet Union as a socialist state and ostensibly granting broad rights to its citizens, while in practice consolidating Stalin's totalitarian control. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 7)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1939-1945: World War II}}  \tn
% Row 0
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23 August 1939 & The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact) is signed, including a secret protocol dividing Eastern Europe into spheres of influence. This allows the USSR to annex parts of Poland, the Baltic states, and Bessarabia. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
17 September 1939 & The USSR invades eastern Poland, following the German invasion from the west. \tn 
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November 1939 & The Winter War between the Soviet Union and Finland begins, resulting in significant Soviet losses but eventually leading to Finnish territorial concessions. \tn 
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22 June 1941 & Operation Barbarossa, Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, begins, catching the Red Army by surprise and leading to massive early losses. \tn 
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1942-1943 & The Battle of Stalingrad becomes a turning point in the war, with the Soviet Union achieving a decisive victory and beginning to push German forces westward. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 6)
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1939-1945: World War II (cont)}}  \tn
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1943-1944 & The Soviet Union launches a series of successful offensives, regaining lost territory and advancing into Eastern Europe. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
9 May 1945 & Nazi Germany surrenders; the USSR emerges victorious, having suffered immense human and material losses. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.14471 cm} x{3.83229 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1945-1953: Post-War Period \& Stalin's Last Years}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1945 & The USSR establishes control over Eastern Europe, installing pro-Soviet governments in Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
1947 & The Truman Doctrine is announced, marking the beginning of the Cold War. The Marshall Plan is introduced, which the USSR rejects for itself and its Eastern European allies. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1948 & The Berlin Blockade begins, leading to the Berlin Airlift by Western Allies. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
1949 & The Soviet Union successfully tests its first atomic bomb, breaking the US monopoly on nuclear weapons. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{1950-1953} & The Korean War sees the USSR supporting North Korea against South Korea and UN forces led by the United States. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
5 March 1953 & Joseph Stalin dies, leading to a power struggle among the Soviet leadership. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.14471 cm} x{3.83229 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1953-1964: Khrushchev's Thaw}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{1953-1955} & A power struggle ensues among Soviet leaders, resulting in Nikita Khrushchev's rise to power. Lavrentiy Beria, the head of the secret police, is arrested and executed. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
1956 & Khrushchev delivers his "Secret Speech" at the 20th Party Congress, denouncing Stalin's cult of personality and initiating a period of de-Stalinization and political liberalization. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
October 1956 & The Hungarian Revolution is crushed by Soviet forces, reaffirming Soviet control over Eastern Europe. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
1957 & The USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial satellite, marking the beginning of the space race. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1961 & Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to orbit the Earth, enhancing Soviet prestige in the space race. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
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\SetRowColor{white}
1961 & The Berlin Wall is constructed, symbolizing the division between East and West during the Cold War. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
October 1962 & The Cuban Missile Crisis brings the world to the brink of nuclear war, but is resolved through negotiations between Khrushchev and US President John F. Kennedy. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.14471 cm} x{3.83229 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1953-1964: Khrushchev's Thaw (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
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1964 & Khrushchev is ousted in a coup led by Leonid Brezhnev and other party officials. Brezhnev becomes the new General Secretary of the Communist Party. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1964-1982: Brezhnev Era}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1968 & The Prague Spring, a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia, is crushed by Warsaw Pact troops, emphasizing the Brezhnev Doctrine of limited sovereignty for socialist states. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
1972 & The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I) treaty is signed with the United States, marking a period of détente and arms control. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1979 & The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan begins, aiming to support the communist government against insurgent groups. This leads to a protracted and costly conflict. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
1980 & The Moscow Olympics are boycotted by several Western countries in protest of the invasion of Afghanistan. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.24425 cm} x{3.73275 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1982-1985: Interregnum}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
November 1982 & Brezhnev dies; Yuri Andropov, former head of the KGB, becomes General Secretary. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
1984 & Andropov dies; Konstantin Chernenko, a senior party official, becomes General Secretary. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1985 & Chernenko dies; Mikhail Gorbachev, a reform-minded leader, becomes General Secretary, signaling the start of significant changes. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1985-1991: Gorbachev's Reforms \& end of USSR}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1985 & Gorbachev introduces policies of Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring) to reform the Soviet political and economic system, aiming to make it more transparent and efficient. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
1986 & The Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurs, exposing systemic flaws and leading to increased calls for reform. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1987 & Gorbachev initiates significant arms reduction talks with the United States, leading to the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty in 1987. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
1988-1989 & Nationalist movements gain strength in the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) and other Soviet republics, demanding greater autonomy or independence. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1989 & The Berlin Wall falls, leading to the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union refrains from intervening, marking the end of the Brezhnev Doctrine. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1985-1991: Gorbachev's Reforms \& end of USSR (cont)}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1990 & Gorbachev receives the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in reducing East-West tensions. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
March 1990 & Lithuania declares independence from the Soviet Union, followed by other Baltic states. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
June 1991 & Boris Yeltsin is elected President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the largest Soviet republic, signaling a shift in power. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
August 1991 & A coup attempt by hardline Communists against Gorbachev fails, but severely weakens his authority. Yeltsin emerges as a key figure in opposing the coup. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
8 December 1991 & The leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus sign the Belavezha Accords, declaring the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 7)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
25 December 1991 & Gorbachev resigns as President of the USSR, effectively ending the existence of the Soviet Union. The Russian Federation becomes the successor state. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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